3-Cyanopropyl(diphenyl)phosphine was synthesized from chloro(diphenyl)phosphine and 4-chlorobutyronitrile. This new ligand, along with (C6H5)2PCH2CN and (C6H5)2PCH2CH(CH3)CN were reacted with Re(CO)5X (X=Cl,Br) in 1:1 and 1:2.5 (metal:ligand) mole ratios.For all ligands, complexes with the stoichiometry Re(CO)3L2X were isolated from the 1:2.5 mole ratio reactions. Spectroscopic data suggest that the CO groups are facial and the ligands cis to each other.For all ligands, complexes with the stoichiometry Re2(CO)6L2X2 were isolated from the 1:1 mole ratio reactions. Spectroscopic evidence suggests that all the complexes are ligand bridged dimers which utilize the phosphorus and nitrogen lone pairs of the ligand.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

No description available.

Thèse (M.Sc.)--Université Laval, 2008 . / Bibliogr.: f. 102-132. Publié aussi en version électronique dans la Collection Mémoires et thèses électroniques.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 1999. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 169 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 81 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:55:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:05:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:55:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:05:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Em um cenário nacional de grandes dificuldades orçamentárias, soluções criativas que conjuguem os esforços de instituições em prol de uma finalidade comum são sempre desejáveis. Neste trabalho, analisa-se o desenvolvimento de fibras de carbono de alto desempenho para aplicação em ultracentrífugas nucleares e o projeto de Pesquisa Cooperativa que o viabilizou. A fibra de carbono com as características necessárias a empreendimentos desse tipo é um insumo de grande complexidade tecnológica. A produção é concentrada em alguns poucos produtores mundiais e seu comércio é alvo de restrições e salvaguardas internacionais. Não há produção no Brasil. É considerada material de uso dual, ou seja, pode ter tanto aplicações exclusivamente civis, como militares. A Marinha do Brasil utiliza essa fibra na fabricação de ultracentrífugas nucleares, nas quais materiais que conjuguem leveza, rigidez e resistência de alto nível são extremamente desejáveis, pois aumentam a eficiência na separação isotópica. Sua fibra de carbono, importada, é baseada na poliacrilonitrila (PAN), comercialmente mais difundida, mais barata e utilizada em aplicações similares. A necessidade de desenvolvimento nacional é decorrência de dificuldades em sua aquisição. Para tanto, foi organizada uma parceria de pesquisa entre o Centro Tecnológico da Marinha (CTMSP), a UNICAMP, a USP e a empresa RADICIFIBRAS, com apoio financeiro de uma agência governamental (FINEP), para a produção nacional de fibra de carbono baseada na PAN. A pesquisa realizada identificou as práticas de sucesso alcançadas, bem como os referenciais teóricos de Projetos de Pesquisa Cooperativa. / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

No presente estudo, uma triagem foi realizada com 12 fungos marinhos Penicillium miczynskii CBMAI 930, Penicillium raistriicki CBMAI 931, Aspergillus sydowii CBMAI 933, Aspergillus sydowii CBMAI 934, Aspergillus sydowii CBMAI 935, Bionectria sp. CBMAI 936, Penicillium oxalicum CBMAI 1185, Penicillium citrinum CBMAI 1186, Penicillium decaturense CBMAI 1234, Penicillium raistriicki CBMAI 1235, Cladosporium sp. CBMAI 1237 e Aspergillus sydowii CBMAI 1241 para avaliar o potencial enzimático destes micro-organismos frente à fenilacetonitrila 1. Estes micro-organismos foram isolados de esponjas e alga coletadas do litoral norte do estado de São Paulo. A triagem foi realizada em meio sólido mineral suplementado com glicose e fenilacetonitrila 1 como única fonte de nitrogênio. Dentre os fungos, 8 adaptaram-se muito bem ao substrato 1 nas respectivas quantidades 5 µL (0,04 mmol), 10 µL (0,08 mmol) e 15 µL (0,12 mmol). Em seguida, a triagem foi realizada em meio líquido (20 µL (0,17 mmol), 40 µL (0,35 mmol) e 60 µL (0,50 mmol) de fenilacetonitrila 1 e obteve um bom crescimento de massa micelial dos fungos. Experimentos realizados na ausência de fenilacetonitrila 1, tanto em meio sólido, quanto em meio líquido, não promoveram o crescimento microbiano, evidenciando que as enzimas capazes de hidrolisarem nitrilas presente no sistema catalítico são construtivas. A fenilacetonitrila 1 foi biotransformada ao ácido 2-(2-hidroxifenil)acético 1b (51% pelo fungo A. sydowii CBMAI 934) por todos os fungos adaptados. Devido ao bom crescimento do fungo A. sydowii CBMAI 934 em meio mineral sólido e líquido na presença de fenilacetonitrila 1, este fungo foi selecionado para promover reações de hidrólise frente a diferentes organonitrilas, arilcetonitrilas: 4-fluorofenilacetonitrila 2, 4-clorofenilacetonitrila 3, 4-metoxifenilacetonitrila 4, 2-metilfenilacetonitrila 5, 3-metilfenilacetonitrila 6, 4-metilfenilacetonitrila 7 aos seus correspondentes ácidos carboxílicos 4-fluorofenilacético 2a (51%), 4-clorofenilacético 3a (55%), 4-metoxifenilacético 4a (43%), 2-metilfenilacético 5a (76%), 3-metilfenilacético 6a (52%) e 4-metilfenilacético 7a (46%), em nitrila alifática, 2-(1-ciclo-hexen-1-il)acetonitrila 8 ao ácido 2-(1-ciclo-hexen-1-il)acético 8a (28%) e nitrila hetero-aromática, 2-cianopiridina 19 a 2-piridinamida 19a. As reações foram acompanhadas por GC-FID e os produtos de biotransformações foram isolados e caracterizados por GC-MS, HRMS, RMN de 1H e de 13C. Este trabalho envolveu o primeiro estudo frente à biotransformação de nitrilas por micro-organismos de origem marinha. / In the present study, a screening of 12 marine fungi Penicillium miczynskii CBMAI 930, Penicillium raistriicki CBMAI 931, Aspergillus sydowii CBMAI 933, Aspergillus sydowii CBMAI 934, Aspergillus sydowii CBMAI 935, Bionectria sp. CBMAI 936, Penicillium oxalicum CBMAI 1185, Penicillium citrinum CBMAI 1186, Penicillium decaturense CBMAI 1234, Penicillium raistriicki CBMAI 1235, Cladosporium sp. CBMAI 1237 and Aspergillus sydowii CBMAI 1241 was done in order to evaluate the enzymatic potential of these microorganisms in phenylacetonitrile 1. These microorganisms were isolated from sponges and algae collected at the north shore of Sao Paulo State. The screening was carried out in solid mineral medium supplemented with glucose and phenylacetonitrile 1 as the only source of nitrogen. Among the fungi, 8 adapted to the subtract really well 5 µL (0,04 mmol), 10 µL (0,09 mmol) and 15 µL (0,13 mmol). Afterwards, a screening was carried out in liquid medium 20 µL (0,17 mmol), 40 µL (0,35 mmol) and 60 µL (0,50 mmol) of phenylacetonitrile 1) and a great mass of the fungi was obtained. The phenylacetonitrile 1 was biotransformed in the acid 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetic 1b (51% by the fungus A. sydowii CBMAI 934) by all the adapted fungi. Experiments carried out without phenylacetonitrile 1, both in solid and liquid media did not show microbial growth. Enzymes which hydrolyzed nitriles present in the catalytic system were constructive. Due to the good growth rate of the fungus A. sydowii CBMAI 934 in solid and liquid mineral media in presence of phenylacetonitrile 1, this fungus was selected to promote hydrolysis reactions in different organonitriles, arylacetonitriles: 4-fluorophenylacetonitrile 2, 4-chlorophenylacetonitrile 3, 4-methoxyphenylacetonitrile 4, 2-methylphenylacetonitrile 5, 3-methylphenylacetonitrile 6, 4-methylphenylacetonitrile 7 in their corresponding carboxylic acids 4-fluorophenylacetic 2a (51%), 4-chlorophenylacetic 3a (55%), 4-methoxyphenylacetic 4a (43%), 2-methylphenylacetic 5a (76%), 3-methylphenylacetic 6a (52%) and 4-methylphenylacetic 7a (46%), aliphatic nitrile 2-(1-cyclohexen-1-yl)acetonitrile 8 to 2-(1-cyclohexen-1-yl)acetic acid 8a (28%) and heteroaromatic nitrile 2-cyanopiridine 19 to 2-pyridinecarboxamides 19a. The reactions were monitored by GC-FID and the biotransformation products were isolated and characterized by GC-MS, HRMS and 1H and 13C NMR. This work involved the first study on the biotransformation of nitriles by marine microorganisms.

La réaction de Kulinkovich, découverte en 1989, permet la transformation d’esters encyclopropanols par réaction avec un complexe oléfinique de titane. Cette réaction a été appliquée en 2001 à la conversion des nitriles en cyclopropylamines primaires.Nous avons tout d’abord effectué une étude de la cyclopropanation asymétrique d’un cyanoester par un complexe chiral de titane. Une méthode d’évaluation rapide de l’induction asymétrique de ligands chiraux a été mise au point, et a permis de réaliser un screening dediols chiraux. Les meilleurs résultats ont été obtenus avec le TADDOL, qui a fourni des excès énantiomériques moyens, mais notre méthode d’évaluation reste un atout pour l’évaluation d’autres types de ligands chiraux.Une méthode originale de formation de 1,4-dicétones via un complexe oléfinique de titane a été découverte puis optimisée, et ses limites ont été explorées. La préparation des 1,4-dicétones s’effectue en deux étapes à partir d’acides carboxyliques avec des rendements modestes à satisfaisants. L’utilisation de réactifs peu coûteux et peu toxiques ainsi que la grande diversité structurale accessible rendent notre méthode de synthèse compétitive vis-àvis de celles décrites dans la littérature.Plusieurs études réalisées précédemment par notre équipe ont permis de synthétiser de façon exclusive les isomères (Z) de divers 2,3-méthanoaminoacides. Nous avons développé au cours de cette thèse une voie de synthèse des isomères (E) et (Z) de la 2,3-méthanolysineprotégés de façon orthogonale, via la cyclopropanation diastéréosélective d’une cyanhydrinebenzylée. La flexibilité de cette stratégie permet d’envisager la préparation des isomères (E)et (Z) de nombreux autres analogues contraints d’acides aminés. / The Kulinkovich reaction, discovered in 1989, allows the titanium-mediatedtransformation of esters into cyclopropanols using Grignard reagents. This reaction wasextended to other substrates, notably nitriles which afford primary cyclopropylamines. First, a study of the asymmetric cyclopropanation of a cyanoester using a chiral titaniumcomplex has been carried out. A method allowing the fast assessment of the asymmetricinduction of chiral ligands has been worked out, and used to conduct a screening of chiraldiols. The best results were obtained with the original TADDOL, which furnished averageenantiomeric excesses, but our method remains an asset for the evaluation of other types ofchiral ligand.An original method for the formation of 1,4-diketones using an olefinic titanium complexhas been discovered, optimized, and explored. We established that 1,4-diketones are availablein two steps from carboxylic acids with modest to correct yields. The use of inexpensive andminimally toxic reagents as well as an access to a vast structural diversity allow our method tobe competitive beside those reported in literature.Several studies carried out previously by our team allowed the exclusive synthesis of the(Z) isomers of various 2,3-methanoaminoacids. In this present work, we developped asynthetic pathway towards (E) and (Z) isomers of orthogonaly protected 2,3-methanolysine,using the diastereoselective cyclopropanation of a benzylated cyanhydrin as key reaction. Theflexibility of this strategy allows to consider the preparation of (E) and (Z) isomers of variousother constrained aminoacid analogues.

Au cours de nos différents travaux sur les réactions de cyclisations électrophiles diastéréosélectives 5-endo d’hydroxamates insaturés par l’hexafluorophosphate de bromo biscollidine (HBB). Nous avons constaté la formation d’imidates cycliques et nous avons mis en évidence un réarrangement lactames-imidates. Une fragmentation de type Beckman aboutissant à la formation d’une famille de cyano énones, anisi qu’une nouvelle formation d’imidates a été étudiée.Dans l’introduction générale, nous avons rapporté différents exemples d’halolactonisations électrophiles 5-endo et 5-exo, énantio et diastériosélectives rapportés dans la littérature, ainsi que les facteurs influençant la régio et la diastereoselectivité de ces cyclisations.Dans le premier chapitre, après un rappel bibliographique sur les différentes synthèses de lactames à partir de différents substrats par cyclisation électrophile, nous avons présenté nos propres travaux.Le traitement d’hydroxamates β, γ−éthyléniques γ-disubstitués avec de l’hexafluorophosphate de bromo bis(sym-collidine) dans du dichlorométhane aboutit à la formation de lactames et d’imidates cycliques. On a pu confirmer par des études RMN, l’existence d’un réarrangement lactame-imidate cyclique.Dans une deuxième partie, nous avons étudié la diastereosélectivité de la cyclisation. A cet effet, des hydroxamates optiquement actifs ont été synthétisés via la méthodologie développée par Evans. Dans tous les cas, un seul produit, un bromo-imidate cyclique optiquement actif est obtenu.Dans le deuxième chapitre, l’étude de la réaction de cyclisation des hydroxamates β, γ−éthyléniques γ-monosubstitués avec HBB, nous a permis de mettre en évidence une fragmentation de type Beckmann. Cette dernière est améliorée par réaction des produits de cyclisation avec de la triethylamine. On a généralisé cette fragmentation en l’appliquant à différents substrats.Enfin, dans le troisième chapitre, après une étude bibliographique sur la synthèse d’imidates et leurs utilités en synthèse organique, on a synthétisé des imidates β, γéthyléniques, afin de les utiliser comme substrats dans la réaction de cyclisation éléctrophile utilisant HBB. Dans ce cas aussi, la formation d’imines cycliques est constatée. / This work deals with the 5-endo halogeno electrophilic cyclization reactions of β,γ-ethylenic hydroxamates to give halolactames and halo cyclic iminolactones.In the first chapter, the reaction of γ-disubstituted β,γ-unsaturated hydroxamates with bis(collidine)bromine(I) hexafluorophosphate is studied. This type of reaction led mainly to the formation of bromo cyclic imidates, which were the thermodynamic products. Unsaturated cyclic imidates were then obtained by reaction with triethylamine. A lactame-iminolactone rearrangement was obtained during those reactions. In a next step we decided to study the diastereoselectivity of the reaction, using optically actif hydroxamates. In the second chapter, we decided to study the reaction of bis(collidine)bromine(I) hexafluorophosphate with γ-aryl β,γ-unsaturated hydroxamates, the corresponding bromo cyclic imidates were also obtained. However, by reaction with triethylamine, these compounds led with good yields, to the formation of 3-cyano-2-propen-1-ones by a Beckmann type fragmentation reaction. In the third chapter, the reaction of γ-mono and disubstituted β,γ-unsaturated imidates with bis(collidine)bromine(I) hexafluorophosphate is studied. The results that we obtained were not sufficient enough to understand the electrophilic cyclization mechanism of these types of substrates.