Baltijos šalių kapitalo rinkos pripažįstamos kaip augančios ir perspektyvios, tačiau įmonės vis dar nesiryžta dėl įvairių priežasčių įtraukti savo akcijas į vertybinių popierių rinkos prekybos sąrašus. Nors užsienio autorių darbuose yra plačiai nagrinėjamos pirminio viešų akcijų platinimo prielaidos ir pasekmės bendrovėms, mokslinių tyrimų, sistemingai atliekamų Baltijos šalyse, nėra. Šio diplominio darbo tikslas yra ištirti pirminio viešo akcijų platinimo pasekmes bendrovių veiklos rezultatyvumui. Analizuojamos įmonės, OMX biržoje vykdžiusios pirminius viešus akcijų siūlymus 2004 – 2006 m.. Remiantis atliktu tyrimu, teigiama, kad po pirminio viešo akcijų platinimo įmonėse padidėja pardavimai ir pelningumas, išauga investicijos, sumažėja finansinis svertas. Taip pat patvirtinama, kad pirminio viešo akcijų siūlymo pasekmės yra skirtingos didelės, vidutinės ir mažos kapitalizacijos įmonėms. Pirminio viešo akcijų platinimo pasekmės įmonių veiklos rezultatyvumui didelės ir vidutinės kapitalizacijos įmonėms yra teigiamos, tuo tarpu mažos kapitalizacijos įmonės, bent jau nagrinėjamame trumpame laikotarpyje patvirtina užsienio autorių tyrimų rezultatus apie veiklos rezultatyvumo pablogėjimą, vertinant pelningumo rodiklius. / This diploma paper investigates the change in operating performance of firms as they make the transition from private to public ownership. The sample is based on 30 OMX firms that go public during 2004 -2006, examining their financial performance one year prior to the IPO, at the time of the IPO and following year. The firms’ pre-IPO and post-IPO financial performance is compared. Although few recent studies find a decline in operating performance among IPO firms in foreign countries, this paper documents a significant increase in selected measures of financial performance. The results of this paper suggest that IPO firms display high growth in sales, profits, assets and measures of profitability. Moreover, the IPO firms reduce their financial leverage after going public. The results also provide strong support that transition from private to public ownership has different impact on large, medium and small capitalization firms.

This thesis attempts to extend the research in the Corporate Social Performance – Corporate Financial Performance relationship. The studies conducted previously display mixed findings with no unified evidence of the relationship direction and impact. This study reviews the existing literature on CSP and CFP as well as their link, identifying main problems and brings forward the concepts of strategic CSP and ad-hoc CSP. These concepts in a wider term are referred as CSP maturity. The main aim of this study is to investigate whether there is a relationship between company’s financial performance and CSP maturity and if the relationship is present, the relationship direction and causality. A study sample was constructed from large European banks and insurance companies. A panel data containing the information of 86 companies measured separately three times in three years period was analyzed. The empirical study used return on asset (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and return on sales (ROS) ratios for CFP operationalisation. CSP maturity was measured as years of continuous involvement into strategic CSP. The correlation analysis was build in order to verify the hypothesis about the CSP maturity and CFP relationship direction. Additionally the average mean of ROA, ROE and ROS was compared between the companies engaged in strategic and ad-hoc CSP. The weighted least squares regression, including several control variables was constructed to test two models of CSP maturity and CFP... [to full text] / Šiuo magistriniu darbu autorė siekia praplėsti įmonės socialnės veiklos (CSP) ir įmonės finansinių resultatų (CFP) sąryšio tyrimus. Ankstesnių tyrimų rezultatai yra prieštaraujantys ir nepateikiantys vienalyčių įrodymų apie šių dviejų kintamųjų ryšio kryptį bei stiprumą. Šis tyrimas apžvelgia ankstesnius tyrimus, atliktus siekiant ištirti ryšį tarp CSP ir CFP, identifikuoja pagrindines problemas ir pristato strateginės ir atsitiktinės socialinės veiklos sampratas. Šios sampratos apibendrintai yra vadinamos CSP branda. Pagrindinis šio tyrimo tikslas yra ištirti ar egzistuoja priežastinis ryšys tarp CSP and CFP ir jei egzistuoja, nustatyti jo kryptį bei priežastingumą. Tyrimui naudojama imtis buvo sudaryta iš stambių Europos bankų bei draudimo kompanijų. Tyrimui buvo naudojami paneliniai duomenys, kurie buvo gauti 86 įmones matuojant 3 kartus tryjų metų periode. Tyrime įmonių finansiniai rezsultatai buvo matuojami turto grąžos (ROA), nuosavybės grąžos (ROE) bei pardavimų grąžos (ROS) rodikliais. CSP branda buvo matuojama nepertraukiamos strategines CSP veiklos metų skaičiumi. Koreliacijos analizė parodė neigiamą ryšį tarp CSP brandos ir įmonės finansinų rezultatų (koreliacijos koeficinetai kievienam finansiniam rodikiui buvo -0.438, -0.358, -0.350). Nepriklausomų imčių vidurkių palyginimo T-testas parodė statistiškai reikšmingą skirtumą tarp ROA ir ROS rodiklių lyginant įmones, kurios CSP vykdė strategiškai ir atsitiktinai. Įmonės, kurios vykdė CSP atsitiktinai, jų ROA ir ROS... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Purpose: Examine the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and financial performance in Swedish publicly traded companies in the years 2006-2009. Hypothesis: H1: There is a positive linear relationship between a company's CSR performance and its accounting based financial performance (represented by ROA). H2: There is a positive linear relationship between a company's CSR performance and its market based financial evaluation (represented by Tobin's Q) H3: Industry moderates the relationship between CSR and financial performance. H4: Firm size moderates the relationship between CSR and financial performance. Theoretical framework: CSR and previous research. Methodology: Longitudinal study, Secondary analysis.  Conclusion: Hypothesis 1 may be rejected. Hypothesis 2 may be rejected. Hypothesis 3 may be rejected. Hypothesis 4 may be rejected. / Syfte: Undersöka relationen mellan företags sociala ansvar och dess finansiella resultat på Svenska börsnoterade företag under åren 2006-2009. Hypoteser: H1: Det är ett positivt linjärt samband mellan ett företags CSR utförande och dess bokföring baserad på finansiella resultat (representerad av ROA). H2: Det är ett positivt linjärt samband mellan ett företags CSR utförande och dess markandsbaserad finansiella värdering (representerad av Tobin's Q). H3: Industri modererar relationen mellan CSR och finasiellt resultat. H4: Företagsstorlek modererar relationen mellan CSR och finansiellt resultat. Teoretiskt ramverk: CSR och tidigare forskning. Metod: Longitudinell studie, Sekundär analys. Slutsats: Hypotes 1 kan avvisas. Hypotes 2 kan avvisas. Hypotes 3 kan avvisas. Hypotes 4 kan avvisas.

Problem: Do ethical investments perform better than conventional investments? Purpose: To evaluate whether Shariah-compliant indexes and/or socially responsible indexes can improve financial performance of an investment portfolio. Sub-problem: What kind of relationship exists between socially responsible investments and faith-based investments, represented by Shariah-compliant investments? Sub-purpose: To discover how two types of ethical investments, socially-responsible and Shariah-compliant, are related. Method: Quantitative study, covering three types of investment styles of four index families during the period from 2000 until 2011. Financial performance evaluation through the Sharpe ratio, Treynor ratio and Jensen’s alpha. Conclusions: Conventional, socially responsible, and Shariah-compliant indexes do not have any significant differences in financial performance on a global basis. However, Shariah-compliant indexes could slightly over-perform conventional and socially responsible indexes during financial downturns. In the same time socially responsible indexes were noticed to be the most volatile during the whole period of study, to compare with conventional and Shariah-compliant. Regarding relationships, high correlations were found between ethical indexes, as well as between ethical and conventional indexes.

Purpose To determine sustainable Resource Based View drivers (RBV) (i.e. resources, capabilities) and motivation for the successful (i.e. positive Financial (FP) / Social Performance (SP)) implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the strategies of top performing companies in regards to CSR. In addition to find out how these drivers are being nourished, developed and utilized in order to contribute to the sustainable development in companies. Design/ Methodology/ Approach Interviews are held with CSR-managers from top performing companies based on their engagement and performance in CSR. In addition, their Corporate Responsibility (CR) reports are observed in order to apply triangulation on the company’s engagement in CSR. Furthermore shall reports by third party organizations be observed to get multiple perspectives on the concept of CSR and Sustainability? Lastly an exclusive guest lecture at Linnaeus University is attended which provided insight on corporate partnership in regards to CSR from the point of view of a charitable organization. Findings The most important non-financial drivers of CSR and Sustainability are; knowledge flow, capabilities and competence. Knowledge can be acquired through active engagement with all the company’s stakeholders, especially by collaborating with universities and for example charitable organizations. Companies have invested in the training of top level management in their understanding of the importance of CSR and Sustainability. This is because the top level management is seen as the driving and deciding force within the company to engage in CSR and Sustainability. Some companies have invested research in the understanding of their stakeholders’ perceptions on Sustainability issues which they deem as most important. Delimitations/ Limitations This research investigates the non-financial drivers (i.e. sources and antecedents) of CSR and Suitability in order to invest in and develop the drivers with the purpose of further developing Sustainability. This research is primarily focussed on Swedish companies as they seem to be further advanced in this subject due to for example legislation and the fact that Sweden is one of the most prosperous countries in the world. The purpose of this research is not to generalize the findings, but to provide insight so other companies could learn and develop themselves further in their pursuit for Sustainability.  Implications In order to develop Sustainability further companies need to create tighter collaborations with especially universities as the managers and business leaders for the future, but also other employees, are the students of today. Especially business students complain about the way their subject is being taught as it fails to thoroughly address current and future business problems. Furthermore the concept of Sustainability should be taught not only at universities but at high schools as well, because the society as a whole needs to collaborate to deal with the mega forces that await us in the not too distant future.  Originality/ Value CSR finds itself in a cross-section in academic literature between different affecting disciplines. By combining the different disciplines the authors want to contribute to sustainable development and competitive advantage in CSR-strategies by examining top performing companies who are (perceived to be) well advanced in this subject. Previous research has primarily focussed on proving the relationship between implementing CSR and positive Financial Performance (FP) as the driver of CSR. Much less have other antecedents to CSR been investigated with purpose of further improving sustainable development.

This study is concerned with developing a model to identify small-medium U.K. companies at risk of financial failure up to five years in advance. The importance of small companies in an economy, the impact of their failures, and the lack of failure research with respect to . this population, provided justification for this study. The research was undertaken in two stages. The first stage included a detailed description and discussion of the nature and role of small business in the UK economy, heir relevance, problems and Government involvement in this sector, together with literature review and assessment of past research relevant to this study. The second stage was involved with construction of the models using multiple discriminant analysis, applied to published accountancy data for two groups of failed and nonfailed companies. The later stage was performed in three parts : (1) evaluating five discriminant models for each of five years prior to failure; (2) testing the performance of each of the .five models over time on data not used . in their construction; (3) testing the discriminant models on a validation sample. The purpose was to establish the "best" discriminant model. "Best" was determined according to classification ability of the model and interpretation of variables. Finally a model comprising seven financial ratios measuring four aspects of a company's financial profile, such as profitability, gearing, capital turnover and liquidity was chosen. The model has shown to be a valid tool for predicting companies' health up to five years in advance.

本研究主要探討裁量性紅利對企業未來財務績效之激勵效果，而本研究係以2010年美國S&P500公司作為研究對象，研究期間為2006年至2010年。實證結果顯示：(1)依據主觀績效衡量所發放的裁量性紅利確實可以對企業未來財務績效產生激勵效果；(2)獎酬契約運用主觀與客觀績效衡量時，主觀績效衡量所發放的裁量性紅利佔總紅利比重愈高，對於企業未來財務績效激勵效果愈高；(3)裁量性紅利對於企業未來後續財務績效具有長期激勵效果；(4)績效較低之企業發予高階經理人主觀績效衡量之裁量性紅利，對於企業未來財務績效仍具有激勵效果。 / The study investigate the impact of discretionary bonus on the future firm financial performance. Based on a sample of 2010 S&P500 companies spanning from 2006 and 2010. I find : (1) Discretionary bonus, which was measured subjectively, can improve future firm financial performance. (2) The more proportion of discretionary bonus to total bonus can improve more future firm financial performance. (3) Discretionary bonus can improve the long-term future firm financial performance. (4) Using subjectively discretionary bonus to CEOs on low-profit-company can improve the future firm financial performance.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="">The study shows the financial impacts on costs per student at academic module level, at departmental level, at faculty level, and at institutional level, thereby showing the effects of cross-subsidisation at all levels of management. The reports were developed in termsof the guidelines compiled in terms of Llewellyn's five levels of theorisation.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-family: Garamond / "><o:p></o:p></span></p>

Submitted by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-16T13:37:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 COTOMACIO_Andre_2017.pdf: 38758195 bytes, checksum: aab77ac02b3eb518fa373423e880c0f0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-16T13:37:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 COTOMACIO_Andre_2017.pdf: 38758195 bytes, checksum: aab77ac02b3eb518fa373423e880c0f0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-16T13:37:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 COTOMACIO_Andre_2017.pdf: 38758195 bytes, checksum: aab77ac02b3eb518fa373423e880c0f0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-16T13:37:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 COTOMACIO_Andre_2017.pdf: 38758195 bytes, checksum: aab77ac02b3eb518fa373423e880c0f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-24 / Não recebi financiamento / There are many studies in the literature that have shown the relationship between stock levels and financial performance, through profitability indicators, mostly to US manufacturing firms. However, the influence of the stock and its discrete components (raw material, inventory, production and finished product) in shareholder wealth has not been determined, particularly in the case of companies in Brazilian industrial sector. The present study aims to assess how the maintenance of inventory levels may affect profitability, returns and share performance in order to maximize shareholder wealth. For this purpose, panel data regressions were applied for fixed and random effects, based on financial data from companies which represents Brazilian manufacturing sector, listed in the BM&FBOVESPA Industrials Index (INDX). From the concept that a correct inventory and working capital management are directly linked to a better financial performance, the results show that this hypothesis confirmation or refutation vary according to the financial and inventory management metrics used, respectively, as dependent or independent variables. Another conclusion is that shareholder value creation has greater influence or is better able to isolate the effect of a correct inventory management, when compared to profitability and return metrics, only if linked to raw material or finished products indicators. Although the divergences regarding the influence of inventory and working capital management on financial performance still persist, this is one of the first studies that discuss this issue for Brazilian companies, and more specifically, for manufacturing sector, which represent an important stock portfolio index in the country. / Muitos são os trabalhos na literatura que mostraram a relação entre os níveis de estoque e o desempenho financeiro, por meio de indicadores de lucratividade, em sua grande maioria para empresas de manufatura dos EUA. Entretanto, a influência do estoque e de seus componentes discretos (matéria prima, estoque em produção e produto acabado) na riqueza do acionista ainda não foi determinada, principalmente em se tratando de empresas do setor industrial brasileiro. O presente estudo avaliou como a manutenção dos níveis de estoque podem afetar a lucratividade, rentabilidade e o desempenho das ações na maximização da riqueza do acionista. Para tanto, foram feitas regressões de dados em painel, testando-se para efeitos fixos e aleatórios, a partir de dados financeiros de empresas que representam o setor de manufatura brasileiro, listadas no Índice do Setor Industrial (INDX) da BM&FBOVESPA. Partindo da premissa de que uma correta gestão do estoque e do capital de giro estará diretamente ligada a um melhor desempenho financeiro, as conclusões apontam que a confirmação ou refutação dessa hipótese variam conforme a métrica financeira e de gestão de estoque utilizadas, respectivamente, como variáveis dependentes e independentes. Outra conclusão observada é que a criação de valor ao acionista sofre maior influência ou é capaz de isolar melhor o efeito de uma correta gestão de estoques, se comparada a métricas de lucratividade e de rentabilidade, somente quando atrelada aos indicadores de estoques de matéria prima e de produtos acabados. Apesar de as divergências quanto à relação da influência do desempenho do estoque e do capital de giro no desempenho financeiro ainda persistirem, este é um dos primeiros trabalhos a trazer esta discussão para análises em empresas brasileiras e, mais especificamente, para empresas do setor de manufatura, que representam um importante índice de carteira de ações no país.

Submitted by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-09-29T15:21:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SILVA_Thiago_2017.pdf: 1181442 bytes, checksum: 4f23a7c4f6982cfaacf64f298b2b15d5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-09-29T15:21:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SILVA_Thiago_2017.pdf: 1181442 bytes, checksum: 4f23a7c4f6982cfaacf64f298b2b15d5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-09-29T15:21:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SILVA_Thiago_2017.pdf: 1181442 bytes, checksum: 4f23a7c4f6982cfaacf64f298b2b15d5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-29T15:21:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SILVA_Thiago_2017.pdf: 1181442 bytes, checksum: 4f23a7c4f6982cfaacf64f298b2b15d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-12 / Não recebi financiamento / Sustainable development raises at present days a number of challenges to manufacturing, precisely in order to make production more sustainable, equating economic and financial issues with environmental and social issues. Cleaner Production represents one of the approaches which can be used by manufacturing companies in the attempt to achieve this purpose, rightfully represent this a strategy oriented to the reduction of negative impacts arising from production processes in all its extension. As a direct result of the implementation of cleaner production practices, enhances the efficiency of the production process, thus increasing competitiveness of enterprises, whether in terms of increases in manufacturing capacity, both in terms of better prospects of generating financial results. However, in the case of the Brazilian context, are relatively sparse theoretical-empirical evidence that greater intensity as the implementation of cleaner production practices on the part of corporations effectively shown able to influence your financial performance. Under such circumstances, the objective of the present study is to assess whether the greater or less intensity about the implementation of cleaner production practices by manufacturing companies listed on the BM&FBOVESPA shown effectively able to provide significant differences in terms of financial performance. To this end, a survey research was undertaken by the manufacturing companies listed on the BM&FBOVESPA, whose research instrument was constituted in the questionnaire. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis by means of appropriate software to such purpose, by use of Multivariate Statistical technique called multiple Linear Regression. Finally, the survey results point to the perception that some of the cleaner production practices seem to influence corporate financial performance, profitability, and profitability, than be seen to be viable your implementation under the economic-financial point of view. / A temática do desenvolvimento sustentável suscita na atualidade uma série de desafios à manufatura, mais especificamente no sentido de que se faz urgente levar a efeito um modelo de produção mais sustentável, equacionando-se de tal maneira as questões de ordem econômico-financeira com as questões de ordem ambiental e social. A Produção Mais Limpa representa uma das abordagens das quais podem se valer as empresas de manufatura no intento de alcançar o propósito de tornar a produção mais sustentável, na medida em que se configura em uma estratégia orientada à redução dos impactos negativos decorrentes dos processos produtivos em toda a sua extensão. Como resultado direto da implementação de práticas de Produção Mais Limpa, potencializa-se a eficiência global do processo produtivo, ampliando-se assim a competitividade das empresas, seja isso em termos de incrementos na sua capacidade manufatureira, seja em termos de melhores perspectivas de geração de resultados financeiros. No entanto, em se tratando do contexto brasileiro, são relativamente escassas as evidências teórico-empíricas de que maior intensidade quanto à implementação de práticas de Produção Mais Limpa por parte das corporações efetivamente se mostra capaz de influenciar seu desempenho financeiro. Sob tais circunstâncias, o objetivo do presente estudo consiste em avaliar se a maior ou a menor intensidade quanto à implementação de práticas de Produção Mais Limpa por parte das companhias de manufatura listadas na BM&FBOVESPA se mostra efetivamente capaz de proporcionar diferenças significativas em termos de desempenho financeiro. Para tanto, foi empreendida uma pesquisa survey junto às companhias de manufatura listadas na BM&FBOVESPA, cujo instrumento de pesquisa se constituiu no Questionário. Os dados coletados foram submetidos a análises estatísticas por meio de software apropriado a tal finalidade, mediante emprego da técnica de Estatística Multivariada denominada Regressão Linear Múltipla. Finalmente, os resultados da pesquisa apontam para a percepção de que algumas das práticas de Produção Mais Limpa parecem influenciar o desempenho financeiro das corporações, mais especificamente a lucratividade e a rentabilidade, do que se depreende seja viável sua implementação sob o ponto de vista econômico-financeiro.