The purpose of this study was to determine the induction problems of temporary teachers in secondary schools in the Northern Cape Province. This aim was achieved by firstly embarking upon a literature study on the nature of induction and secondly on the induction problems of temporary teachers. Thirdly an empirical investigation was conducted on the induction problems of temporary teachers. Finally, recommendations were made through which temporary teachers' problems can be resolved. Findings from the literature study indicate that the temporary teacher encounters numerous induction problems that include administrative problems, problems with teaching and learning, management problems, interpersonal and other problems. Administrative problems include aspects such as late notice of a post, that no floor plan is presented, that school rules and departmental regulations are not conveyed to the temporary teacher, problems with internal administrative issues and a lack of an information brochure. Problems with the learning and teaching situation relate to issues such as poor lesson planning, a poor culture of learning and teaching as well as strikes by teachers. Management problems relate to issues such as in service training, classroom management, school environment, service contract, unfamiliarity with management style and a lack of acknowledgement Interpersonal issues include problems with collegial and learner relationships as well as problems with parent teacher contact. Other problems include aspects such as personal problems, privacy, versatility, future planning and continuity. Findings based on the empirical study indicate that the respondents encounter less (none too few) problems within the school as was reported in the literature study. However, there are issues such as redeployment of teachers, service contract, uncertainty about a teaching post, lack of parental involvement and a lack of writing and textbooks which pose problems for the temporary teacher. These issues do not lie within the sphere of the school itself but need the attention of the Department of Education. The recommendations of this study therefore emphasise the need for the Department of Education to take an in depth look into the last mentioned factors that are causing problems for temporary teachers. Furthermore it is to be recommended that temporary teachers can be part of the induction programme of permanent teaching staff seeing that their induction problems within the school are not of a serious nature. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2000

With South Africa currently experiencing a skills shortage, companies need to take job insecurity, job satisfaction and social support into consideration as part of their retention strategy. There is also tremendous pressure being placed on organisations to improve their performance and to become increasingly competitive, which has resulted in job insecurity becoming a reality in South Africa. A petro-chemical company in South Africa was studied to determine the possible relationships between job insecurity, job satisfaction, social support, tenure, intention to leave and qualifications. The participants (N=l 84) included process controllers, senior process controllers, group leaders/foremen, section leaders and area leaders of various business units of the petro-chemical company. A quantitative study was conducted using a cross-sectional survey design. Self-administered questionnaires were used which included the Job Insecurity Questionnaire (JIQ), The Turnover Scale, Social Support and the Job Satisfaction Scale. The statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, factor analysis, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients as well as MANOY A and structural equation modelling. The statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, factor analysis, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients as well as MANOVA and structural equation modelling. Results indicated there was no correlation between job insecurity and tenure, nor between qualifications and job insecurity. It was concluded that lower job satisfaction resulted in higher job insecurity and that higher job satisfaction resulted in lower levels of intentions to leave. There was a positive correlation between social support and job satisfaction. With these results and the model developed it would be possible for the company to adjust their retention strategy to achieve optimal results. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2010.

With South Africa currently experiencing a skills shortage, companies need to take job insecurity, job satisfaction and social support into consideration as part of their retention strategy. There is also tremendous pressure being placed on organisations to improve their performance and to become increasingly competitive, which has resulted in job insecurity becoming a reality in South Africa. A petro-chemical company in South Africa was studied to determine the possible relationships between job insecurity, job satisfaction, social support, tenure, intention to leave and qualifications. The participants (N=l 84) included process controllers, senior process controllers, group leaders/foremen, section leaders and area leaders of various business units of the petro-chemical company. A quantitative study was conducted using a cross-sectional survey design. Self-administered questionnaires were used which included the Job Insecurity Questionnaire (JIQ), The Turnover Scale, Social Support and the Job Satisfaction Scale. The statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, factor analysis, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients as well as MANOY A and structural equation modelling. The statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, factor analysis, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients as well as MANOVA and structural equation modelling. Results indicated there was no correlation between job insecurity and tenure, nor between qualifications and job insecurity. It was concluded that lower job satisfaction resulted in higher job insecurity and that higher job satisfaction resulted in lower levels of intentions to leave. There was a positive correlation between social support and job satisfaction. With these results and the model developed it would be possible for the company to adjust their retention strategy to achieve optimal results. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2010.

This thesis examines attempts to transform access to land and housing in First Nations (‘Indian Reservations’) in Canada through the mechanism of market development. This initiative, proposed by the Government of Canada to First Nations, is a deliberate shift away from socially funded housing to owner occupied housing as a way to increase wealth and address social conditions. The thesis begins with a brief statement of how recent policy shifts in First Nation housing have been justified by neoliberalism, and outlines policy and planning interventions consistent with neoliberalism to develop First Nation homeownership programs. Next, the thesis examines market development in Indigenous lands internationally and draws on lessons learned that may take shape in First Nations. Finally, the thesis examines how interventions in First Nations have been discussed in recent policy documents leading up to the Kelowna Accord signed in 2005, and reports on critical discourse analysis of the documents that were authored by the signatories to support negotiations on the Accord. The purpose is not so much to evaluate the interventionist policies as it to highlight what they attempt to achieve, and to identify some of the challenges they present to planners. Specifically, the thesis addresses the question: what underlying meanings have been embedded in the documentation supporting negotiations on the land questions between Ottawa and Aboriginal organisations? To this end, it extends the analysis by Skelton and Ribeiro (2006), which raises concerns in relation to social rights, Aboriginal governance and social relations that may accompany the introduction of land markets. Findings show how powerful policy discourses shaped by ideological beliefs privilege particular market forms. However, the emphasis on developing market mechanisms fails to address fundamental issues, such as the underlying cause of poverty and homelessness in First Nations. Such insights challenge current direction in First Nations housing policy and calls for socially responsive and community-based solutions to housing that are relevant to culture, context and place.

This thesis investigates the representation of land and landownership in medieval Icelandic texts. I shall demonstrate that there is scant homogeneity in this representation; the variation between different narratives is startling and unusual. I seek to categorise this variability by identifying the lack of a secure tradition surrounding land and landownership, and exploring the possibilities open to the saga author to use land practices and myths as literary devices or to glorify the past. I also examine variability caused by the differences in the realm of 'actual' experience. I shall explore a range of narratives, from stories of the initial settlement of Iceland, to issues of inheritance, to conveyance and to dispute over territory. The last chapter takes a flip-side view of landownership to consider the representation of the landless of family saga narrative. The texts which I shall examine are the Íslendingasögur, Landnádmabók and Íslendingabók. Throughout the thesis I also make reference to Grágás for illumination and comparison. In the first and second chapters I also include archaeological evidence for discussion.

In 1982 the governments of Honduras and the United States signed a contract that established the Proyecto de Titulación de Tierras, or land titling project. This project was initiated primarily to provide titles to small coffee farmers on State-owned land. Among the expected consequences of the project were increased access to resources, especially credit, for small farmers and increased on-farm investment due to this access to credit and increased security. It was hoped that a greater use of credit and investment would increase farm production and therefore the income and well-being of the farmers involved. In this dissertation, the land titling project is placed within the context of the history of agrarian reform in Honduras. The titling project called for a baseline study and final evaluation. These were carried out in 1983 and 1988, respectively. The author was able to obtain these data and re-interview the same farmers in 1993. These farmers are from two regions, one of which was titled and another which was not. The interviews gathered data on production, credit, use of inputs, investments, income and general socio-economic indicators. These data are used to determine the extent to which the goals of the tiding project have been met. A stochastic frontier production function is used to estimate farm-level technical efficiency. Following this, these technical efficiency scores are regressed on various factors such as education, credit and technical assistance to estimate their possible effects on technical efficiency. Finally, simultaneous equations are used to estimate the relationships among these variables. In general, ten years after the start of the project, the original goals have not been achieved. This analysis found that titling does not affect technical efficiency, access to credit, or the use of inputs. Education and technical assistance are the two factors that are consistently the most significant in meeting the project's stated goals. This analysis suggests that basic education and technical assistance, rather than expensive land titling projects, should be promoted to enhance access to credit, the use of inputs and increased technical efficiency.

No description available.

Since its introduction into mainstream society two decades ago, ecotourism has become an international phenomenon. Claimed by its proponents to endorse ecologically, socially, and economically sustainable travel to natural areas, ecotourism is in many ways the conceptual fusion of conservation and development. Yet, despite the optimism often associated with the phenomenon, the question of the degree to which it actually contributes to development, however defined, has become a controversial issue. Theorists and practitioners hold a variety of opinions of ecotourism, ranging from cautious optimism (Honey 2008; Ross & Wall 1999) to outright rejection (Carrier & Macleod 2005; Wheeller 2003). Unfortunately, research shows that the poorest of the poor generally bear the burden of ecotourism initiatives without receiving an equitable share of the associated benefits (Stem et al. 2003; Western & Wright 1994). In response, a sustainable livelihoods approach is proposed as a practical means of understanding the complex livelihood strategies employed by indigenous populations. While tourism research has often focused on the economic impacts of ecotourism initiatives, current livelihoods discourse suggests that the poor draw on a wide range of assets and incorporate a variety of livelihood strategies, in their pursuit of economic gain (Ashley 2002; Ashley et al. 2001; Bebbington 1999; Bennett et al. 1999; Zoomers 1999). This discourse is especially timely for pastoral populations living adjacent to protected areas in Kenya. Recent changes in government policy have promoted the subdivision of land for private ownership (Homewood et al. 2009; Leserogol 2005; Lamprey & Reid 2004), an unexpected transformation that has led to the adoption of ecotourism as a sustainable livelihood strategy. Informed by development theory, tourism theory, and property rights theory, the purpose of this research was to examine the effect of different land tenure regimes on the distribution of benefits accrued from various ecotourism initiatives, and how those benefits impact the livelihoods of the pastoral Maasai living on the periphery of the Maasai Mara National Reserve. Culturally-appropriate, participatory research methods were combined with the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework to document an indigenous perspective on livelihood sustainability. By adapting the conceptual framework to include cultural and historical capital, it served as a lens for viewing and identifying the culturally embedded meaning associated with the recent privatisation of Maasai property. These changes include: significant increases in income generated from ecotourism initiatives, an increased desire to cultivate land, an enhanced capacity for participating in the decision-making process, and greater diversification in local livelihood strategies. However, the empirical evidence also demonstrated that changing property regimes have led to the increased sedentarisation of these semi-nomadic people, resulting in modifications to their pastoral culture, reductions in their herd sizes, and the occasional obstruction of wildlife migratory patterns through the construction of permanent fences.

Population growth and internal migration in parts of the developing world have led to increased conflict over land rights carried out in the context of competing tenure paradigms. In Kenya, violent conflict between 'indigenous' and 'outsider' communities occurring in the midst of a program of democratic liberalization and political change has been variously explained as primarily driven by material or political interests. This thesis examines land rights conflict in the wake of a violent clash at Enoosupukia in 1993, which led to the displacement of up to 30,000 people, and analyzes how changing tenure paradigms, shifting socio-spatial boundaries, ethno-political polarization, and pressure on land resources all contribute to the perpetuation of conflict and tenure uncertainty. I argue that, despite challenging civil precepts of liberal governance, assertion of exclusive ethnic rights to traditional territories may nevertheless lead to political justice and alleviate the marginalization of indigenous and minority groups.

Typescript. / Bibliography: leaves 228-233. / Microfilm. / xi, 233 leaves ill