Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-10-26T16:38:31Z No. of bitstreams: 2 cristiane_quiteria_caldeira.pdf: 12476477 bytes, checksum: e92c1b51c3011ca2f635955ffb2079b9 (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-10-26T16:39:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 cristiane_quiteria_caldeira.pdf: 12476477 bytes, checksum: e92c1b51c3011ca2f635955ffb2079b9 (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-26T16:39:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 cristiane_quiteria_caldeira.pdf: 12476477 bytes, checksum: e92c1b51c3011ca2f635955ffb2079b9 (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Objetivou-se neste trabalho, comparar diferentes substratos de biofiltro na recircula??o de ?gua na larvicultura de til?pia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Foram utilizadas 1200 larvas de uma mesma desova, com 10 dias ap?s a eclos?o, comprimento inicial de 11,58 mm e peso m?dio de 189 mg distribuidas em 20 aqu?rios com 6 L de ?gua (60 larvas/aqu?rio), em uma densidade de 10 larvas/L. As larvas foram submetidas a cinco tratamentos, quatro tipos de biofiltros internos compostos por: concha?brita, cascalho, porcelana, brita e um controle, sem biofiltro, distribu?das em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repeti??es. Os biofiltros compostos por concha/brita e porcelana obtiveram os melhores resultados em nitrato, nitrito e am?nia, indicando melhor efici?ncia no processo de biofiltra??o. A maior condutividade e pH porporcionada pelo concha/brita em rela??o ao porcelana, indica uma maior capacidade de tamponamento e manuten??o de qualidade de ?gua. O oxig?nio que n?o diferiu entre os tratamentos, esteve adequado para a esp?cie e para a recircula??o de ?gua. As sobreviv?ncias foram similares, mas verificou-se uma tend?ncia decrescente do concha/brita para a porcelana, cascalho, brita e sem substrato. Nos par?metros morfom?tricos, os biofiltros porcelana e cascalho diferenciaram dos demais tratamentos, apresentando os melhores resultados. Com os resultados obtidos, sugere-se a utiliza??o de biofiltro composto por porcelana ou concha/brita devido a maior efici?ncia nos par?metros limnol?gicos e morfom?tricos, associados a sobreviv?ncia na larvicultura de til?pias do Nilo. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2011. / ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to compare different substrates biofilter in recirculated water at the hatchery of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). 1200 larvae were used from the same spawn, with 10 days after hatching, initial length of 11.58 mm and average weight of 189 mg distributed in 20 aquariums with 6 L of water (60 larvae / aquarium) at a density of 10 larvae/L. Larvae were subjected to five treatments, four types of internal biofilters made of: shell?crushed stone, gravel, porcelain, crushed stone and a control without biofilter, distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications. The biofilter composed of shell/gravel and porcelain have the best results in nitrate, nitrite and ammonia, indicating greater efficiency in the process of biofiltration. The higher conductivity and pH by proportional shell/gravel over the porcelain, indicates a higher buffering capacity and maintenance of water quality. The oxygen did not differ between treatments, was suitable for the species and for water recirculation. The survivals were similar, but there was a downward trend in the shell/gravel for the porcelain, gravel, crushed stone and without substrate. In the morphometric parameters, the porcelain and gravel biofilters differed from other treatments, delivering the best results .With these results, we suggest the use of biofilter composed of porcelain or shell/gravel due to greater efficiency in limnological and morphometric parameters associated with survival in Nile tilapia hatchery.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-11-17T13:48:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 eglerson_duarte.pdf: 707090 bytes, checksum: 4f4380e4c6b75fa584a38534f80e0a54 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-11-17T13:49:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 eglerson_duarte.pdf: 707090 bytes, checksum: 4f4380e4c6b75fa584a38534f80e0a54 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-17T13:49:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 eglerson_duarte.pdf: 707090 bytes, checksum: 4f4380e4c6b75fa584a38534f80e0a54 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-25 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Banco do Nordeste do Brasil (BNB) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Objetivou-se com esse trabalho, avaliar a propor??o ideal de concha calc?ria/brita em biofiltro, no cultivo de p?s-larvas de til?pia do Nilo. O experimento foi realizado no Laborat?rio de Aquicultura da UFVJM, entre os dias 21 de julho e 3 de agosto de 2011. P?s-larvas de til?pia do Nilo na densidade de 13,3 p?s-larvas/L foram cultivadas em aqu?rios contendo biofiltros com 100% concha calc?rias; 70% concha calc?ria/30% brita; 50% concha calc?ria/50% brita; 30% concha calc?ria/70% brita; 10% concha calc?ria/90% brita; 100% brita e como controle, aqu?rio sem biofiltro, em DIC, totalizando sete tratamentos com tr?s repeti??es. Os dados limnol?gicos e biom?tricos foram submetidos ? ANOVA e as m?dias foram comparadas pelo teste de Duncan com p?0,05. Para comparar os tratamentos que evolveram uma propor??o concha calc?ria/brita, foi feita uma an?lise de regress?o considerando n?vel de signific?ncia de 5%. Todas as concentra??es de concha calc?ria/brita apesar de n?o influenciarem nos par?metros morfol?gicos, mantiveram as condi??es da ?gua adequadas para o cultivo de til?pia do Nilo, com exce??o dos n?veis de am?nia, que em sua grande maioria, apresentaram-se acima da concentra??o recomendada para til?pias. Entretanto a n?o toxicidade aparente da am?nia, no presente trabalho, pode estar relacionada aos valores de pH, que se mantiveram pr?ximos do neutro possibilitando uma menor toxicidade do ?on am?nio. A propor??o 30% de concha calc?ria e 70% de brita ? recomendada como substrato de biofiltro, por apresentar a melhor taxa de nitrifica??o ao longo do experimento. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2011. / ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the optimal ratio of calcareous shell /gravel in biofilter, in the cultivation of post-larvae of Nile tilapia. The experiment was conducted at the UFVJM?s Laboratory of Aquaculture, between July 21 and August 3, 2011. Post-larvae of Nile tilapia in the density of 13.3 post larvae/L were grown in aquariums containing biofilters with 100% calcareous shell, 70% calcareous shell/30% gravel, 50% calcareous shell/50% gravel, 30% calcareous shell/70% gravel, 10% calcareous shell/90% gravel and 100% gravel; and as control sample, a aquarium without biofilter in DIC, summing seven treatments with three replications. Limnological and biometric data were submitted to ANOVA and measurements were compared by Duncan test at p?0.05. To compare the treatments that have evolved a proportion of calcareous shell/gravel, there has been carried out a regression analysis considering a significance level of 5%. All concentrations of calcareous shell/gravel did not influence negatively on morphological parameters and kept water conditions suitable for the cultivation of Nile tilapia, except for the observed levels of ammonia, which were mostly above the recommended for tilapia. However, the apparent non-toxicity of ammonia in the present study may be related to pH values, which remained close to neutral allowing a lower toxicity of the ammonium ion. The proportion of 30% calcareous shell and 70% gravel substrate is recommended as biofilter for presenting the best rate of nitrification during the experiment.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:03:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TatianaCD_DISSERT.PDF: 3494650 bytes, checksum: b64da14488429ca5572f84e37365b101 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-06 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This study investigates a new treatment system of wastewater by anaerobic and aerobic biological filters for nitrogen modification. The main objective of this study was evaluate, on a pilot scale, quantitatively and qualitatively the bacterian nitrifying community in a experimental sewage treatment system made by aerobics biological filters in series, in search of figure out the dynamic of nitrogen modification process. It was collected and laboratorial analysed microbiologically, regarding NMP of Nitrosomonas e Nitrobacter, and physical-chemically considering nitrogen sequence. We conclude that: the association in aerobic biological filters under nutrition controlled conditions and oxygen level allows the appearance of bacterian community responsible for the nitrogen modification; the method used, despite its limitations, provided the selection of autotrophic nitrifying microorganisms, allowing the identification of Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter; the flow direction tested in the experimental unit did not affect the nitrifying bacterial community, certainly because they were kept drowned and did not occur flow speed that could breake the formed biomass; the nitrification process happened in aerated biological filters in all phases of the research, comproved by microbiological tests; in the third phase of the research the increase of the oxygen rate was significant for the nitrificant bacterian community in the aerate biological filters, allowing its growth, occurring relation between the efficiency of nitrification system and the quantity of organisms responsible for this process; the conduit used in aerated biological filters showed satisfactory performance support material to the nitrifying bacteria development / Neste estudo foi pesquisado um novo sistema de tratamento de efluente com filtros biol?gicos anaer?bios e aer?bios, visando a transforma??o das formas de nitrog?nio. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, em escala piloto, quantitativamente e qualitativamente a comunidade bacteriana nitrificante em um sistema de tratamento de esgoto experimental composto por filtros biol?gicos submersos aerados em s?rie, para compreender a din?mica no processo de transforma??o de nitrog?nio. Para tal, foram feitas coletas e an?lises laboratoriais tanto microbiol?gicas, no que diz respeito ? NMP de Nitrosomonas e Nitrobacter, quanto f?sico-qu?micas, com rela??o ? seq??ncia nitrogenada. Diante dos resultados obtidos p?de-se concluir que: a associa??o em s?rie de filtros biol?gicos aer?bio sob condi??es controladas de nutri??o e n?vel de oxig?nio permitiu a forma??o da comunidade bacteriana respons?vel pela transforma??o de nitrog?nio; o m?todo utilizado, apesar de suas limita??es, propiciou a sele??o de microorganismos autotr?ficos nitrificantes, permitindo a identifica??o de Nitrosomonas e Nitrobacter; os sentidos de fluxo testados na unidade experimental n?o influenciaram a comunidade bacteriana nitrificante, certamente porque foram mantidos afogados e n?o ocorreu velocidade de fluxo capaz de cisalhar a biomassa formada; o processo de nitrifica??o ocorreu nos filtros biol?gicos aerados em todas as fases da pesquisa, tendo sido isto comprovado pelos exames microbiol?gicos; na terceira fase da pesquisa o aumento da taxa de oxigena??o foi significativo para a comunidade bacteriana nitrificante nos filtros biol?gicos aerados, favorecendo seu crescimento, havendo desta forma rela??o entre a efici?ncia do sistema na nitrifica??o e a quantidade de organismos respons?veis por esse processo; os an?is de eletroduto utilizado nos filtros biol?gicos aerados mostraram desempenho satisfat?rio como material suporte para o desenvolvimento bacteriano nitrificante

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:03:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RaulysonFA_DISSERT.pdf: 2784918 bytes, checksum: f9eec0ac84786bd83f2f7e5f5d700dcc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-06 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Although the good performance in organic matter and suspended solids removal, the anaerobic reactors are unable to remove ammonia nitrogen from sewage, which makes indispensable to include a step of post-treatment for removal of ammonia or nitrate as necessary. This paper presents the performance of a new variant technology, where the nitrification unit, preceded by anaerobic units, is a submerged aerated biological filter, without continuous sludge discharge in their daily operation. The oxygenation system is very simple and inexpensive, consisting of perforated hoses and compressors. The anaerobic reactors are a septic tank with two chambers followed (8.82 m?) and two parallel anaerobic filters (36 m? each) filled with ceramic bricks and conics plastic parts. Both followed aerated filters were filled with cut corrugated conduit. The study evaluated the behavior of the system with constant domestic sewage flow (10 m?/d) and different aeration conditions, are these: stage 01, when applied air flow of 0.01 m? air/min in both aerated filter; stage 02, remained in the initial air flow rate in the second aerated filter and increased at the first to 0.05 m? air/min; at last, at last, in stage 03, the air flow rate of first aerated filter was 0.10 m? air/min and on the second remained at 0.01 m? air/min. The filter FA1 received load of 0.41 kg COD/m?.d, 0.37 kg COD/m?.d and 0.26 kg COD/m?.d on phases 01, 02 and 03, respectively. The FA2 received loads of 0.25 kg COD/m?.d, 0.18 kg COD/m?.d and 0.14 kg COD/m?.d on phases 01, 02 and 03, respectively. During stage 01, were found the following results: 98% removals of BODtotal and 92% of CODtotal, with effluent presenting 9 mg/L of BODtotal final average and 53 mg/L of CODtotal average; suspended solids removals of 93%, with a mean concentration of 10 mg/L in the final effluent; 47% reduction of ammonia of FA2 to FAN 's, presenting average of 28 mg NNH3/ L of ammonia in the effluent with; the dissolved oxygen levels always remained around 2.0 mg/L. During stage 02, were found removals of 97% and 95% to BODtotal and suspended solids, respectively, with average final concentrations of 8 and 7 mg/L, respectively; was removed 60% of ammonia, whose final concentration was 16.3 mg NNH3/ L, and nitrate was increased to a final average concentration of 16.55 mg N-NO3/L. Finally, the stage 03 provided 6 mg/L of DBOtotal (98% removal) and 23 mg/L of CODtotal (95% removal) of final effluent concentrations average. At this stage was identified the higher ammonia oxidation (86%), with final effluent showing average concentration of 6.1 mg N-NH3/L, reaching a minimum of 1.70 mg N-NH3/L. In some moments, during stage 03, there was a moderate denitrification process in the last aerated filter. The average turbidity in the effluent showed around 1.5 NTU, proving the good biomass physical stability. Therefore, the results demonstrate the submerged biological filters potential, filled with high void ratio material (98%), and aerated with hoses and compressor adoption, in the carbonaceous and nitrogenous matter oxidation, also generating an effluent with low concentration of solids / Apesar de bom desempenho no tocante ? remo??o de mat?ria org?nica e s?lidos suspensos, os reatores anaer?bios s?o incapazes de remover nitrog?nio amoniacal dos esgotos, o que torna indispens?vel a inclus?o de uma etapa de p?s-tratamento para a remo??o da am?nia ou do nitrato, sempre que necess?rio. Neste trabalho ? apresentado o desempenho de uma nova variante tecnol?gica, em que a unidade de nitrifica??o, precedida por unidades anaer?bias, ? um filtro biol?gico submerso aerado, sem cont?nuas descargas de lodo em sua opera??o cotidiana. O sistema de oxigena??o ? muito simples e de baixo custo, constitu?do por mangueiras perfuradas e compressores. Os reatores anaer?bios s?o um decanto-digestor de duas c?maras em s?rie (8,82 m?) e dois filtros anaer?bios em paralelo (cada um com 3,36 m?) preenchidos com tijolo cer?mico e pe?as pl?sticas c?nicas. Os dois filtros aerados, em s?rie, foram preenchidos com eletrodutos corrugados cortados. No estudo avaliou-se o comportamento do sistema com vaz?o de esgoto dom?stico constante (10 m?/d) e diferentes condi??es de aera??o, quais sejam: fase 01, quando se aplicou vaz?o de 0,01 m? ar/min nos dois filtros aerados; fase 02, manteve-se a vaz?o inicial no segundo filtro aerado e aumentou a do primeiro para 0,05 m? ar/min; por fim, na fase 03, a vaz?o do primeiro filtro aerado foi 0,10 m? ar/min e a do segundo permaneceu ainda em 0,01 m? ar/min. O filtro FA1 recebeu carga de 0,41 kg DQO/m?.d, 0,37 kg DQO/m?.d e 0,26 kg DQO/m?.d nas fases 0,1, 02 e 03, respectivamente. O FA2 recebeu cargas de 0,25 kg DQO/m?.d, 0,18 kg DQO/m?.d e 0,14 kg DQO/m?.d nas fases 01, 02 e 03, respectivamente. Durante a fase 01, foram observados os seguintes resultados: remo??es de 98% de DBOtotal e 92% de DQOtotal, com efluente apresentando DBOtotal m?dia final de 9 mg/L e DQOtotal m?dia de 53 mg/L; remo??o em torno de 93% de s?lidos suspensos, com concentra??o m?dia de 10 mg/L no efluente final; redu??o de 47% de am?nia do FA2/FAN s, apresentando am?nia no efluente final com m?dia de 28 mg N-NH3/L; os n?veis de oxig?nio dissolvido sempre mantiveram-se em torno de 2,0 mg/L. Durante a fase 02, foram verificados para DBOtotal e s?lidos suspensos remo??es de 97% e 95%, respectivamente, com concentra??es finais m?dias de 8 e 7 mg/L, respectivamente; o nitrog?nio amoniacal foi removido em 60%, cuja concentra??o final foi de 16,3 mg N-NH3/L, e o nitrato foi incrementado para uma concentra??o m?dia final de 16,55 mg N-NO3 -/L. Por fim, a fase 03 proporcionou efluente com concentra??es finais m?dias de 6 mg/L de DBOtotal (remo??o de 98%) e 23 mg/L de DQOtotal (remo??o de 95%). Nesta fase foi identificada a maior oxida??o de nitrog?nio amoniacal (86%), com efluente final apresentando concentra??o m?dia de 6,1 mg NNH3/ L, chegando a alcan?ar m?nimo de 1,70 mg N-NH3/L. Em alguns momentos, na fase 03, verificou-se um moderado processo de desnitrifica??o no ?ltimo filtro aerado. A turbidez m?dia no efluente final se mostrou da ordem de 1,5 NTU, comprovando a boa estabilidade f?sica da biomassa. Portanto, os resultados demonstram o potencial dos filtros biol?gicos submersos, preenchidos com material de elevado ?ndice de vazios (98%), e aerados com uso de mangueiras e compressor, na oxida??o de mat?ria carbon?cea e nitrogenada, gerando tamb?m um efluente com baixa concentra??o de s?lidos

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:03:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WelitonFBF_DISSERT.pdf: 2010897 bytes, checksum: 9145c54f00922f08967d3beb644f5f73 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The improper disposal of nitrogen in receiving water courses causes problems such as toxicity to living beings through the consumption of oxygen to meet the nitrogen demand, eutrophication and nitrate contamination of aquifers. For this reason it is often necessary to be carried out complementary treatment of wastewater to eliminate or reduce the concentration of this compound in the wastewater. The objective of this study is to evaluate the biological removal of nitrogen compounds using submerged aerated and anoxic filters as post-treatment of an anaerobic system, with low cost and innovative technology, which in previous studies has shown high removal efficiency of organic matter and great potential biological nitrogen compounds removal. The simple design with perforated hoses for air distribution and filling with plastic parts proved to be very efficient in relation to organic matter removal and nitrification. The system presented, in the best stage, efficiency in converting ammonia to nitrate by 71%, and produced a final effluent concentration below 10 mg / L of NH3-N. In addition, carbon concentration was removed by 77%, producing final effluent with 24 mg/L COD. However, denitrification in anoxic filter was not effective even with the addition of an external carbon source. There was a reduction of up to 56% of nitrogen caused by the process of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND). The high voids space presented by this type of support material coupled with direct aeration of the sludge, allows the respiration of biomass retained between the endogenous phase, increased cell retention time and sludge retention capacity, producing a final effluent with turbidity less than 5 UT and total suspended solids around 5.0 mg/L / A disposi??o inadequada do nitrog?nio em corpos receptores gera problemas como: toxicidade para seres vivos; consumo de oxig?nio do meio para atender a demanda nitrogenada; eutrofiza??o; e contamina??o dos aqu?feros por nitrato. Por esta raz?o ? muitas vezes necess?rio que seja realizado tratamento complementar dos esgotos para eliminar, ou reduzir, a concentra??o deste composto nas ?guas residu?rias. O objetivo deste trabalho ? avaliar a remo??o biol?gica dos compostos nitrogenados utilizando filtros aerados submersos como p?s-tratamento de um sistema anaer?bio, com tecnologia inovadora, de baixo custo, que em estudos anteriores demonstrou grande efici?ncia na remo??o de mat?ria org?nica carbon?cea e grande potencial na remo??o biol?gica de compostos nitrogenados. A forma simples como o sistema foi concebido, com mangueiras perfuradas para distribui??o do ar e preenchimento com pe?as pl?sticas - condu?te cortado - mostrou-se bastante eficiente em rela??o ? remo??o de mat?ria org?nica e na nitrifica??o. O sistema apresentou, na melhor fase, efici?ncia na convers?o de nitrog?nio amoniacal em nitrato de 71%, e produziu efluente final com concentra??o de N-NH3 inferior a 10 mg/L. Al?m disso, observou-se uma redu??o de 77% na concentra??o de carbono, produzindo efluente final com 24 mg/L de DQO. Contudo a desnitrifica??o no filtro an?xico n?o se mostrou eficiente mesmo com a adi??o de uma fonte externa de carbono. Mesmo assim observou-se redu??o de at? 56% do nitrog?nio causado pelo processo de Nitrifica??o e Desnitrifica??o Simult?neas (SND). O grande ?ndice de vazios apresentado por este tipo de material suporte aliado ? aera??o direta do lodo, permite que a respira??o da biomassa retida entre na fase end?gena, aumentado o tempo de reten??o celular e a capacidade de reten??o de lodo, produzindo um efluente final com turbidez inferior a 5 UT e SST em torno de 5,0 mg/L