Dissertation--Bonn, 1894. / Contient le fac-similé de la thèse "Die südarabische Sage" soutenue en 1894 à Bonn.

No description available.

Autophagy is a physiological process by which the cell eliminates damaged organelles, toxic agents, and long-lived proteins by degradation through lysosomal system. Mitophagy, the specific autophagic elimination of mitochondria, regulates mitochondrial number to match metabolic demand and is a core machinery of quality control to remove damaged mitochondria. A neuroprotective role of physiological autophagy/mitophagy has been discovered. However, recent studies suggested that highly accelerated autophagy/mitophagy might contribute to neuronal death in various pathological situations including cerebral ischemia. In this study, we aimed to investigate the activation of excessive autophagy, particularly, the more specific mitophagy, in neuronal tissues and its contribution to ischemia/hypoxia (I/H)-induced delayed neuronal death. I/H injury was induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) followed by reperfusion (RP) on primary cortical neurons in vitro. Cerebral ischemia was induced by unilateral common carotid artery occlusion and hypoxia in neonatal mice in vivo. In order to determine the extent to which autophagy contributes to neuronal death in cerebral ischemia, we performed multiple methods and found that in both primary cortical neurons and SH-SY5Y cells exposed to OGD for 6 h and RP for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively, an increase of autophagy was observed as determined by the increased ratio of LC3-II to LC3-I and Beclin 1 expression. Using Fluoro-Jade C and monodansylcadaverine double-staining, and electron microscopy we found the increment in autophagy after OGD/RP was accompanied by increased autophagic cell death, and this increased cell death was inhibited by the specific autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine. The presence of large autolysosomes and numerous autophagosomes in cortical neurons were confirmed by electron microscopy. Autophagy activities were increased dramatically in the ischemic brains 3-7 days postinjury from a rat model of neonatal cerebral I/H as shown by increased punctate LC3 staining and Beclin-1 expression. We thus obtained the conclusion that excessive activation of autophagy contributes to neuronal death in cerebral ischemia. BNIP3 (Bcl-2/adenovirus E19 kD interacting protein 3), a member of a unique subfamily of death-inducing mitochondrial proteins, is highly associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and delayed neuronal death in stroke. It is known that BNIP3-induced neuronal death is caspase-independent and characterized by early mitochondrial damage. Recent evidence suggested that the BNIP3 family of proteins might be important regulators of mitophagy. Here, using both stroke models, we found that homodimer (60 kD) of BNIP3/NIX (BNIP3L) were highly expressed in a ‘delayed’ manner. Particularly, significant mitophagic activation was confirmed by electron microscopy. In contrast, both neonatal mitophagy and apoptosis were significantly inhibited in the BNIP3 knockout (KO) mice after I/H, which was also accompanied by a significantly increased autophagic response. In addition, the infarct volume in the BNIP3 KO mice was significantly reduced as compared to wild-type (WT) mice after 7 or 28 days recovery, showing a prominent neuroprotection of BNIP3 gene silencing. A protein-to-protein interaction of mitochondria-localized BNIP3 (60 kD) with the autophagosome marker, LC3, was confirmed by co-ip, immunocytochemistry and further quantified by ELISA, indicating BNIP3 was an effective LC3-binding target on damaged mitochondria. These data demonstrated a novel role of BNIP3 in regulating neuronal mitophagy and cell death during ischemic stroke.

Background. Vulnerabilities in software provides attackers with the means to fulfill unlawful behavior. Since software has so much power, gaining control over vulnerabilities can mean that an attacker gains unauthorized powers. Since vulnerabilities are the keys that let attackers attack, vulnerabilities must be discovered and mitigated. Scanning vulnerable machines is not enough, and scanning data results must be parsed to prioritize vulnerability mitigation and conduct security assessment. Objectives. Creating a parser is the first objective, a tool that takes in input, filters it and gives output specified by the parser. The second objective is to have the parser connect found packages to known vulnerabilities. And the last objective is to have the parser give the output more information, sort them by severity and give information on what areas they are vulnerable. Methods. The interviews are conducted on experienced employees at Truesec AB. A parser is implemented with guidance from the supervisor at Truesec. The parser is experimented with to check practicality of parser. Results. The parser can find vulnerabilities from the Centos tests and does not find any from the Debian tests. From the interviews, we see that more information strengthens a security assessment. Expanding the scanning results will provide more information to the person(s) conducting security assessment. Conclusions. The amount of information gathered in security assessment needs to be expanded to make the assessment more reliable. Packages found can be connected with vulnerabilities by implementing a vulnerability database to match packages. The parser developed does not help in security assessment since the output is not reliable enough, this is caused by the phenomenon backporting.

The scope of this thesis is to design and implement a system for deploying, managing and monitoring a Raspberry Pi cluster using Nix technologies. The thesis describes the benefits of the functional approach of Nix and the subsystems that are based on it. The thesis also results in a supporting web application, providing an intuitive environment for working with cluster configuration deployments and clearly displaying information about the utilization of individual nodes using dashboards. The final part of the thesis is devoted to testing cluster performance using sample distributed computing jobs.

This study was carried out as a bachelor's thesis at KTH Royal Institute of Technology during the spring of 2023, investigating the correlation between the color with the concentration of various metal and metalloids (MMs) in the soil of Marinduque, The Philippines. With a history of mineral exploitation, notably copper and gold, the island has faced persistent environmental challenges, exemplified by the catastrophic waste spills in 1993 and 1996 that contaminated the Boac and Mogpog Rivers. These incidents have left lasting consequences on the environment and human health. The research methodology involved an analysis of soil samples collected from Marinduque, using portable equipment such as Olympus Vanta X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), color scanning using the Nix Pro 2 Color Sensor, followed by data processing through MATLAB version R2023a. The latter involved statistical methods such as Pearson correlation and p-value, which produced correlation coefficients and identified which correlations were statistically significant. The correlations yielded were those between varying MMs concentrations in the soil and CIE L*a*b* soil color parameters across different municipalities in Marinduque. These correlations offer insights into potential causal relationships between arsenic (As), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn), and soil discoloration. Based on correlations between MMs concentrations and soil color, future studies can encompass a broader range of soil assessment and contamination risks analysis, thus offering valuable guidance to local communities and authorities in devising effective strategies for mitigating MMs pollution in the natural environment. / Denna studie utfördes som en kandidatuppsats vid Kungliga Tekniska högskolan (KTH) under våren 2023 och undersökte korrelationer mellan färg, metalloid- och metallkoncentrationer i marken på Marinduque, Filippinerna. Med en historia av mineralutvinning, särskilt koppar och guld, har ön stått inför pågående miljöutmaningar, såsom katastrofala avfallsutsläpp som förorenat floderna Boac och Mogpog. Dessa händelser har lämnat långvariga konsekvenser för miljön och människors hälsa. Forskningsmetoden omfattade en analys av jordprover från Marinduque, med användning av laboratorieutrustning som röntgenfluorescens (XRF), färgskanning med Nix Pro 2 Color Sensor, följt av databehandling genom MATLAB version R2023a. Den senare involverade statistiska metoder som Pearson-korrelation och p-värde, vilka genererade korrelationskoefficienter och identifierade vilka korrelationer som var statistiskt signifikanta. De erhållna korrelationerna var mellan varierande metallkoncentrationer i jorden och CIE L*a*b* markfärgsparametrar inom olika kommuner på Marinduque. Dessa korrelationer ger insikter i potentiella kausala samband mellan arsenik (As), järn (Fe), bly (Pb), mangan (Mn) och zink (Zn), samt jordfärg. Baserat på korrelationer mellan metalloid- och metallkoncentrationer i mark och markfärg kan framtida studier täcka en bredare räckvidd av risker för markförorening, och därmed erbjuda värdefull vägledning till lokala samhällen och myndigheter för att utveckla effektiva strategier för att minska förorening av tungmetaller i den naturliga miljön.

No description available.

Most of the drinking water supply in rural Bangladesh comes from groundwater collected using shallow tubewells. The tubewells, usually shallow because of the increased cost involved in deeper tubewells, have been installed by local drillers. A Sediment Color Tool was developed, with input from local drillers, that associated the arsenic concentration with specific sediment colors, in order to help the drillers install safe tubewells. This tool was digitized into the phone application, ASMITAS, to reduce subjectivity in sediment color determination due to human error or surrounding conditions, when used with a color sensor. The purpose of this study was to carry out a preliminary assessment of the application performance and usability, and the results provided by the application for color identification. 35 sediments were used and assigned into 4 different data sets to allow for comparison. Two data sets were assigned a Munsell color manually, while two were assigned the Munsell Soil Color (or Red-Green-Blue color) through use of the digital app. The sensor, the Nix Color Sensor Pro 2, was validated through a literature review and is considered accurate in identifying the color of the soil sediments. The data sets were compared based on the Delta E 2000 formula to determine the color difference between the data sets. The most relevant result of this method was between the Red-Green-Blue that the Nix Sensor originally provided to the application versus the closest matching Munsell code that the application could provide. It showed that the library from which the Munsell color was drawn was not yet expansive enough to accurately identify all sediments that may be scanned. Cyan-Magenta-Yellow-Black color comparisons were made to ascertain which aspects of the color are the most difficult to identify. It was found that both the sensor and the human eye had difficulties in identifying differences in the yellow percentage of several of the samples. The results showed that there may be greater need for distinction of which yellow percentages of Cyan-Magenta-Yellow-Black belong to which color sediment. Overall, the application appears to have a small number of less prominent features and functions to improve on prior to the publication of the application. At this stage of development, the main goal lies in the improvement and building of the Munsell color code reference library and the library of arsenic concentrations associated with each sediment color within the application, in order to improve the accuracy of the results. / Största delen av dricksvattenförsörjningen i lantlig Bangladesh kommer från grundvatten som samlas in med rörbrunnar. Rörbrunnarna, som vanligtvis är grunda som en följd av kostnaderna, har installerats av lokala borrare. Under 2007 antogs det att färgen på sedimentet i vilket rörbrunnarna placeras ger en indikation på arsenikens koncentration. Därför utvecklades Sediment Color Tool med input från de lokala borrarna. Verktyget vidareutvecklades till en digital app, ASMITAS, för att minska subjektiviteten i markfärgbestämning på grund av mänskliga fel eller omgivande förhållanden. Syftet med denna studie var att utvärdera applikationens prestanda i detta stadie av dess utveckling och färgidentifiering som genomförts av applikationen. 35 sediment användes i första bedömningen och klassificerades fyra gånger i fyra olika datamängder för att möjliggöra jämförelse. Två datamängder tilldelades en Munsell Soil Color manuellt, medan två tilldelades sin färg genom användning av den digitala appen. Sensorn som användes, Nix Color Sensor Pro 2, validerades genom en litteraturöversikt och anses vara korrekt när det gäller att identifiera färgen på sediment. De fyra datamängderna jämfördes visuellt med användning av färgbrickor. De jämfördes baserat på DE2000-formeln för att bestämma färgskillnaden mellan datamängden. Det mest avslöjande resultatet med denna metod var mellan dem två digitalt förvärvade datamängderna. Resultatet föreslår att referensbiblioteket i ASMITAS, från vilket matchen togs, ännu inte var tillräckligt stort för att identifiera alla sedimentprover noggrant för att ej vara märkbar för det mänskliga ögat. Cyan-Magenta-Gul-Svart jämförelser gjordes för att se vilka aspekter av färgen som är svårast att identifiera. Resultaten visade att både sensorn och det mänskliga ögat hade svårigheter att identifiera skillnader i den gula procentandelen av flera av proverna och sedimentfärgerna. Resultaten visade att det kan finnas ett större behov av åtskillnad av vilka gula procentsatser som tillhör vilken färg av sediment (och motsvarande arsenikkoncentration). Det finns ytterligare aspekter och funktioner av appen som är mindre centrala för dess prestanda som bör förbättras innan applikationen publiceras. I detta utvecklingsstadium ligger emellertid huvudmålet i förbättring och uppbyggnad av Munsell- färgkodreferensbiblioteket och biblioteket med arsenik-koncentrationer som är kopplad till varje sedimentfärg i applikationen. Detta för att öka resultatets noggrannhet.

This thesis deals with the application of the functional packaging system Nix and its ecosystem (NixOS, NixOps) for CI/CD in agile development. When using these technologies, the problems caused by different environments are virtually eliminated without the need of containerization. The thesis contains a description of the possibilities and the shortcomings of Nix/NixOps and it proposes a general procedure for the use of these technologies in individual phases of agile development and CI/CD. Thanks to Nix/NixOps, the implementation of CI/CD is very simple and the whole process is also reproducible. The output of the work is a set of the examples demonstrating the use of Nix/NixOps in various projects, which is available as open-source. Thanks to this set, the developers can use Nix quickly and easily in any project, without having to study a large amount of materials.