Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:31:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre Fernandes Lima.pdf: 717720 bytes, checksum: e1002c943e6cd65b97220bcb149117a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-04 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / This dissertation aims to investigate the existence of a causal relationship between levels of organizational slack, the risk of the company and its performance. The point of departure is the conjecture that the magnitude of the organizational slack is a determinant factor of the risk as well as the performance of the company. The importance of this piece of research lies on the empirical fact that owners of a company are willing to take risks based on the prospect of returns. In order to test the causal relationship, it proceeds as follows. First, it collects data from 218 manufacturing companies in the period 2001-2007 and combines part of it through factor analysis so as to compose the three types of organizational slack: available, recoverable and potential ones. Second, the data is arranged in the form of a panel and is next assessed by the generalized method of moments (GMM). The results support the validity of the two proposed models: the first takes risk as the dependent variable, while the second takes future performance. The findings corroborate the hypothesis that the organizational slack has a nonlinear influence on risk and performance. In addition, they shed light on the increased robustness of the second model relative to the first one. This is regarded as the second contribution of the dissertation provided that most literature emphasizes the influence of the organizational slack over risk neglecting its role in performance. We go on to claim that the little attention paid to performance contributes to the available inconclusive empirical results within the literature. / O objetivo do trabalho é investigar a existência de uma relação causal entre os níveis organizacionais de folga, o risco da empresa e seu desempenho. O ponto de partida é a conjectura de que a magnitude da folga organizacional é fator determinante do risco representado pela empresa, bem como de seu desempenho. A importância desta pesquisa recai sobre o fato empírico de que os proprietários da empresa estão dispostos a se expor a riscos com base na perspectiva de retorno. Para testar esta relação causal são considerados dados de 218 empresas manufatureiras no período 2001-2007, sendo parte destes dados agrupados através de análise fatorial, de forma a compor os três tipos de folga organizacional considerados: disponível, recuperável e potencial. Em seguida, os dados são dispostos na forma de painel e, então, analisados através do método dos momentos generalizados (GMM), o que constitui uma contribuição original. Os resultados obtidos suportam a validade de dois modelos propostos, o primeiro em que o risco é variável dependente, e o segundo em que a variável dependente é o desempenho futuro, corroborando a hipótese de que a folga organizacional exerce influência não linear sobre o risco e o desempenho. Adicionalmente, verifica-se que o modelo de desempenho futuro é mais robusto, sendo esta a segunda contribuição da pesquisa. Isso decorre do fato de que grande parte da literatura enfatiza a influência da folga organizacional sobre o risco, negligenciando sua significância sobre o desempenho. Argumenta-se aqui que tais práticas implicaram em resultados empíricos não conclusivos na literatura.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:32:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ronaldo Goncalves.pdf: 490906 bytes, checksum: e246778d27642c8f9cc953f097b82329 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-15 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The reason this study is to identify through analysis of economic-financial firms certified by the Corporate Sustainability Index - ISE & the BMF BOVESPA, the results of these companies were affected after the event of approval of the ISE. The methodology used was to study the event and sought to identify the existence of variations in company results.This work analyzed the behavior of indicators: Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Return on Sales (ROS) and Operating Income before Depreciation and interest (EBITDA) of certified companies to assess the impact of certification on financial performance in certified companies in the years 2006 and 2007. The universe of this study was the number of 12 companies certified in 2006 and 24 in 2007, totaling 36 companies.Another limitation was the number of observations was restricted to eight quarters (April 4, preparedness and post-certification), plus the quarter certification, plus eight quarter postcertification, a total of 20 quarters of each company. Data were obtained from Economática and the site of the Securities and Exchange Commission (CVM) on the internet.Results by individual company, there seems to be the trend of more companies to submit ROA, ROE, ROS and higher EBITDA in the period of 24 months post-certification. It was found that the ROA and ROS - Operating margin - were the most sensitive indicators to changes post-certification, however, these variations showed no signs of influence because of the certification, but perhaps favorable economic environment for businesses to leverage their results. / A razão deste estudo é identificar, por meio da análise de indicadores econômicofinanceiros de empresas certificadas pelo Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial - ISE da BMF&BOVESPA, se os resultados destas empresas foram influenciados após o evento da certificação do ISE. A metodologia utilizada foi a de estudo de evento e buscou identificar a existência de variações nos resultados das empresas. Neste trabalho, é analisado o comportamento dos indicadores: Retorno sobre os Ativos (ROA), Retorno sobre o Patrimônio Líquido (ROE), Retorno sobre as Vendas (ROS) e Resultado Operacional antes da Depreciação e dos juros (EBTIDA) das empresas certificadas para avaliar o impacto da certificação no desempenho financeiro nas empresas certificadas nos exercícios de 2006 e 2007. O universo pesquisado foi o número de 12 empresas certificadas em 2006, e 24, em 2007, totalizando 36 empresas. Outra limitação foi o número de observações que se restringiu a 8 trimestres (4 de preparação e 4 de pós-certificação), mais o trimestre de certificação, mais 8 trimestres de pós-certificação, totalizando 20 trimestres de cada empresa. Os dados foram obtidos a partir da Economática e do sítio da Comissão dos Valores Mobiliários (CVM) na internet. Pelos resultados individuais por empresa, parece não existir a tendência de mais empresas apresentarem ROA, ROE, ROS e EBTIDA maiores no período dos 24 meses póscertificação. Constatou-se que o ROA e o ROS - Margem Operacional foram os indicadores mais sensíveis a mudanças pós-certificação, entretanto, essas variações não apresentaram sinais de influência pelo fato da certificação, mas possivelmente pelo cenário econômico amplamente favorável para as empresas alavancarem seus resultados.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:32:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcos Paulo Conde Ivo.pdf: 943018 bytes, checksum: afb11b1edde5d7ff1a6dc5333348143e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-15 / The relationship between corporate financial performance and social and environmental responsibility(RSA) has being studied by many researchers, however, until now, the results are contradictory. Based on Stakeholders and Stockholders theories, in a positivist framework (quantitative), this exploratory and descriptive study evaluates the correlation between RSA and the corporate financial performance of non-financial Brazilian Companies listed in BM&FBOVESPA. The sample used was non-probabilistic, composed by 112 companies, among them, 28 belongs to RSA group and 84 are part of a comparison group (N_RSA). The financial and market data related to the years 2008, 2009 and 2010 were obtained from Economatica data base. Applying the statistical method repeated measures variance analysis and the linear mixed models, it was analised the relationship between RSA and the financials indicators ROE (return on equity), ROA (return on assets), P/E (Price/Earnings), MV /BV (market value/book value) and Sales Growing. The results obtained by analysis of variance suggest that RSA influences on the sales growing, but it wasn t possible to identify if the signal of that influence (positive or negative). For the others variable, the results suggest a neutral influence. The linear mixed models suggest that RSA influences positively ROE and is neutral for the others variables. / A relação entre responsabilidade social e ambiental (RSA) e o desempenho financeiro das empresas tem sido objeto de estudo de diversos pesquisadores, porém, os resultados obtidos até o momento são contraditórios. Fundamentado nas teorias dos Stakeholders e Stockholders, este trabalho exploratório e descritivo, com abordagem positivista (quantitativo), buscou avaliar a relação entre RSA e o desempenho financeiro das empresas brasileiras não financeiras de capital aberto com ações negociadas na BM&FBOVESPA. A amostra escolhida de forma não probabilística foi composta por 112 empresas, das quais 28 do grupo RSA e 84 do grupo de comparação (N_RSA). Os dados econômico-financeiros e de mercado dos anos de 2008, 2009 e 2010 das empresas da amostra foram obtidos da base de dados Economatica. Utilizando-se das técnicas estatísticas análise de variância com medidas repetidas e modelo linear de efeitos mistos, avaliou-se a relação entre RSA e os indicadores de desempenho financeiro ROE (retorno sobre o patrimônio líquido RPL), ROA (retorno sobre ativos RAT), P/L (preço/lucro P_L), VM/VL (valor de mercado/valor de livro) e Crescimento nas Vendas (+Vend). A análise de variância encontrou evidências que permitem inferir que RSA influencia a variável Crescimento nas Vendas, mas não foi possível identificar se positiva ou negativamente. Para as demais variáveis a influência RSA mostrouse neutra. O resultado do modelo linear de efeitos mistos obteve evidências que RSA influencia positivamente a variável ROE e é neutra para as demais variáveis estudadas.

Alterações nos regulamentos, mudanças no comportamento do consumidor e potenciais ganhos de competitividade são alguns dos motivos citados por gestores como motivadores para a adoção de várias práticas de gestão ambiental. Estas práticas afetam, de acordo com outros estudos, os desempenhos ambiental e financeiro das empresas. No entanto, práticas diferentes afetam de forma diferente os desempenhos mencionados, ou ainda algumas práticas podem ser usadas de forma propagandísticas, podendo afetar o desempenho financeiro, mas não necessariamente o desempenho ambiental.. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar se há relação entre as práticas de gestão ambiental (aqui divididas em \'práticas de planejamento e organização\', \'práticas operacionais\' e \'práticas comunicacionais\') utilizadas pelas empresas e os desempenhos ambiental e financeiro destas por meio da análise de empresas do setor químico brasileiro, utilizando modelagem de equações estruturais (Structural Equation Modeling - SEM) e uma survey para coleta dos dados subjetivoprimários (percepção dos gestores). Para tanto, foi desenvolvido um modelo teórico e construído um diagrama de caminhos de relações causais que foi convertido em um conjunto de modelos estruturais e de mensuração. Para testar o modelo proposto, um teste empírico foi aplicado em empresas do setor químico brasileiro. Os resultados deste teste foram os seguintes: (a) PGAs de planejamento e organização possuem uma relação positiva com o desempenho ambiental e o com desempenho financeiro; (b) PGAs operacionais possuem uma relação negativa com o desempenho financeiro; (c) PGAs comunicacionais possuem uma relação positiva com o desempenho financeiro; (d) Não há relação estatisticamente significativa entre as PGAs operacionais e o desempenho ambiental; (e) Não há relação estatisticamente significativa entre as PGAs comunicacionais e o desempenho ambiental; (f) Não há relação estatisticamente significativa entre o desempenho ambiental e o desempenho financeiro. Neste estudo, as práticas de gestão ambiental se relacionam mais significativamente com o desempenho financeiro, podendo indicar, na amostra estudada, um perfil menos proativo de gestão ambiental, com foco na adequação legar para a continuar com um bom desempenho financeiro. / Regulation modifications, changes in consumer behavior, and potential competitiveness gains have motivated managers to adopt a number of environmental management practices. These practices affect, according to other studies, environmental and financial performance of companies. However, different practices act differently upon the aforementioned performances. Some practices may even be used in a propagandistic way, which may affect the financial performance, but not necessarily the environmental one. Thus, this study aims to determine whether there is relationship between environmental management practices (here divided into \'planning and organizational practices\', \'operational practices\', and \'communication practices\') used by companies and their environmental and financial performance by analyzing companies in the Brazilian chemical industry, using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and a survey to collect data according to the perception of managers. As a result, a theoretical model was developed and a diagram of causal relationships paths was built and converted into a set of structural models and measurement. To test the model, an empirical test was applied to companies in the Brazilian chemical industry. The results of this test were: (a) There is a positive relationship between planning and organizational practices and both environmental and financial performances; (b) There is a negative relationship between operational practices and financial performance; (c) There is a positive relationship between communication practices and financial performance; (d) there is no statistically significant relationship between operational practices and environmental performance; (e) there is no statistically significant relationship between communication practices and environmental performance; (f) there is no statistically significant relationship between environmental performance and financial performance. In this study, environmental management practices relates more significantly to the financial performance and may indicate, in the sample, a less proactive profile environmental management, focusing on theadequacy bequeath to continue with a good financial performance.

Submitted by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-05-11T13:51:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação RRAlthoff 2011.pdf: 1721700 bytes, checksum: 309e2b9926f63cff48688785bc81217f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-05-11T13:51:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação RRAlthoff 2011.pdf: 1721700 bytes, checksum: 309e2b9926f63cff48688785bc81217f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-05-11T13:52:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação RRAlthoff 2011.pdf: 1721700 bytes, checksum: 309e2b9926f63cff48688785bc81217f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-05-11T13:52:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação RRAlthoff 2011.pdf: 1721700 bytes, checksum: 309e2b9926f63cff48688785bc81217f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Dada a relevância cada vez maior das questões sociais e ambientais, várias iniciativas vêm sendo cobradas das corporações por parte da sociedade. Frente a essa demanda tem-se uma resposta por parte das corporações, inclusive de entidades financeira, como, por exemplo, a divulgação de relatórios de sustentabilidade e a criação dos investimentos socialmente responsáveis, mais comumente conhecidos como Socially Responsible Investing (na sigla em inglês, SRI). Além disso, cada vez mais questões sociais e ambientais são importantes dimensões de análise para a obtenção de recursos vindos tanto de instituições bilaterais quanto unilaterais. Tais fatos vêm provocando a busca por evidências de associação das questões socioambientais com o desempenho financeiro da empresa. Diante disso, o presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar o nível de integração entre questões socioambientais e o desempenho financeiro nas informações públicas de empresas líderes mundiais do setor de mineração. O setor de mineração foi escolhido como foco dessa pesquisa, principalmente, devido à sua alta importância para a economia mundial e brasileira, e dado o seu alto impacto social e ambiental. Para tanto, fez-se uma análise das três maiores mineradoras globais em valor de mercado, BH Billiton, Vale e Rio Tinto, utilizando-se como base a metodologia proposta por Epstein e Roy (2003), na qual a integração entre questões socioambientais e desempenho financeiro é classificada em quatro níveis. Dentre as informações analisadas, identificou-se que apenas 1% dessas foram classificadas como nível 4, por se tratarem de informações monetizadas sobre os benefícios de investimentos socioambientais. Esse estudo, portanto, concluiu que a integração entre as ações socioambientais e o desempenho financeiro nas informações públicas das empresas analisadas é praticamente inexistente. / Given the increasing relevance of social and environmental issues, corporation initiatives have been charged from society. Considering this demand, a response by corporations, including financial institutions, has being seen, through the disclosure of sustainability reporting and the creation of Socially Responsible Investing (SRI), for example. In addition, increasingly, social and environmental issues are important dimensions of analysis to obtain resources from both unilateral and bilateral institutions. These facts had lead to the search for evidences of the association between environmental issues and company's financial performance. This study aimed to identify the level of integration between social and environmental issues and financial performance in the public informations provided by world leaders companies of the mining sector. The mining sector was chosen as the focus of this research, mainly due to its importance for the global and the Brazilian economy, and given its high social and environmental impact. To this end, the three major global mining companies by market value (BH Billiton, Vale and Rio Tinto) were analyzed, based on the methodology proposed by Epstein and Roy (2003), in which the integration between social and environmental issues and financial performance is classified into four levels. Among the information analyzed, we found that only 1% of these were classified as level 4, as they were monetised information about the benefits of environmental investments. Therefore, this study concluded that the integration between social and environmental issues and financial performance in the public informations of the analyzed companies is virtually nonexistent.

The purpose of this study is to explore the current practices in corporate sustainability/CSR communications and how this trend contributes to corporate value creation. More specifically, this study looks at this subject from the angle of how companies can use corporate sustainability/CSR communications in marketing activities to attain corporate marketing objectives. To achieve the aim of this study, an examination of the current practices in corporate sustainability /CSR communications was performed through a pertinent empirical and theoretical literature review as well as a quantitative and qualitative empirical method using a survey questionnaire. The author attempted, in the same way, to illustrate how corporate sustainability/CSR communications can strengthen corporate reputation and directly enhance financial performance. For theory, two bodies of literature (corporate communications and corporate sustainability) were selected for review in terms of the degree of synergy and integration between them and their implications for this thesis. The key findings from literature review and empirical study showed that the practices of corporate social responsibility communications occurs through CSR, Triple Bottom Line (PPP) or corporate sustainability reporting, stakeholder dialogue on sustainability issues and social and environmental communication programs. Also, the auditing and assurance of CSR reporting is carried out through different measures including internal (i.e. human resources management, CSR and/or PR department) and external (i.e. business partner, consulting or risk management firm) or both measures. It was also found that sustainability has been a part of corporate culture and strategy development for a number of organizations pursuing the sustainability path for decades. Moreover, public relations activity is ranked the most effective in communicating sustainability at corporate level and has the potential to reach a wide spectrum of stakeholder audiences. However, a level of skepticism was noticed among stakeholders towards corporate sustainability/CSR communications. Nonetheless, knowing how stakeholders perceive corporate image and what they expect in return for their support is fundamental in designing effective corporate and marketing communications strategies. Stakeholders’ relations management is the bottom line for success and sustainability of the business and lies at the core of CSR practice and its reporting. Further, the growth of corporate sustainability/CSR communications has reflected the keen interest from all stakeholders; hence, it has become a topic of major importance and also, as it was found, a key factor that experts and planners in the field should capitalize on and watch in competitive marketplaces. Furthermore, having a pro-social and environmental agenda means having a sound corporate and marketing communications strategies that can build a company’s reputational standing and create sustainable competitive advantages. The trend towards injecting sustainability into corporate decisions making and strategy development has come about through what organizations have achieved in terms of value creation pertaining to reputation and financial performance enhancement. The author’s review of the literature makes an advance on extant reviews of the literature by highlighting the importance of corporate sustainability/CSR communications in marketing with respect to corporate value maximization. Overall, this thesis endeavours to present contributions, avenues and departure of journeying for further empirical research and development. / +46704352135

Magister Educationis - MEd / The study shows the financial impacts on costs per student at academic module level, at departmental level, at faculty level, and at institutional level, thereby showing the effects of cross-subsidisation at all levels of management. The reports were developed in termsof the guidelines compiled in terms of Llewellyn's five levels of theorisation.

The diploma thesis deals with the issue of financial performance of central banks. Central banking is generally considered as a profitable part of financial system. However, this paper focuses on the loss-making central banks and emphasizes the examples of central banks with large accumulated financial losses. Relationship between the quality of balance sheet assets and financial performance of central banks is closely examined in the thesis. Alongside, it analyses the impact of negative financial performance on the main objectives of central bank, in the role of monetary authority. Effectiveness of monetary policy is conditioned by many factors, among them are independence of central bank, the level of development of financial markets - central bank operates in, analytical skills of employees and etc. However, the case, where financial performance of central bank is discussed in connection with monetary policy performance, is extremely rare. The primary goal of this diploma thesis is to reveal and describe the main ways in which financial performance of the central bank influences monetary policy decisions. It also tries to find out whether there is hidden threat of a damaging impact on the decisions in case the central bank accumulates the negative financial results.

Tato práce si klade za cíl porovnat obraz finanční výkonnosti podniku poskytnutý českým účetním systémem s obrazem, který poskytují výkazy zpracované dle Mezinárodních standardů účetního výkaznictví (IFRS). Na příkladu společnosti ATAS elektromotory Náchod, a.s. je ukázáno, jak se přechod na výkaznictví dle IFRS projeví ve vybraných finančních indikátorech. Pro zhodnocení celkové výkonnosti podniku byl dále použit model INFA.

This thesis is concerned with an evaluation of a role of financial and managerial accounting in the management of financial performance. From the range of criterions, that indicate the development of performance, the profit was chosen. The basic approach of the thesis is the concept of financial performance in the U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (U.S. GAAP). The diction of U.S. GAAP is compared with the text of International Accounting Standards / International Financial Reporting Standards (IAS / IFRS) and the Czech accounting legislation. In addition, the thesis deals with the concept of financial performance and its role in the performance management system. In conclusion, the theoretical background is confronted with its practical application. The comparison is made with the assistance of the example of financial performance management in the company Škoda Auto, a.s.