Berlin, Freie Univ., Diss., 2004. / Dateiformat: zip, Dateien im PDF-Format. Computerdatei im Fernzugriff.

Berlin, Freie Universiẗat, Diss., 2004. / Dateiformat: zip, Dateien im PDF-Format.

La Réserve Nationale de Niassa (RNN, Mozambique) est une des plus grandes aires protégées en Afrique (42,140 km2) et inclut une population humaine d'environ 39,000 résidents au sein de ses limites. La RNN a subit 10 ans de guerre d'indépendance (1964-1974) puis 15 ans de guerre civile (1977-1992), périodes pendant lesquelles les populations animales ont fortement diminué. Malgré d'importants efforts de conservation, les densités de la communauté d'herbivores y sont très faibles comparées à d'autres systèmes de savanes similaires, notamment la densité de la population de buffles qui est considérée comme une espèce clé dans l'industrie locale des trophées de chasse et est donc logiquement devenue une priorité de gestion pour la RNN. Nous avons répondu à cette problématique à travers trois protocoles. Premièrement, nous avons analysé les données de 5 comptages aériens (2002-2011), réalisés en fin de saison sèche, afin d'explorer les relations entre la distribution de la population de buffles et plusieurs variables environnementales, reflétant les équilibres à long terme et à large échelle avec les ressources clés. Deuxièmement, nous avons étudié les stratégies d'utilisation de l'espace et de sélection de l'habitat de 9 troupeaux de buffles dans des zones contrastées et sur une période de 3 ans. Enfin, nous avons analysé les potentiels impacts directs et indirects des moyens de subsistance des foyers locaux sur le buffle et les ressources naturelles à partir de questionnaires réalisés dans des villages contrastés. Les résultats montrent que l'arrangement spatial des rivières permanentes et de l'eau résiduelle dans le réseau hydrographique secondaire est principalement responsable de la distribution de la population de buffles dans la RNN en saison sèche. La taille des domaines vitaux fait partie des plus grandes jamais observée pour cette espèce avec de larges mouvements saisonniers en réponse à une ségrégation des ressources. Les feux de brousse contraignent fortement la sélection de l'habitat et leur ampleur limite énormément la disponibilité en fourrage pour le buffle. Aucun évitement évident de la présence humaine (proximité aux villages / routes) n'a été observé par les deux premiers protocoles, mais les réponses aux questionnaires suggèrent un potentiel impact du braconnage sur la dynamique de la population de buffles. Ces résultats fournissent de précieuses informations aux gestionnaires d'aires protégées. A une si grande échelle, en raison de l'hétérogénéité des covariables environnementales, les actions de gestion doivent être adaptées aux zones contrastées de la RNN / The Niassa National Reserve {NNR, Mozambique) is one of the vastest protected areas in Africa {42,140 km2) and includes around 39,000 local residents within the limits of the Reserve. NNR suffered from 10 years of independence war {1964-1974) and 15 years of civil war {1977-1992), during which wildlife population decreased substantially. Despite important conservation efforts, the density of ungulate community remains strikingly low compared to other similar savanna systems, especially buffalo which is considered as a key asset for the local trophy hunting industry and has logically become a management priority for the NNR. We addressed this issue through three main protocols. First, we investigated data from 5 aerial surveys {2002-2011) at the end of the dry season to explore relationships between buffalo distribution and environmental covariates, reflecting large scale and long-term equilibriums with key resources. Second, we investigated space use and habitat selection strategies at annual and seasonal scales by GPS tracking the movements of 9 buffalo herds in contrasted areas over 3 years. Third, we assessed the potential direct and indirect impacts of household's livelihood on buffalo and natural resources using questionnaires in contrasted villages. Results show that the spatial arrangement of permanent rivers and residual water in seasonal tributaries strongly drives buffalo distribution within NNR in the dry season. Home range sizes were among the largest on record for the species with large seasonal movements in response to segregated resources. Bushfires appeared to strongly constraint habitat selection and the magnitude of their extension to greatly limit the availability of forage for buffalo. No obvious avoidance of human activities {villages/road proximity) was observed by the first two protocols, but responses to the questionnaires suggest a potentially severe impact of poaching on buffalo population dynamics. Results provide valuable information for wildlife managers. At such a large scale, due to the heterogeneity of environmental covariates, management actions must be adapted to the contrasting zones within NNR

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-13T19:28:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Joaquim Armando Dlima Viana.pdf: 2574418 bytes, checksum: 7610761268f0da802ec623a435305b08 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-13T19:29:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Joaquim Armando Dlima Viana.pdf: 2574418 bytes, checksum: 7610761268f0da802ec623a435305b08 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-16 / Biodiversity in Southern African countries plays an important role in rural communities. The components of biodiversity provide over 70% of the animal protein consumed by rural communities, source for traditional medicine, wild basic foodstuffs and building materials. Thus, southern African countries have implemented conservation programs to safeguard the interests of local populations. Mozambique also followed this process. Since its independence in 1975, Mozambique has been making efforts to protect its flora and fauna. However, day after day the statistics point out a degradation and loss of biodiversity throughout the country. Poaching and logging that feed Asian markets, increasing demand for wood fuel by local people, shifting cultivation, forest fires, lack of plans for land management, all associated with the population growth are pointed out as the main villains for the biodiversity crisis in Mozambique. Several national researchers as well, as international organizations concerned with the conservation, criticize the government's policies and strategies. It is with this problem, that the purpose of this study was to analyze the actions of conservation of biological diversity in Niassa National Reserve and its impact on the people living near the National Reserve. The results show that the main achievements in the political arena were the membership and subscription to international agreements and treaties, such as the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Protocol on Wildlife Conservation and Law Enforcement in SADC, among others. Ratification of these agreements pressured the government to design a series of laws, policies, strategies and programs aimed mostly the conservation and management of biodiversity and its main target the social and economic well-being of the local community. The Land Law (1999), Environmental Law (1999) and Law of Forests and Wildlife (1999) regulate, among other things, the relationship of interaction between the state, the private sector and local communities for management purposes and conservation of natural resources. However, due to a historical-political context, the government still holds local communities apart which is an unfavorable situation for biodiversity management. This distance between the government and local communities contributes to that poachers, illegal loggers, and other explorers not formalized, get the protection of the local communities as partners to achieve their intentions. If the purpose of the implementation of the programs was to alleviate poverty and improve biodiversity conservation, so the results show that to some extent, both failed and need a deep reflection to continue. / A biodiversidade nos pa?ses da ?frica Austral desempenha um papel importante na vida das comunidades rurais. Os componentes da biodiversidade fornecem mais de 70% da prote?na animal consumida pelas comunidades rurais, medicamentos para medicina tradicional, alimentos de base silvestre e material de constru??o. ? nesse contexto que pa?ses da ?frica Austral tem implementado programas de conserva??o com vista a salvaguardar os interesses das popula??es locais. Mo?ambique n?o ficou de fora nesse processo. Desde a sua independ?ncia em 1975 que o pa?s vem envidando esfor?os no sentido de proteger a flora e a fauna. Por?m, dia ap?s dia as estat?sticas apontam para uma degrada??o e redu??o da biodiversidade por todo o territ?rio nacional. A ca?a furtiva e a explora??o madeireira que alimentam os mercados asi?ticos, a crescente procura de combust?vel lenhoso pelas popula??es locais, a agricultura itinerante, as queimadas florestais, falta de planos de uso e aproveitamento da terra, tudo isso associado com a explos?o demogr?fica, s?o apontados como sendo os principais vil?es para a crise da biodiversidade em Mo?ambique. As pol?ticas e estrat?gias do poder p?blico s?o alvo de cr?ticas por diversos pesquisadores nacionais bem como por organiza??es internacionais ligadas ? conserva??o. ? com essa problem?tica que a proposta desse trabalho foi a de analisar as a??es de conserva??o da diversidade biol?gica na Reserva Nacional do Niassa e seus impactos sobre a popula??o residente no entorno. Os resultados mostram que os principais feitos na arena pol?tica foram a ades?o e subscri??o a Acordos/Tratados internacionais e regionais, como por exemplo, a Conven??o Africana sobre a Conserva??o da Natureza e dos Recursos Naturais, Uni?o Internacional para a Conserva??o da Natureza e dos Recursos Naturais (IUCN), Conven??o sobre o Com?rcio Internacional das Esp?cies da Fauna e Flora Silvestres Amea?adas de Extin??o (CITES), A Conven??o sobre a Diversidade Biol?gica (CDB), Protocolo Relativo ? Conserva??o da Fauna e Aplica??o da Lei na SADC, entre outros. A ratifica??o desses acordos pressionou o poder p?blico a desenhar uma s?rie de leis, pol?ticas, estrat?gias e programas visando na sua maioria a conserva??o e gest?o da biodiversidade tendo como principal alvo o bem-estar social e econ?mico das comunidades locais. A lei de terras (1999), a lei do ambiente (1999) e lei de florestas e fauna bravia (1999) regulam, entre outros aspectos, a rela??o de intera??o entre o Estado, o setor privado e as comunidades locais para fins de gest?o e conserva??o dos recursos naturais. Por?m, devido a um todo contexto hist?rico-pol?tico, o Estado ainda se mant?m distanciado das comunidades, o que concorre para a marginaliza??o das comunidades locais nesse processo. Essa marginaliza??o contribui em certa medida para que ca?adores furtivos, madeireiros ilegais, e demais exploradores n?o formalizados, se fa?am valer do amparo da popula??o local como parceiras para conseguir lograr os seus intentos. Se o objetivo da implementa??o dos programas foi de aliviar a pobreza e melhorar na conserva??o da biodiversidade, ent?o os resultados mostram que, em certa medida, ambos fracassaram e carecem de uma reflex?o profunda para a sua continuidade.

This study explores the phenomenon of "Mission Mobilisation" and formulation of a contextual approach toward a successful and effective Church Mission Mobilisation in Africa that results an active involvement of the local church in missions. Using a qualitative exploratory case study method, the study of "Church Mission Mobilisation: the case of WMC in the Niassa Province of Mozambique" has served as a practical way to engage with the subject. Hence, the study demonstrates that the absence of contextualisation of the content and approach used by westerners to mobilise local churches, has left most African churches without interest for missions or involvement of any nature. There is a need for a paradigm shift in the way church mission mobilisation is carried out in modern society (specifically African churches) in order to effectively get the whole church involved in missions. The study concludes with practical recommendations on how the issues raised through this study can be applied to a broader field than the Niassa Province of Mozambique. / Christian Spirituality, Church History & Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology)

Nesta tese apresentamos a contribuição da população Yao no contexto da luta armada de independência de Moçambique que teve lugar de 25 de setembro de 1964 a 7 de setembro de 1974. Nesta luta os Yao integraram-se ao movimento armado dirigido pela FRENTE DE LIBERTAÇÃO DE MOÇAMBIQUE (FRELIMO), organização nacionalista moçambicana, contra o governo colonial português, tendo se destacado no desenvolvimento dos setores oriental e sul do Niassa e no que este governo designou de Estrada de Mataca. A participação Yao, documentada em fontes coloniais portuguesas, esteve diretamente ligada na importância geoestratégica que este corredor desempenhava ao interligar a Tanzânia, onde estava sediada a FRELIMO, as frentes militares do Niassa e o território do Malawi, pelo interior do Niassa, e os situou no interior do processo efetivo - político e militar - da disseminação do discurso nacionalista moçambicano. A análise da historiografia dos séculos XVIII, XIX e XX sobre os Yao permitiu observar a dinâmica do seu imaginário político que a despeito de suas experiências de poderio económico e militar e de dominação administrativa portuguesa demonstraram sua integração (não isenta de tensões e contradições) na luta armada de independência nacional do país. A pesquisa se baseou na documentação consultada no Arquivo Histórico de Moçambique, em Maputo, no Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo (ANTT) e no Arquivo Histórico Militar, ambos em Lisboa. / In this thesis, we present the contribution of the Yao population in the context of the armed struggle for independence of Mozambique that took place from September 25, 1964 to September 7, 1974. In this struggle, the Yao joined the armed movement led by the FRONT OF LIBERATION OF MOZAMBIQUE (FRELIMO), a Mozambican nationalist organization, against the Portuguese colonial government, having distinguished itself in the development of the eastern and southern sectors of Niassa and what this government has designated as the \"Mataca Road\". The Yao participation, documented in Portuguese colonial sources, was directly linked to the geostrategic importance that this corridor played in interconnecting Tanzania (where FRELIMO was based), the Niassa military fronts and the Malawian territory, through the interior of Niassa, which placed them within the effective process - political and military - of the dissemination of the Mozambican nationalist discourse. The analysis of the historiography of the eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth centuries on the Yao made it possible to observe the dynamics of his political imagination which, despite his experiences of economic and military power and Portuguese administrative domination, demonstrated his integration (not free of tensions and contradictions) in Armed struggle of the country\'s national independence. The research was based on the documentation consulted in the Mozambican Historical Archive in Maputo, in the National Archive of the Torre do Tombo (ANTT) and in the Historical Military Archive, both in Lisbon.

Nesta tese apresentamos a contribuição da população Yao no contexto da luta armada de independência de Moçambique que teve lugar de 25 de setembro de 1964 a 7 de setembro de 1974. Nesta luta os Yao integraram-se ao movimento armado dirigido pela FRENTE DE LIBERTAÇÃO DE MOÇAMBIQUE (FRELIMO), organização nacionalista moçambicana, contra o governo colonial português, tendo se destacado no desenvolvimento dos setores oriental e sul do Niassa e no que este governo designou de Estrada de Mataca. A participação Yao, documentada em fontes coloniais portuguesas, esteve diretamente ligada na importância geoestratégica que este corredor desempenhava ao interligar a Tanzânia, onde estava sediada a FRELIMO, as frentes militares do Niassa e o território do Malawi, pelo interior do Niassa, e os situou no interior do processo efetivo - político e militar - da disseminação do discurso nacionalista moçambicano. A análise da historiografia dos séculos XVIII, XIX e XX sobre os Yao permitiu observar a dinâmica do seu imaginário político que a despeito de suas experiências de poderio económico e militar e de dominação administrativa portuguesa demonstraram sua integração (não isenta de tensões e contradições) na luta armada de independência nacional do país. A pesquisa se baseou na documentação consultada no Arquivo Histórico de Moçambique, em Maputo, no Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo (ANTT) e no Arquivo Histórico Militar, ambos em Lisboa. / In this thesis, we present the contribution of the Yao population in the context of the armed struggle for independence of Mozambique that took place from September 25, 1964 to September 7, 1974. In this struggle, the Yao joined the armed movement led by the FRONT OF LIBERATION OF MOZAMBIQUE (FRELIMO), a Mozambican nationalist organization, against the Portuguese colonial government, having distinguished itself in the development of the eastern and southern sectors of Niassa and what this government has designated as the \"Mataca Road\". The Yao participation, documented in Portuguese colonial sources, was directly linked to the geostrategic importance that this corridor played in interconnecting Tanzania (where FRELIMO was based), the Niassa military fronts and the Malawian territory, through the interior of Niassa, which placed them within the effective process - political and military - of the dissemination of the Mozambican nationalist discourse. The analysis of the historiography of the eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth centuries on the Yao made it possible to observe the dynamics of his political imagination which, despite his experiences of economic and military power and Portuguese administrative domination, demonstrated his integration (not free of tensions and contradictions) in Armed struggle of the country\'s national independence. The research was based on the documentation consulted in the Mozambican Historical Archive in Maputo, in the National Archive of the Torre do Tombo (ANTT) and in the Historical Military Archive, both in Lisbon.

This study explores the phenomenon of "Mission Mobilisation" and formulation of a contextual approach toward a successful and effective Church Mission Mobilisation in Africa that results an active involvement of the local church in missions. Using a qualitative exploratory case study method, the study of "Church Mission Mobilisation: the case of WMC in the Niassa Province of Mozambique" has served as a practical way to engage with the subject. Hence, the study demonstrates that the absence of contextualisation of the content and approach used by westerners to mobilise local churches, has left most African churches without interest for missions or involvement of any nature. There is a need for a paradigm shift in the way church mission mobilisation is carried out in modern society (specifically African churches) in order to effectively get the whole church involved in missions. The study concludes with practical recommendations on how the issues raised through this study can be applied to a broader field than the Niassa Province of Mozambique. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology)

<p>The aim of this field study was to analyze, by taking into consideration the small farmers' perspective, the possibilities and obstacles for an implementation of a Green Revolution in southern Niassa, Northern Mozambique.</p><p>We also highlighted the following question:</p><p>In what sense are the findings in Asia, presented by Djurfeldt, relevant for the situation in southern Niassa?</p><p>The analytical framework used is based on the scheme developed by Nitsch and Åkesson. This scheme has been used to understand the small farmer's relationship toward the technology linked to the Green Revolution. The Green Revolution is a result of an initiative to resolve the food crisis by increasing crop yields and augmenting aggregate food supplies. By the 1970s it become known as a 'package' consisting of improved seeds, farm technology, better irrigation, and chemical fertilizers.</p><p>We have chosen to use Göran Djurfeldt's, a Swedish professor at the University of Lund, concept of the Green Revolution in Asia. Through his findings, he concludes that the success of the Green Revolution in this area is not only due to the technology but also that the strategy was a state-driven, small-farmer based, and market-mediated which arose due to particular domestic and geopolitical factors.</p><p>By taking this in consideration we conclude that neither the state, market nor the geopolitical context are working in favor of a Green Revolution in Mozambique, however the factors are vital if a Green Revolution will succeed in Niassa. The small farmers have to deal with many obstacles if a Green Revolution will be possible. To summarize the small farmer’s attitude toward the Green Revolution we look at the individual circumstances, the direct surrounding and the society in general. We first concluded that the small farmer does not have much knowledge about the Green Revolution. This makes it hard for her or him to have an opinion neither about it nor about the techniques related to the Green Revolution. Secondly, the small farmer have several reason to why she or he do not want to implement the Green Revolution, due to risk taking, tradition, former bad experiences with new technique etc. Thirdly, there are also numerous obstacles that hinder the small farmer to implement the Green Revolution technology. Those are the small farmer's health and time, the lack of extension workers, the international and the domestic agricultural politics, and the lack of inputs and credits etc.</p>

The aim of this field study was to analyze, by taking into consideration the small farmers' perspective, the possibilities and obstacles for an implementation of a Green Revolution in southern Niassa, Northern Mozambique. We also highlighted the following question: In what sense are the findings in Asia, presented by Djurfeldt, relevant for the situation in southern Niassa? The analytical framework used is based on the scheme developed by Nitsch and Åkesson. This scheme has been used to understand the small farmer's relationship toward the technology linked to the Green Revolution. The Green Revolution is a result of an initiative to resolve the food crisis by increasing crop yields and augmenting aggregate food supplies. By the 1970s it become known as a 'package' consisting of improved seeds, farm technology, better irrigation, and chemical fertilizers. We have chosen to use Göran Djurfeldt's, a Swedish professor at the University of Lund, concept of the Green Revolution in Asia. Through his findings, he concludes that the success of the Green Revolution in this area is not only due to the technology but also that the strategy was a state-driven, small-farmer based, and market-mediated which arose due to particular domestic and geopolitical factors. By taking this in consideration we conclude that neither the state, market nor the geopolitical context are working in favor of a Green Revolution in Mozambique, however the factors are vital if a Green Revolution will succeed in Niassa. The small farmers have to deal with many obstacles if a Green Revolution will be possible. To summarize the small farmer’s attitude toward the Green Revolution we look at the individual circumstances, the direct surrounding and the society in general. We first concluded that the small farmer does not have much knowledge about the Green Revolution. This makes it hard for her or him to have an opinion neither about it nor about the techniques related to the Green Revolution. Secondly, the small farmer have several reason to why she or he do not want to implement the Green Revolution, due to risk taking, tradition, former bad experiences with new technique etc. Thirdly, there are also numerous obstacles that hinder the small farmer to implement the Green Revolution technology. Those are the small farmer's health and time, the lack of extension workers, the international and the domestic agricultural politics, and the lack of inputs and credits etc.