One hundred thirty-five undergraduate students were queried at North Texas State University. Perceptions of self-disclosure as a compliance-gaining tactic were surveyed. A fifteen item questionnaire was utilized. Fourteen questions were tested by an analysis of variance. One question was tested by chi-square. Data indicated that self-disclosure was viewed as an effective compliance-gaining tactic for both males and females; but females were perceived as more effective than males utilizing the tactic. Self-disclosure utilized as a compliance-gaining tactic was perceived as appropriate by both males and females. Results indicated females and males have similar perceptions regarding the appropriateness of utilizing the self-disclosure tactic. Male and female raters did not differ significantly from each other.

Seventy-five adolescent members of a local church youth organization completed Jourard's 40-item Self-Disclosure Questionnaire. The subjects were assigned to three groups, matched for degree of self-disclosure. A control group filled out Green's Sentence Completion Blank. A second group filled out the completion blank after listening to popular music while reading printed lyrics. The third group listened and also wrote a few sentences about the "meaning" of the music. Two judges scored the sentence completion blanks for self-disclosure. An analysis of variance of the sentence completion scores was significant at the .05 level. However, the Scheffe method revealed that only the latter two groups' means differed significantly, in that the second group increased in disclosure while the third group decreased in self-disclosure. Several factors are discussed which may account for the results.

In the area of positive youth development, mentoring programs are often looked upon to help disadvantaged youth connect with caring adults in order to increase positive behaviors and decrease negative behaviors. The benefits of these programs were often assumed and it was not until recently that large-scale research has examined their effectiveness. The results of the research are modest, at best, suggesting that youth mentoring programs provide only minimal benefits to its participants. A closer examination of the research reveals that the effectiveness of the programs increased if they adhered to specific practices, in particular specific aspects of the mentoring relationship. The aspects of the mentoring relationship that contributed to greater effects include emotional expressiveness by the youth and non-hierarchical collaboration between the youth and mentor. Although theories on mentoring have not been well-established, many point to the life-span development literature as the basis for their effectiveness. However, these theories may be based on a Western worldview of mentoring relationships that contradict with Eastern values of emotional moderation and hierarchical relationships. Current mentoring programs may be less salient to Asian populations, specifically the notion that successful mentoring requires emotional expressiveness and non-hierarchical relationships. This study examined the acculturation level of Asian participants and its impact on distress disclosure, willingness to emotionally-self-disclose to peers and mentors during early adolescence, and relational health with peers and mentors during early adolescence. Values acculturation significantly predicted distress disclosure but did not predict emotional self-disclosure. However, the number of years lived in the U.S. did predict emotional self-disclosure. No interactions were found for relational health and emotional self-disclosure across values acculturation level and relationship type; main effects were found for both variables in that relational health and emotional self-disclosure tended to be less with mentors than with peers. Exploratory analyses using behavioral acculturation found an interaction for emotional self-disclosure across relationship type; those who were less acculturated were more willing to disclose emotions to mentors during early adolescence, a finding in an unanticipated direction. The behavioral and values aspect of acculturation is discussed as well as the cultural influence of the community in mentoring.

This paper examines the conditions under which self-identified trans* men disclose of their transgender identity or past gender history. Drawing upon theories of identity formation, passing and disclosing of stigmatic identities is used to understand when and how disclosure processes happen for trans*men. Drawing on interviews I examine the circumstances surrounding when disclosure or pressure to disclose becomes salient for individuals. I also consider how individuals use and negotiate systems of gender, along other inequalities such as class, race, education, and health care access.

Análise do conteúdo dos relatórios ambientais de empresas do setor de papel e celulose em nível internacional. Objetiva esta pesquisa investigar, com base nas práticas correntes de relatórios anuais e ambientais, como está o nível de disclosure de informações ambientais apresentado pelas empresas do setor de papel e celulose. Apresentam-se na revisão da literatura os principais aspectos relacionados à contabilidade e ao disclosure ambiental, as regulamentações e diretrizes sobre relatórios ambientais, bem como um sumário de várias pesquisas realizadas sobre disclosure e relatório ambiental. São realizadas análises do conteúdo dos relatórios de 42 das 50 maiores empresas, por vendas, do setor de papel e celulose em nível mundial, assim como de oito das dez maiores empresas brasileiras desse setor. Os achados sustentam a tese de que o disclosure de informações ambientais apresentado pelas empresas do setor de papel e celulose diverge entre as companhias com relação ao tamanho da empresa, ao país de localização e ao tipo de relatório (financeiro ou específico), mostrando-se ainda incipiente e frágil em relação ao nível de confiabilidade e comparabilidade das informações. Conclui-se também que: a) a maioria das informações ambientais das empresas desse setor é evidenciada nos relatórios ambientais específicos, sendo essas informações praticamente descritivas; b) o país de localização da empresa influencia no nível de disclosure das companhias do setor de papel e celulose; c) quanto maior o tamanho da empresa, mais detalhada é a apresentação do disclosure das informações ambientais; e d) o nível de disclosure ambiental das empresas brasileiras de papel e celulose é menos detalhado que a média do nível disclosure de informações ambientais de empresas de outros países nesse mesmo setor. São sugeridas novas questões para estudos e mais investimentos para o fomento de pesquisas empíricas na área de contabilidade e disclosure ambientais. O resultado deste estudo é restrito à amostra analisada. / Analysis of the content of the companies' environmental reports of the pulp and paper industry in international level. The objective of this research is to investigate, based on the annual and environmental reports currently practiced, how the environmental information disclosure level presented by the companies of the pulp and paper industry is. The literature review presents the main aspects related to the environmental disclosure and accounting, the regulations and guidelines about environmental reports, as well as a summary of several researches on environmental reports and disclosures. Analysis of the reports contents of 42 of the 50 larger companies, for sales in the pulp and paper industry worldwide, as well as of eight of the ten larger Brazilian companies of this sector are performed. The findings sustain the thesis that disclosure of environmental information presented by the companies of the pulp and paper industry diverge from company to company regarding size, country location and type of report (financial or specific), being incipient and fragile as far as information reliability and comparability is concerned. One can also conclude that: a) most environmental information of companies in this sector is made evident in specific environmental reports, being this information practically descriptive; b) the country where the company is located interferes in the level of disclosure in the pulp and paper industry; c) the bigger the company, the more detailed is the presentation of the disclosure of the environmental information; and d) the level of environmental disclosure of the Brazilian pulp and paper companies is less detailed than the average level of disclosure of companies of the same sector in other countries. New issues for studies and further investments to develop empiric researches in environmental disclosure and accounting are suggested. The result of this study is restricted to the sample analyzed.

O risco de mercado pode ser entendido como o risco de perdas em decorrência de oscilações em variáveis econômicas e financeiras, como taxas de juros, taxas de câmbio, preços de ações e de commodities. A adequada evidenciação dos aspectos relacionados ao risco de mercado tem assumido importância crescente no sistema financeiro, por diversos fatores, como as crises financeiras de amplitude global, o desenvolvimento dos derivativos, os colapsos empresariais decorrentes de deficiências na gestão de riscos, e as exigências de capital em função dos riscos incorridos pelas instituições. O objetivo da pesquisa é verificar e analisar o grau de evidenciação, por parte das instituições financeiras com atuação no Brasil, quanto às questões relativas ao risco de mercado. Para a avaliação das informações prestadas, são utilizadas como parâmetro as recomendações de evidenciação do Comitê de Supervisão Bancária da Basiléia, bem como informações sobre as práticas de divulgação de instituições financeiras no mercado internacional, a partir de levantamentos realizados pelo BIS (Bank for International Settlements). Assim, questiona-se se as instituições financeiras com atuação no Brasil têm apresentado aderência aos padrões internacionais de evidenciação na área de risco de mercado. Os resultados obtidos com a pesquisa empírica, que consistiu na análise de relatórios anuais (de 1997 a 2002) de bancos com atuação no Brasil, permitem concluir que a evidenciação bancária no mercado doméstico, apesar de mostrar indicadores de evolução na área de riscos de mercado, ainda apresenta um nível incipiente de transparência quando comparado com as práticas de divulgação de instituições do sistema financeiro internacional. Identifica-se, assim, a necessidade de melhoria do nível de disclosure bancário brasileiro. Para tanto, mais do que impor regras que tornem compulsórios determinados padrões de evidenciação, requer-se o desenvolvimento de todo o conjunto de precondições legais, institucionais e culturais relevantes para o amadurecimento do mercado de capitais doméstico e de seus sistemas de governança corporativa. / Market risk may be understood as the risk of losses resulting from fluctuation in economic and financial variables, such as interest rates, exchange rates, stock and commodities prices. The adequate disclosure of aspects related to market risk has assumed increasing importance in the financial system, because of several factors, such as global financial crises, development of derivatives, business collapses due to deficiencies in risk management, and regulatory capital requirements related to risks assumed by the institutions. The objective of this work is to verify and analyze the degree of disclosure, presented by financial institutions operating in Brazil, concerning market risk. For the assessment of the information rendered, a benchmark was constituted with the disclosure recommendations of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and information about the disclosure practices of financial institutions in the international financial market, based on surveys carried out by BIS (Bank for International Settlements). Thus, the question is whether the financial institutions operating in Brazil have been presenting adherence to international standards of disclosure in market risks area. The results obtained with the research, which consisted in the assessment of annual reports (from 1997 to 2002) of banks operating in Brazil, allow to conclude that banking disclosure in the domestic market, in spite of indicating an evolution in the market risks area, still presents an incipient level of transparency when compared with the disclosure practices of international financial institutions. It is identified a need for improving the disclosure level of Brazilian banks. For this, it is not enough to impose rules that make compulsory certain disclosure standards; it is necessary the development of legal, institutional and cultural preconditions that are required for the maturing of the domestic capital market and its corporate governance systems.

by Kwok Chak Man, Maurice and Lau Wah Ching. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1988. / Includes bibliographical references.

by Lee Pui-Wah, Josephine. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 41-42). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Purpose of Study --- p.3 / Chapter II. --- METHODOLOG --- p.4 / Approach --- p.4 / Time Horizon Covered in the Paper --- p.5 / Assumption --- p.5 / General Problems of Studies in China --- p.5 / Chapter III. --- CHINESE SHAREHOLDING REFORM AND OPERATING ENVIRONMENT --- p.6 / Chinese Legal System --- p.6 / Hong Kong Stock Market - H Shares Profile --- p.7 / Chinese Stock Market - A Shares Profile --- p.8 / Chapter IV. --- THEORIES RELATED TO STOCK MARKET REGULATION --- p.12 / Market Failure Theory --- p.14 / Public Choice Theory --- p.15 / COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS --- p.17 / Information Disclosure Related to Important Transactions --- p.18 / Information Disclosure Related to Takeover and Merger --- p.20 / Financial Information --- p.23 / Disclosure of Directors' and Substantial Shareholders' Interests --- p.24 / Chapter V. --- EVALUATION --- p.25 / Depth and Breadth of Information --- p.25 / The Quality of Information --- p.26 / Difficulties that Issuers Confront --- p.27 / Cultural Influence --- p.27 / Lack of Motivation --- p.28 / Lack of Education and standards --- p.28 / The Importance of Information in a Speculative Market --- p.29 / Nature of Reform --- p.30 / Chapter VI. --- CONCLUSION --- p.31 / APPENDIX --- p.34 / BIBLIORGRAPHY --- p.41

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 (Ivo Cordeiro Pinho .pdf: 1368947 bytes, checksum: 40ba1a65fe1f8c8445c4db73e1ae5c81 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-08 / Information is an asset of great value in the capital market, as so it must be regulated for the purpose of promoting the market s credibility and guaranteeing the investor s trust. Therefore, this research was conceived with the objective of studying the juridical regimen of the information in the stock market, being the subject analyzed from a double perspective: the right of the shareholder s to the information and, especially, the right of the market to the information. Related to this latter aspect, the adoption of the full and fair disclosure principle, that consists in the wide and honest revelation of information, as the market regulation philosophy, in the United States and in the whole world, must me examined. Moreover, regarding to the theme, it is necessary to consider the repression to the insider trading and the manipulation of the market as a consequence of the disclosure system. At last, it is important to detach the new instruments of information control, mainly those related to corporate governance and the new rules imposed by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. / A informação é um bem de grande valor no mercado de capitais, devendo ser regulada com vistas a promover a credibilidade do mercado e de garantir a confiança dos investidores. Essa pesquisa foi, então, idealizada com o objetivo de se estudar o regime jurídico da informação no mercado acionário, analisando-se a matéria a partir de uma dupla perspectiva: o direito do acionista à informação e, principalmente, o direito do mercado à informação. Quanto a este último aspecto, cabe examinar a adoção do princípio do full and fair disclosure, consistente na divulgação ampla e honesta das informações relevantes, como filosofia de regulação do próprio mercado, nos Estados Unidos e em todo o mundo. Mais que isso, cabe, ainda, estudar a repressão ao insider trading e à manipulação do mercado, como corolários do sistema de disclosure. Por fim, é importante destacar os novos instrumentos de controle da informação, em especial aqueles relativos à governança corporativa e às novas regras impostas pelo Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

Self-disclosure is used by feminist, humanistic, client-centered, and a variety of other counselors to build therapeutic alliances with clients. However, little research has been conducted on counselors' perceptions of their preparedness to use self-disclosure. This exploratory multiple-case study used attachment theory as a framework to explore the perceptions of novice licensed professional counselors' preparedness to use self-disclosure. The 12 participants who participated in face-to-face interviews practiced as licensed professional counselors in Delaware, New Jersey, or Pennsylvania. The participants described how they learned, practiced, and used self-disclosure. After analyzing interview data through cycle coding and peer review, themes emerged showing participants' life experiences, clinical practices, education, and supervision as having prepared them to use self-disclosure. Participants perceived they were prepared to use self-disclosure through their educational experience but primarily learned to self-disclose through trial-and-error. Participants reported learning to self-disclose by taking a chance and practicing the self-disclosure skill with clients after receiving their license. Professional counselors, supervisors, and counselor educators who are the gatekeepers for future counselors may use the study's findings to improve understanding of and training in self-disclosure. The findings can be used to enhance the training of how to prepare counselors to use self-disclosure, therefore, minimizing harm to the clients. Learning more about training counselors to use a skill that is of use with or without intent is of significance to the field of mental health counseling.