Syfte: Då tidigare forskning har visat varierande och motsägelsefulla resultat vad gäller relationen mellan CSP och finansiell prestation, skapar det en förståelse för att andra variabler påverkar relationen. Syftet med följande studie är att undersöka om och hur graden av internt ägande påverkar relationen mellan socialt ansvar och finansiell prestation.   Metod: Denna studie har utifrån en positivistisk forskningsfilosofi, med en deduktiv ansats, antagit en kvantitativ forskningsstrategi. En tvärsnittsdesign har utförts där enbart sekundärdata har tillämpats som hämtats från Thomson Reuters Datastream. Analysering av sekundärdata har utförts genom deskriptiv statistik och multipla regressionsanalyser i statistikprogrammet SPSS.   Resultat & slutsats: Resultatet indikerar att det inte är möjligt att visa hur graden av internt ägande påverkar relationen mellan socialt ansvar och finansiell prestation. Studien visar däremot att det föreligger en negativ relation mellan företags arbete med socialt ansvar och finansiell prestation (ROA och Tobin’s Q), samt mellan socialt ansvar och internt ägande.   Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Förslag till framtida forskning är framförallt att fortsätta på den nya unika forskningsinriktningen som följande studie belyst, genom att studera hur graden av internt ägande påverkar relationen mellan CSR och finansiell prestation (läs fler förslag under avsnitt 6.5 Förslag till vidare forskning).   Uppsatsens bidrag: Studien bidrar med mer empiriskt material till variationerna som tidigare forskning framställt gällande relationen mellan CSP och finansiell prestation, samt relationen mellan internt ägande och CSP. Studien har även bidragit till en ny forskningsinriktning gällande de interna ägarnas påverkan på relationen mellan socialt ansvar och finansiell prestation. / Purpose: Since previous research has shown diverse and contradictory results regarding the relationship between CSP and financial performance, it creates an understanding that other variables may affect the relationship. The purpose of the study is to examine whether and how the level of insider ownership affects the relationship between social responsibility and financial performance.   Method: This study was based on a positivistic research philosophy, with a deductive approach and adopted a quantitative research strategy. A cross-sectional design has been carried out using only secondary data that was collected from Thomson Reuters Datastream. The secondary data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis in SPSS.   Results & Conclusions: The result wasn’t able to show how the level of insider ownership affects the relationship between social responsibility and financial performance. However, the study showed that there is a negative relationship between the social responsibility and financial performance (ROA and Tobin’s Q), as well as between social responsibility and insider ownership.   Suggestions for further research: Suggestions submitted to future research is to continue on the new unique research approach that this study has shed light on, by studying how the level of insider ownership affects the relationship between CSR and financial performance (read more suggestions under section 6.5 Suggestions for further research).   Contributions of the thesis: The study provides more empirical data to the varying results that previous researchers has shown in attempt to examine the relationship between CSP and financial performance, and the relationship between insider ownership and CSP. The study has also contributed to a new research area regarding the insider ownership and how they influence the relationship between social responsibility and financial performance.

Syfte: Hur CSR-prestation påverkar ett företags finansiella prestation har länge varit ett omtalat ämnesområde, vilket har bidragit till motstridiga resultat. Denna studie har tillämpat kostnad för eget kapital för att mäta finansiell prestation. Genom att betrakta CSR som en transparenseffekt, vilket ökar bolagens transparens, vill studien undersöka om CSR-aktiviteter kan sänka företagets uppfattade risk för att minska kostnad för eget kapital. Metod: Studien har tillämpat en positivistisk forskningsfilosofi och en deduktiv forskningsansats med uppställning av hypoteser. Vi har använt en kvantitativ forskningsmetod från vilket insamling av sekundärdata skett från den finansiella databasen Thomson Reuters. Studiens urval består av 548 företag från åtta europeiska länder. All data som inhämtats har bearbetats och analyserats i statistikprogrammet SPSS och JASP. Resultat & slutsats: Våra resultat bevisar att det förekommer ett positivt respektive negativt samband mellan CSR-prestation och kostnad för eget kapital beroende på nation. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Ett förslag till vidare forskning är att undersöka varför sambandet mellan CSR-prestation och kostnad för eget kapital uppträder olika inom nationer. Uppsatsens bidrag: Denna studie bidrar till en ökad förståelse för hur CSR-prestation påverkar företagets kostnad för eget kapital i en europeisk kontext. Studien har bidragit till en ny forskningsinriktning beträffande hur CSR-aktiviteter kan fungera som en transparenseffekt för att minska bolagets kostnad för eget kapital. Vidare bidrar uppsatsen med ytterligare kunskap om relationen mellan CSR-prestation och finansiell prestation, vilket visar i tidigare forskning motstridiga resultat. / Title: CSR-performance and cost of equity capital – a quantitative study of 548 European companies Aim: The subject of how corporate social responsibility affects the company’s financial performance has been discussed for a long time, which has contributed to conflicting results. This study has applied cost of equity capital in order to measure financial performance. By considering corporate social responsibility as a transparency effect, which increases firms’ transparency, this study wants to examine if corporate social responsibility can minimize the company’s perceived risk to decrease cost of equity capital. Method: The study has applied a positivist research philosophy and a deductive research approach with setting of hypotheses. We used a quantitative research method where the secondary data was collected from Thomson Reuters DataStream. The sample of the study includes 548 companies from eight European countries. The collected data has been processed and analyzed in the statistical program called SPSS and JASP. Result & Conclusions: Our results prove that a positive respective negative relationship between corporate social responsibility and cost of equity exists depending on nation. Suggestions for future research: One suggestion for further research is to investigate why the relationship between corporate social responsibility and cost of equity appears different in nations. Contribution of the thesis: This study contributes to an increased understanding for how corporate social responsibility can affect the company’s cost of equity capital in a European context. The study have contributed to a new research turn concerning how corporate social responsibility can work as a transparency effect too reduce the firms cost of equity capital. It provides further acknowledge on the relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial performance which in previous research shows conflicting results.

The gradually changing behavior of the population, towards urbanization, ledto an increased shortage of available housing. This development has resultedin a serious issue in Sweden, where too few firms are providing solutions formulti-family houses in wood. Potential firms that could fill this increasingdemand are those in the single-family house industry. Yet, these firms mightface considerable problems with productivity, predominately derived fromincreasing production costs and inadequate production development.Developing these firms are associated with long-term investments, whichis investigated by evaluating the industry structure for sellers, highlightingthe financial and market situation within their industry. These factors aregrowing in importance due to the current market concentration, where morefirms are required to focus on product development driven by the demand toprefabricate wooden elements, volumes or modules in an industrialized way.This thesis studies Swedish firms producing wooden single-familyhouses, with the aim to investigate their possibilities to enter the woodenmulti-family house industry in Sweden.Investigations will be conducted by applying Altman’s Z’ value, riskposition model, the Herfindahl-Hirschman index, the Herfindahl-Hirschmannumber equivalent, productivity ratio model for profitability and finally amodel measuring market Concentration Ratio.Results show that the industry tends towards perfect competition with toomany firms involved, i.e. firms mainly have to compete by prices. Further,firms are grouped into three zones; risk, grey or safe zone. The levels withinthese zone show a reduction of firms in the red zone over time. Related to thecurrent risks, many firms have promising positions to invest in productdevelopment towards wooden multi-family houses, in addition to theircurrent products, even though firm productivity has declined during thestudied time frame. The results that the investigated firms have goodpossibilities gaining a competitive advantage by diversifying into thegrowing wooden multi-family house industry.

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om det finns ett samband mellan intellektuellt kapital och finansiell prestation. Ett delsyfte är att undersöka om det finns någon skillnad i andelen intellektuellt kapital hos företag i kunskapsbaserade branscher jämfört med företag i icke kunskapsbaserade branscher. Metod: Detta är en kvantitativ studie på företag som är börsnoterade på Nasdaq OMX Stockholm. Studien genomförs på totalt 307 företag, efter bortfall. Datan samlas in från företagens årsredovisningar från 2017 med hjälp av Thomson Reuters Datastream. I studien utförs en korrelationsanalys, multipel regressionsanalys och ett oberoende t-test. Resultat och slutsats: Studiens resultat visar att det finns ett svagt positivt samband mellan intellektuellt kapital och finansiell prestation som är icke signifikant och därför kan bero på slumpen. Resultatet visar också att företag i icke kunskapsbaserade branscher besitter en större andel intellektuellt kapital än företag i kunskapsbaserade branscher. Uppsatsens bidrag: Studiens bidrag är att det finns ett svagt positivt samband mellan intellektuellt kapital och finansiell prestation som dock inte är signifikant. Vidare är bidraget att företag i icke kunskapsbaserade branscher besitter mer intellektuellt kapital än företag i kunskapsbaserade branscher. Förslag till vidare forskning: Vårt förslag till vidare forskning är att använda en annan indelning av kunskapsbaserade och icke kunskapsbaserade branscher. Med tanke på svårigheterna att mäta intellektuellt kapital kan också ett annat mått på intellektuellt kapital användas i vidare forskning. / Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate whether there is a relation between intellectual capital and corporate performance or not. Another aim of the study is to investigate if there is any difference in the portion of intellectual capital between companies belonging to knowledge based industries and companies belonging to non knowledge based industries. Method: This is a quantitative study on companies listed on Nasdaq OMX Stockholm. Data from 307 companies were used in this study, and the data were collected from the companies annual reports from 2017 using Thomson Reuters Datastream. This study applies a correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis and an independent t-test. Result and conclusion: The study shows a weak positive relationship between intellectual capital and corporate performance which is not significant which means it could depend on coincidences. The result also shows that companies in non knowledge based industries possess more intellectual capital than companies in knowledge based industries. Suggestions for further research: Our suggestion for further research is to use a different classification of knowledge based and non knowledge based industries. Due to the difficulties of measuring intellectual capital a different measure of intellectual capital can be used in further research. Contribution of the thesis: The contribution of the study is that there is a weak positive relation between intellectual capital and corporate performance which is not significant. Furthermore, companies in non knowledge based industries possess more intellectual capital than companies in knowledge based industries.

Grandes transformações sociais, concomitantemente ao crescimento da atividade industrial e seu consequente impacto no meio ambiente, fizeram com que a preservação ecológica se tornasse parte importante das estratégias organizacionais. Conceitualmente, o desenvolvimento sustentável das organizações busca o equilíbrio entre as variáveis econômica, social e ecológica. Deste modo, com o intuito de verificar se as práticas de proteção ambiental das empresas são recompensadas pelo mercado, este estudo teve o objetivo de analisar, por meio da utilização de técnicas de análise fatorial e de ferramentas computacionais, a existência de correlação entre o desempenho financeiro e o desempenho ambiental de uma amostra de empresas posicionadas entre as maiores organizações, em valor de mercado, listadas na Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo - Bovespa. Por meio da filtragem de informações, a amostra e o número de variáveis foram reduzidos, a fim de se obter um banco de dados sem informações faltantes, permitindo a aplicação das técnicas estatísticas com maior grau de confiabilidade. Considerando os indicadores analisados nos cruzamentos de fatores rotacionados realizados na presente pesquisa, os resultados obtidos revelam a independência entre os dois grupos de variáveis, concluindo que o desempenho ambiental das empresas não impacta sobre o desempenho financeiro das mesmas. / Great social changes, along with the growth of industrial activity and its consequent impact on the environment, caused the ecological preservation became an important part of organizational strategies. Conceptually, sustainable development of organizations seeks a balance between economic, social and ecological variables related to business operations. Thus, in order to verify if the environmental protection practices of companies are rewarded by the market, this study aims to analyze, through the use of means of factorial analysis and computational tools, the existence of a correlation between the financial performance and environmental performance of a sample of companies placed among the largest organizations in market value, listed on the São Paulo Stock Exchange - Bovespa. Through filtering of information, the sample and the number of variables were reduced in order to obtain a database without missing information, allowing the application of statistical techniques with higher degree of reliability. Whereas the indicators analyzed in the crosses of rotated factors performed in this study, the results show the independence between the two groups of variables, concluding that the environmental performance of companies has no impact on the financial performance of the same.

Alterações nos regulamentos, mudanças no comportamento do consumidor e potenciais ganhos de competitividade são alguns dos motivos citados por gestores como motivadores para a adoção de várias práticas de gestão ambiental. Estas práticas afetam, de acordo com outros estudos, os desempenhos ambiental e financeiro das empresas. No entanto, práticas diferentes afetam de forma diferente os desempenhos mencionados, ou ainda algumas práticas podem ser usadas de forma propagandísticas, podendo afetar o desempenho financeiro, mas não necessariamente o desempenho ambiental.. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar se há relação entre as práticas de gestão ambiental (aqui divididas em \'práticas de planejamento e organização\', \'práticas operacionais\' e \'práticas comunicacionais\') utilizadas pelas empresas e os desempenhos ambiental e financeiro destas por meio da análise de empresas do setor químico brasileiro, utilizando modelagem de equações estruturais (Structural Equation Modeling - SEM) e uma survey para coleta dos dados subjetivoprimários (percepção dos gestores). Para tanto, foi desenvolvido um modelo teórico e construído um diagrama de caminhos de relações causais que foi convertido em um conjunto de modelos estruturais e de mensuração. Para testar o modelo proposto, um teste empírico foi aplicado em empresas do setor químico brasileiro. Os resultados deste teste foram os seguintes: (a) PGAs de planejamento e organização possuem uma relação positiva com o desempenho ambiental e o com desempenho financeiro; (b) PGAs operacionais possuem uma relação negativa com o desempenho financeiro; (c) PGAs comunicacionais possuem uma relação positiva com o desempenho financeiro; (d) Não há relação estatisticamente significativa entre as PGAs operacionais e o desempenho ambiental; (e) Não há relação estatisticamente significativa entre as PGAs comunicacionais e o desempenho ambiental; (f) Não há relação estatisticamente significativa entre o desempenho ambiental e o desempenho financeiro. Neste estudo, as práticas de gestão ambiental se relacionam mais significativamente com o desempenho financeiro, podendo indicar, na amostra estudada, um perfil menos proativo de gestão ambiental, com foco na adequação legar para a continuar com um bom desempenho financeiro. / Regulation modifications, changes in consumer behavior, and potential competitiveness gains have motivated managers to adopt a number of environmental management practices. These practices affect, according to other studies, environmental and financial performance of companies. However, different practices act differently upon the aforementioned performances. Some practices may even be used in a propagandistic way, which may affect the financial performance, but not necessarily the environmental one. Thus, this study aims to determine whether there is relationship between environmental management practices (here divided into \'planning and organizational practices\', \'operational practices\', and \'communication practices\') used by companies and their environmental and financial performance by analyzing companies in the Brazilian chemical industry, using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and a survey to collect data according to the perception of managers. As a result, a theoretical model was developed and a diagram of causal relationships paths was built and converted into a set of structural models and measurement. To test the model, an empirical test was applied to companies in the Brazilian chemical industry. The results of this test were: (a) There is a positive relationship between planning and organizational practices and both environmental and financial performances; (b) There is a negative relationship between operational practices and financial performance; (c) There is a positive relationship between communication practices and financial performance; (d) there is no statistically significant relationship between operational practices and environmental performance; (e) there is no statistically significant relationship between communication practices and environmental performance; (f) there is no statistically significant relationship between environmental performance and financial performance. In this study, environmental management practices relates more significantly to the financial performance and may indicate, in the sample, a less proactive profile environmental management, focusing on theadequacy bequeath to continue with a good financial performance.

Submitted by Vanessa Nunes (vnunes@unisinos.br) on 2015-03-17T13:18:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 000008D7.pdf: 814445 bytes, checksum: 325a2761ecd2f034441b641fb7f5f9b2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-17T13:18:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 000008D7.pdf: 814445 bytes, checksum: 325a2761ecd2f034441b641fb7f5f9b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-30 / Nenhuma / Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar se o desempenho econômico e financeiro de empresas de capital aberto é igual ao daquelas que continuam com capital fechado no setor em que atuam no Brasil. Para a realização da análise foi aplicado o teste de hipótese não paramétrico de U de Mann Whitney. Desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa aplicada, com abordagens quantitativas, descritiva e documental. A amostra contou com 1.246 empresas médias e grandes, de capital aberto e fechado, listadas na revista Exame Melhores e Maiores da Editora Abril, com a divulgação dos indicadores de desempenho econômico e financeiros realizados com base em 21 setores classificados. Dentre os indicadores divulgados foram selecionados os econômicos (crescimento das vendas, rentabilidade do patrimônio legal e rentabilidade das vendas) e financeiros (endividamento geral, endividamento a longo prazo, liquidez geral e liquidez corrente), expressos em valores índices e percentuais, que representam a relação ou proporção das informações econômicas e financeiras das demonstrações contábeis das empresas em estudo, utilizados no processo de análise dos dados. Destaca-se que, a maioria dos resultados do teste de hipótese aplicado aos setores perfaz um montante de 61,73% que aceitam a hipótese nula (H0), indicando que a distribuição do indicador de desempenho financeiro ou econômico em média é a mesma entre as empresas com capital fechado e as empresas com capital aberto. Assim, a expectativa de ocorrer diferença entre o desempenho das empresas em virtude da formação do capital próprio, pode ser desconsiderada mediante os resultados apontados. Entretanto, 31,12% desses resultados aponta rejeição à hipótese nula, tendo-se então a hipótese alternativa (H1) com a afirmação de que a distribuição do indicador de desempenho financeiro ou econômico em média é diferente entre as empresas com capital fechado em relação às de capital aberto, evidenciando resultados diferentes nos setores, e ainda a maioria dos resultados segue uma tendência de ser melhor em um dos grupos estudados. Tais resultados apontaram uma tendência de apresentar um melhor desempenho econômico e financeiro para as empresas de capital fechado. / This study had as objective to analyze if the economic and financial performance of public companies with opened capital is equal to those which remain with closed capital in the sector they act in Brazil. For achieving the analysis it was applied the non-parametric hypothesis test from U de Mann Whitney. It has developed an applied research, with described, documentary and amount of approaches. The sample counted with 1.246 (a thousand two hundred and forty-six) medium and large companies, from opened and closed capital, listed in Best and Biggest Exam magazine, by Abril Editor, with the announcement of the economic and financial performance indicators have been done on the basis of 21 classified sectors. Among the released indicators were selected the economic (the growth in sales, profitability of the legal property and sales profitableness) and financial (general indebtedness, a long-term indebtedness, general liquidity and current liquidity), expressed in values indexes and percentages, that represent the connection or ratio from the economical and financial information of the accounts demonstrations of the studied companies, utilized in the data analysis process. Stand out that, most of results of hypothesis test applied to the sectors attain an amount of 61,73% that accept the null hypothesis (H0) indicating that the distribution of the financ ial performance indicator or economic on average is the same among the companies with closed capital and the ones with opened capital. So the expectation in occurring dif ferences between the performance of the companies by virtue of own capital formation , can be considered by pointed results. But 31,12% about these results indicate rejection to the null hypothesis, so, there is the alternative hypothesis (H1) with the affirmation that the distribution of the performance financial indicator or economic on average is different between the companies with closed capital in connection to the ones with opened capital. Because of this there are indicators that point out significant differences between the performance of the two groups of companies, evidencing different results on the sectors, and they still follow the most of results a trend in being better in one of the studied groups. Such results point out a tendency to show a better economic and financial performance to the companies with closed capital.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-03-17T18:54:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 0000139E.pdf: 664883 bytes, checksum: 5ccc2dfbf29a43c19847bddfd1cb3187 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-17T18:54:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 0000139E.pdf: 664883 bytes, checksum: 5ccc2dfbf29a43c19847bddfd1cb3187 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-01 / Nenhuma / O objetivo deste trabalho é a identificação da relação existente entre a reputação corporativa, o desempenho socioeconômico e a atividade exportadora das vinícolas brasileiras e espanholas. É utilizada análise de dados em painel a partir da coleta de dados secundários das vinícolas brasileiras e espanholas juntamente com entrevistas com especialistas e produtores, identificando que a reputação corporativa influencia positivamente a atividade exportadora atuando como qualificador para inserção no mercado internacional de indústrias emergentes. Não foram identificadas na amostra analisada relações entre a reputação corporativa e o desempenho socioeconômico das empresas. O estudo contribui para a literatura examinando os efeitos da reputação corporativa sobre a atividade exportadora e o desempenho socioeconômico alargando para este recurso a discussão sobre indutores da atividade internacional da firma. Contribui também ao apresentar novos indicadores para mensuração do desempenho social e ao não identificar na reputação um preditivo para a melhoria do desempenho socioeconômico. / The objective of this work is the identification of the relationship between corporate reputation, the socio-economic performance and the export activity of Brazilian and Spanish wineries. It is used panel data analysis from the collection of secondary data from the Brazilian and Spanish wineries along interviews with experts and producers, identifying the corporate reputation positively influences the export activity acting as qualifier for insertion in the international market of emerging industries. Not identified in the sample analyzed relationships between corporate reputation and the socio-economic performance of companies. The study contributes to the literature examining the effects of corporate reputation on the export activities and the socio-economic performance for this feature extending the discussion on drivers of international activity of the firm. It also helps to introduce new indicators for measuring the social performance and to identify a predictive reputation for improving the socio-economic performance.

Les performances financières et sociales sont des caractéristiques institutionnelles importantes qui permettent aux pauvres et aux ‘quasi-pauvres' d'avoir accès aux crédits dans des conditions favorables, et aboutissent en même temps à un fonctionnement durable et aux mécanismes efficaces de gouvernances dans les institutions micro financières (IMFs). Dans ce contexte, cette étude a été menée afin de déterminer les variables financières/sociales/gouvernables qui peuvent influer les indicateurs de performance financière et sociale des IMFs à l'échelle mondiale; et de développer pour la première fois des arbres logiques décisionnels (en grappes) simples et pratiques qui peuvent être considérés comme des outils précieux aidant la mise en œuvre de stratégies efficaces pour les différents types des IMFs (à but lucratif et non lucratif) à l'échelle nationale.La première partie de cette thèse expose les données financières et sociales globales qui ont été extraites au cours des cinq dernières années (2007-2011) à partir de plusieurs bases de données bien connues (ex. Microfinance Information Exchange, Mix Market, Rating fund, etc…) pour les IMFs choisies classées comme ayant 4 ou 5 diamants (soit, 263 IMFs à but non lucratif et 135 IMFs à but lucratif) distribuées à travers les continents. Parmi les 263 IMFs à but non lucratif, l'échantillon de données a été composé de 192 organisations non-gouvernementales (ONGs), 42 institutions non bancaires et 29 coopératives. Un grand nombre de variables prédictives (54) ont été recueillies reflétant les aspects de l'environnement financier de ces IMFs (par exemple l'index des dépenses administratives, l'index de solvabilité, le coût par prêt, le nombre des déposants, etc…), les caractéristiques sociales (ex. profondeur, pourcentage des emprunteurs actifs ‘femmes', marché rural/urbain, niveau de pauvreté, etc…) et les mécanismes de gouvernance (ex. la taille de l'entreprise, la taille du conseil, la régulation, l'audit, l'affiliation à un réseau, l'assurance, etc…). Cette 1ère partie compare également l'efficacité de la plupart des méthodes/modèles statistiques les plus utilisés (incluant la régression linéaire, la régression logistique, les méthodes bayésiennes, les réseaux artificiels des neurones, l'analyse en composantes principales, etc….) pour estimer les indicateurs de performance financière et sociale au sein des IMFs. Elle inclue aussi une description détaillée du processus de construction des arbres décisionnels en grappes qui peut être utilisé pour cette estimation ainsi que toutes les étapes reliées (comprenant l'évaluation des divisions, l'assignement des catégories aux nœuds, les valeurs manquantes avec des répartiteurs de substitution, les critères d'arrêt, etc….).La deuxième partie explore les relations quantitatives entre les quatre indicateurs de performance financière les plus couramment utilisés [autosuffisance opérationnelle (operational self-sufficiency OSS), marge bénéficiaire (profit margin PM), rendement des actifs (return on assets ROA), et rendement des capitaux propres (return on equity ROE)] et les principales variables prédictives pour les IMFs choisies à but non lucratif (incluses à partir de 53 pays) à travers l'application de la modélisation par arbre de régression. Pour chaque indicateur de performance financière, plusieurs arbres de régression non élagués (684) ont été développés : (i) en utilisant toutes les variables prédictives, (ii) en utilisant toutes les variables prédictives financières seulement, (iii) en utilisant toutes les variables prédictives sociales seulement, (iv) en utilisant toutes les variables prédictives de gouvernance seulement, (v) en appliquant une seule variable prédictive à la fois, (vi) en excluant chaque variable à la fois du groupe potentiel des variables prédictives, et (vi) en forçant la séparation initiale de l'arbre à travers l'utilisation de la variable prédictive préférée afin d'explorer le pouvoir prédictif ... / Financial and social performances are important institutional characteristics that allow ‘the poor and the near-poor' to have access to credit in favorable conditions, and drives sustainable efficiency and effective governance mechanisms in MFIs (microfinance institutions). In this context, this study was conducted to determine the most influencing financial/social/governance variables (with their relative importance in %) that may affect the financial and social MFI performance indicators on worldwide basis; and to develop simple and practical microfinance tree-models (for the first time) that can be considered valuable tools helping with the implementation of efficient strategies among nonprofit and profit MFIs at a national scale.The first part of this thesis exposes the global financial and social data that has been extracted over the five recent years (2007-2011) from several well-known databases (e.g., Microfinance Information Exchange, Mix Market, Rating fund, etc.) for the chosen MFIs ranked four or five diamonds (i.e., 263 nonprofit MFIs and 135 profit ones) distributed widely over the continents. Among the 263 nonprofit MFIs, the data sample was composed of 192 Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), 42 non-bank institutions and 29 cooperatives. A large number of predictor variables (54) have been collected capturing aspects of the financial environment of these MFIs (e.g., administrative expense ratio, ratio of solvency, cost per loan, number of depositors, write-off-ratio, etc.), the social characteristics (e.g., depth, percent of women active borrowers, rural/urban market, poverty level, etc.) and the governance mechanisms (e.g., firm size, board size, regulation, audit, network affiliation, insurance, etc.). This first part compares also the efficiencies of the most used statistical methods/models (including linear regression, logistic regression, Bayesian methods, artificial neural networks, cluster analysis, principal component analysis, decision-trees, etc.) for estimating diverse financial and social performance MFIs' indicators. It includes also a detailed description of the tree building process that has been used for such estimation and all related steps (involving evaluating splits, assigning categories to nodes, missing values with surrogate splitters, stopping criteria, etc.).The second part explores quantitative relationships between the four commonly worldwide used financial performance indicators (operational self-sufficiency OSS, profit margin PM, return on assets ROA, and return on equity ROE) and key financial/social/governance predictor variables for the chosen non-profit MFIs (included from 53 countries) through the application of regression-tree modeling. For each financial performance indicator, several un-pruned regression trees (684) were developed: (i) using all predictor variables, (ii) all financial predictor variables only, (iii) all social predictor variables only, (iv) all governance predictor variables only, (v) applying only a single variable at a time, (vi) excluding each variable one at a time from the potential pool of predictor variables, and (vii) forcing the initial split of the tree using the preferred predictor variable for exploring the predictive power of independent predictors. The obtained results demonstrate that the strongest relationships were associated with ROE and ROA, the proportion of variance explained being equal to 99.8% and 99.5% respectively, followed by PM (97%) and OSS (95%). The second part also showed that the financial predictor variables did interfere differently in building the financial performance regression trees and associated relationships where ; administrative expense ratio influenced ROE (100%) ; average loan balance per borrower affected OSS (100%); cost per borrower, number of depositors, operating expense:loan portfolio, and risk coverage had significant impacts on ROA/ROE (98.5-100%).

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-06-22T16:33:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tarço da Costa dos Santos_.pdf: 1338016 bytes, checksum: 05409e4637fc6c7e27b027fe5b6259ba (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-22T16:33:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tarço da Costa dos Santos_.pdf: 1338016 bytes, checksum: 05409e4637fc6c7e27b027fe5b6259ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-24 / Nenhuma / Esta pesquisa buscou analisar o desempenho econômico-financeiro das companhias abertas listadas na BM&FBOVESPA pelo método Estrutural-Diferencial. A análise deu-se em dois períodos, a saber: de 2003 a 2007 e de 2010 a 2015. Com isso foi possível não só analisar o desempenho econômico-financeiro do conjunto das companhias em cada período, como também comparar os resultados de ambos os períodos. Esta análise foi desenvolvida por meio da variação dos elementos patrimoniais das companhias e essa variação foi relacionada com os indicadores de liquidez, endividamento e rentabilidade, fazendo-se uso do método Estrutural-Diferencial que apresenta uma série de vantagens na descrição das variações ocorridas nos elementos patrimoniais das companhias. Para tanto, fez-se algumas adaptações no método, pois ele foi construído e aperfeiçoado para avaliar questões relacionadas ao crescimento regional, emprego, entre outros. Crê-se que essa seja uma contribuição importante desse estudo, uma vez que os resultados encontrados ofereceram informações significativas para a estratificação das companhias, no que se refere à determinação de alguns componentes relevantes para a mensuração do desempenho econômico-financeiro. Os resultados mostraram que no primeiro período o conjunto das companhias apresentou um melhor desempenho. Naquele período verificou-se um crescimento dos indicadores de liquidez e rentabilidade, e redução dos indicadores de endividamento das companhias. No segundo período os indicadores de desempenho das companhias pioraram, evidenciando uma redução dos indicadores de liquidez e rentabilidade e crescimento dos indicadores de endividamento das companhias. / The purpose of this study is to analyze the financial performance of corporations listed on the São Paulo Stock Exchange (BM&FBOVESPA) using the Structural Differential method. This analysis was conducted in two periods: from 2003 to 2007 and from 2010 to 2015. This made it possible not only to analyze the financial-economic performance of companies in each period but also to compare the results in both periods. This analysis was based on variations in their asset balances, which were correlated with their liquidity, debt and profitability indicators using the Structural-Differential method, which offers a series of advantages for describing the variations occurred in the companies’ asset balances. Several adaptations to the method were required, since it was built and perfected to analyze factors related to regional growth, employment, etc. It is believed that this represents an important contribution made by this study, since the results generated significant data for stratifying the companies in order to determine certain relevant components used to measure financial performance. The results show that in general the companies performed better in the first period than in the second. During the first period, the companies registered increases in liquidity and profitability indicators and declines in debt indicators. However, in the second period, the companies’ indicators worsened, since the results show declines in their liquidity and profitability indicators and increases in their debt indicators.