Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:49:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarceloS_DISSERT.pdf: 3344512 bytes, checksum: a6ed717c2f82cdbe0c9dda1fc27ed564 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-28 / Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte / The genus Herpsilochmus is composed mainly of cryptic species, among them is Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus, which is currently represented by four subspecies: H. r. rufimarginatus, H. r. frater, H. r. scapularis and H. r. exiguus. Differences in plumage and vocalization suggest that there are more than one species involved in this complex. Thus this and other subspecific taxa need urgent revision, the disjunct distribution of this species also allows us to infer the relationship between birds that occur in this biome and / or different centers of endemism. This study aims to make a taxonomic revision of the taxa included in the complex time Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus based on morphological, morphometric, vocals and geographical distribution of this bird. Besides creating distribution models current potential and make the reconstruction of the distribution bygone using ecological niche modeling, and testing the niche conservatism and divergence between different subspecies. Consultations for examination of the skins of specimens of the museums: Museum of Zoology, University of S?o Paulo (MZUSP), National Museum of Rio de Janeiro (MN) and Emilio Goeldi Museum of Par? (MPEG), and the skins deposited at the collection of Ornithological Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (COUFRN). We studied the following measures length of specimens: exposed culmen, culmen and total culmen nostril, tarsus, wing and tail flattened. The voice analysis was performed with vocalizations banks and / or digital banks people where 17 voice parameters were measured. This information and more available in the literature were used to assemble a bunch of data under the limit distribution of taxa and generate ecological niche models. This analyzes carried out in the program Maxent, having as model selection criterion the AUC, and the models were greater than 0.80 are considered good models. Environmental data for the realization of the modeling were downloaded on the website of Worldclim. The morphometric information, vocals and geographic distribution point for the separation of these taxa to be considering various uni and multivariate analyzes. The potential distribution models performed well (AUC> 0.80), and its distribution associated with environmental characteristics of the Amazon forest and Atlantic forest (forests of south and southeast, northeast and forest). The reconstruction of the distribution indicates a possible contact between the southern part of the Atlantic forest in the northern part of the Amazon. The analysis of niche overlap showed a low overlap between taxa and comparisons between the null model and the generated overlay link probably occurring niche conservatism. The data suggest that the taxa that occur in the Amazon and Atlantic forest represent three distinct species / O g?nero Herpsilochmus ? composto principalmente por esp?cies cr?pticas, entre elas est? Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus, que atualmente ? representado por quatro subesp?cies: H. r. rufimarginatus, H. r. frater, H. r. scapularis e H. r. exiguus. Diferen?as na plumagem e vocaliza??o sugerem que existam mais de uma esp?cie envolvida nesse complexo. Sendo assim esse e outros t?xons subespec?ficos precisa de revis?o urgente, a distribui??o disjunta dessa esp?cie tamb?m possibilita inferir a rela??o entre essas aves que ocorrem em biomas e/ou centros de endemismos diferentes. Esse estudo tem como objetivo fazer a revis?o taxon?mica dos t?xons hora inclu?dos no complexo Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus com base em caracteres morfol?gicos, morfom?tricos, vocais e distribui??o geogr?fica dessa ave. Al?m criar modelos de distribui??o potencial atual e fazer a reconstru??o da distribui??o pret?rita usando modelagem de nicho ecol?gico, e testar o conservadorismo e diverg?ncia de nicho entre as diferentes subesp?cies. Foram realizadas consultas para exame das peles dos esp?cimes presentes nos museus: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de S?o Paulo (MZUSP), Museu Nacional (MN) e Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi (MPEG), e as peles depositadas na Cole??o de Ornitol?gica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (COUFRN). Foram verificadas as seguintes medidas de comprimento dos esp?cimes: culmen exposto, culmen total e culmen narina, tarso, asa achatada e cauda. A an?lise vocal foi realizada com vocaliza??es de bancos digitais e/ou de bancos pessoas, onde foram mensurados 17 par?metros vocais. Essas informa??es e mais as dispon?veis em literatura serviram para montar um bando de dados sob o limite de distribui??o dos t?xons e gerar os modelos de nicho ecol?gico. As an?lises realizadas no programa Maxent, tendo como crit?rio de sele??o de modelo os valores de AUC, sendo os modelos que tiveram valores maiores que 0,80 s?o considerados bons modelos. Os dados ambientais para realiza??o da modelagem foram baixados no site do WorldClim. As informa??es morfom?tricas, vocais e distribui??o geogr?fica apontam para a para a separa??o desses t?xons seja levando em considera??o an?lises multivariadas e uni variadas. Os modelos de distribui??o potencial tiveram bom desempenho (AUC > 0,80), sendo a sua distribui??o associada a caracter?sticas ambientais da floresta Amaz?nica e Mata Atl?ntica (florestas do sul e sudeste, e floresta do nordeste). A reconstru??o da distribui??o aponta um poss?vel contato entre a parte sul da Mata Atl?ntica com a parte norte da Amaz?nica. A an?lise de sobreposi??o de nicho apontou uma baixa sobreposi??o entre os t?xons e as compara??es entre modelo nulo e os gerados de sobreposi??o apontam provavelmente que ocorre conservadorismo de nicho. As informa??es sugerem que os t?xons que ocorrem na Amaz?nia e Mata Atl?ntica representam tr?s esp?cies distintas, sendo uma delas uma esp?cie n?o descrita

Submitted by PPG Zoologia (zoologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-08-01T18:22:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida MAB___TESE___VERS?O FINAL.pdf: 2953118 bytes, checksum: 99cbefa9c38c7969abce4bafc4b20d54 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-08-02T17:55:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida MAB___TESE___VERS?O FINAL.pdf: 2953118 bytes, checksum: 99cbefa9c38c7969abce4bafc4b20d54 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-02T18:39:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida MAB___TESE___VERS?O FINAL.pdf: 2953118 bytes, checksum: 99cbefa9c38c7969abce4bafc4b20d54 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Nonhuman primates (NHP) are susceptible to many arboviruses, including the yellow fever (YF) virus. Although native to Africa, this virus found susceptible NHP and competent mosquito vectors for maintaining its transmission in American forests. A high sensitivity of NHP to YF led health agencies to monitor these animals as a way of monitoring the disease in Brazil. The State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) began this surveillance in 2002, which has detected the arboviruses Oropouche and Saint Louis (SLEV) and a YF epizootic that killed more than 2,000 NHP (Alouatta caraya and A. guariba clamitans) between 2008 and 2009. The objectives of this PhD thesis research were to generate models of niche suitability for YF based on that epizootic and prospect arboviruses in NHP in northwestern RS. The maximum entropy algorithm - Maxent was used to generate distribution models of Alouatta spp. and the mosquito vector Haemagogus leucocelaenus. Together with climatic, topographic and vegetative variables, these models served as predictor layers to model the occurrence of the disease based on the points of death of NHP of YF. The most influential variables in the YF models were the variation in air humidity, distribution of Alouatta spp. and maximum wind speed followed by mean annual rainfall and maximum temperature. Therefore, support for the influence of the rainfall regime and the ambient temperature on the cycle of jungle YF was found. Wind speed and direction can play an important role in the dispersal of infected mosquitoes and, consequently, the virus. The models based on the occurrence of dead NHP in the first months of the epizootic identified suitable areas to where the disease spread a few months later. In addition, 19 arboviruses were prospected in 40 blood (viral isolation and PCR) and serum (hemagglutination inhibition and neutralization tests [NT]) samples collected from 26 black howler monkeys (A. caraya) belonging to three populations in four field campaigns in the municipality of Santo Ant?nio das Miss?es, RS, between 2014 and 2016. There was no detection of circulating virus, but antibodies to Flavivirus SLEV and Ilh?us and Phlebovirus Icoaraci was found by NT. Evidence of the contact with Ilh?us and Icoaraci are the southernmost records in Brazilian NHP. An increase in antibodies to SLEV detected between two consecutive captures of the same individual is compatible with a recent contact with the virus. An adult male captured in one of the areas presented concomitant infection by the Oropouche, SLEV and YF viruses by NT. Further studies are necessary to understand the role played by NHP and other vertebrates in the circulation of arboviruses in the region, to assess potential risks to NHP and public health, and to identify the driving forces responsible for the dispersal of the YF virus during epizootics in wildlife populations. / Os primatas n?o-humanos (PNH) s?o suscet?veis a diversos arbov?rus, incluindo o v?rus da febre amarela (FA). Embora origin?rio da ?frica, esse v?rus encontrou PNH suscet?veis e mosquitos vetores competentes para sua transmiss?o em matas nas Am?ricas. Uma alta sensibilidade dos PNH ? FA levou ?rg?os de sa?de a monitorar esses animais como forma de vigiar a doen?a no Brasil. O Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS) iniciou essa vigil?ncia em 2002, a qual detectou os arbov?rus Oropouche e Saint Louis (SLEV) e uma epizootia de FA que matou mais de 2000 PNH (Alouatta caraya e A. guariba clamitans) entre 2008 e 2009. A presente tese de doutorado teve como objetivos gerar modelos de adequabilidade ambiental para FA com base nessa epizootia e prospectar arbov?rus em PNH no noroeste do RS. Foi utilizado o algoritmo de m?xima entropia ? Maxent para gerar modelos de distribui??o de Alouatta spp. e do mosquito vetor Haemagogus leucocelaenus. Esses modelos serviram como camadas preditoras para, junto a vari?veis clim?ticas, topogr?ficas e vegetacionais, modelar a ocorr?ncia da doen?a baseada nos pontos de morte de PNH por FA. As vari?veis mais influentes nos modelos da FA foram a varia??o na umidade do ar, a distribui??o de Alouatta spp. e a velocidade m?xima dos ventos, seguidas pela precipita??o m?dia anual e a temperatura m?xima. Portanto, foi confirmado suporte para a influ?ncia do regime de chuvas e da temperatura ambiente no ciclo da FA silvestre. A velocidade e a dire??o do vento devem desempenhar um importante papel na dispers?o de mosquitos infectados e, consequentemente, do v?rus. Os modelos baseados na distribui??o espacial de PNH mortos nos primeiros meses da epizootia identificaram ?reas adequadas para onde a doen?a avan?ou poucos meses mais tarde. Tamb?m foram prospectados 19 arbov?rus em 40 amostras de sangue (isolamento viral e PCR) e soro (inibi??o da hemaglutina??o e testes de neutraliza??o [NT]) coletadas em quatro campanhas de campo entre 2014 e 2016 de 26 bugios-pretos (A. caraya) de tr?s popula??es no munic?pio de Santo Ant?nio das Miss?es, RS. N?o houve detec??o de v?rus circulante, mas sim de anticorpos para os Flavivirus SLEV e Ilh?us e o Phlebovirus Icoaraci por NT. As evid?ncias de contato com Ilh?us e Icoaraci s?o as primeiras em PNH no extremo sul do Brasil. Um aumento de anticorpos para SLEV detectado entre duas capturas consecutivas do mesmo indiv?duo ? compat?vel com um contato recente com o v?rus. Um macho adulto capturado em uma das ?reas apresentou infec??o concomitante pelos v?rus Oropouche, SLEV e FA por NT. Mais estudos s?o necess?rios para compreender o papel de PNH e outros vertebrados na circula??o de arbov?rus na regi?o, avaliar poss?veis riscos para PNH e a sa?de humana e identificar as for?as motrizes respons?veis pela dispers?o do v?rus da FA durante epizootias em popula??es selvagens.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-05-10T23:18:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AmarilysDantasBezerra_DISSERT.pdf: 744888 bytes, checksum: a2604c6f65b0d4a6ed5471c9361784ef (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-18T00:11:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AmarilysDantasBezerra_DISSERT.pdf: 744888 bytes, checksum: a2604c6f65b0d4a6ed5471c9361784ef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-18T00:11:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AmarilysDantasBezerra_DISSERT.pdf: 744888 bytes, checksum: a2604c6f65b0d4a6ed5471c9361784ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Um dos principais objetivos da ecologia ? entender os fatores que influenciam a forma??o e a estrutura das comunidades. V?rios trabalhos t?m apontado que os fatores ambientais e estoc?sticos s?o igualmente relevantes, embora suas import?ncias variem entre comunidades. Diferentes mecanismos parecem atuar em grupos de esp?cies distintos e em escalas distintas: a import?ncia do determinismo ecol?gico parece aumentar com o tamanho do organismo, com a progress?o da sucess?o ecol?gica e com o aumento da escala espacial e decrescer com o tamanho do prop?gulo e o tamanho do conjunto regional de esp?cies. Haveria tamb?m din?micas diferentes entre esp?cies raras e abundantes, sendo as esp?cies raras mais influenciadas pela estocasticidade que as abundantes. Neste trabalho investigamos a contribui??o dos efeitos ambientais, espaciais e relacionados aos eventos hist?ricos na estrutura de uma floresta mista subtropical e testamos as seguintes hip?teses: (1) Os fatores estoc?sticos, representados pela fra??o puramente espaciais, t?m maior influ?ncia nas comunidades rec?m impactadas (in?cio da sucess?o), enquanto que os fatores ambientais t?m maior influ?ncia nas n?o impactadas ou h? mais tempo em regenera??o; (2) A import?ncia relativa dos fatores espaciais ? maior na estrutura das esp?cies de grupos ecol?gicos com melhor capacidade dispersiva; (3) Os fatores hist?ricos e espaciais s?o mais impactantes para as esp?cies raras que para as esp?cies abundantes. Chegamos ? conclus?o que os fatores ambientais foram t?o importantes quanto os demais processos analisados para a defini??o da estrutura da comunidade. Tamb?m que os fatores ambientais, espacias e hist?ricos tiveram influ?ncias diferentes em grupos de esp?cies com estrat?gias ecol?gicas distintas e em ?reas com hist?ricos de pertuba??o diferentes. A inclus?o dos fatores hist?ricos demonstrou ser bastante relevante para o entendimento da estrutura da comunidade. Consideramos que a inclus?o dos principais fatores de pertuba??o nas an?lises pode aprofundar nosso entendimento dos processos ligados ? forma??o das comunidades ecol?gicas. / One of the main goals of the science of ecology is to uncover the factors that influence community assembly and structure. Recent research has pointed that both environmental and stochastic factors play an important role, although their relative importance change from one community to another. Distinct mechanisms seem to act on ecological species groups and on different spatial scales. In the present work we investigate the contribution of environmental, spatial and historical factors on the structure of a subtropical mixed forest. We tested the following hypotheses: (1) Stochasatic factors, represented by the purely spatial fraction of compositional variation, are more influential in recently impacted communities, while environmental factors are more influential in mature communities. (2) Stochastic factors are more strongly related to better dispersed ecological groups. (3) Historic and spatial factors prevail among rare species but not among abundant species. We found that environmental factors were as important as stochastic spatial factors in shaping community structure. Environmental, historical, and spatial factors had different relative importances in each of 5 ecological species groups. The inclusion of historical disturbance factors in community composition analysis can deepen our understanding of community assembly and structure.