L’objectif de notre travail est de vérifier s’il existe une relation entre les mécanismes de gouvernance exercée par les capital-Investisseurs et la performance financière des entreprises camerounaises. Selon les théories juridico – financières et cognitives, des mécanismes peuvent influencer la performance financière. A partir d’un échantillon de 70 entreprises, observées sur la période de cinq ans, nos résultats indiquent que, conformément aux prédictions de la théorie de l’agence et celles qui ont trait aux théories cognitives de la gouvernance, la performance financière croît en présence des mécanismes traditionnels et liés au capital-Investissement. D’autre part, les capital-Investisseurs développent un mécanisme de gouvernance disciplinaire et cognitif spécifiques à un environnement africain particulier. / The objective of our work is to test a relationship between governance mechanisms using by venture capitalist and financial performance of Cameroonians companies. According to the legal theories - Financial and cognitive, mechanisms can influence financial performance. From a sample of 70 firms over the period of five years, our results indicate that, as predicted by the theory of agency and one that features the cognitive aspects of governance, financial performance grew in the presence of traditional mechanisms and specific venture capital.

Background: Females are underrepresented in Swedish boards, and in 2016 females represented 29 % of all board members. Many researchers have studied the relationship between the gender composition of company boards and company performance, but they have not managed to reach consensus in explaining the relationship. Pure shareholder theory suggests that the company philosophy is to focus on profitability and shareholder maximization. If the gender distribution in the board affects the performance of the company, some companies may underperform because of their board composition. If so, this is an issue that should be solved according to the shareholder theory and some adjustments to the composition should be done.   Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether or not companies with female directors on their boards perform better than companies without female directors on their boards. The target group of the study is Swedish listed companies with a statutory domicile in Sweden.   Method: For conducting this research, data for a period of three years (2013-2015) are collected from a sample of 94 Swedish listed companies. The performance measurements investigated are the ratios; ROE, profit margin, ROCE, EBIT margin and EPS. As for control variables, the board size and company size are used. An independent samples t-test is conducted, as well as a correlation matrix analysis and a regression analysis, to fulfil the purpose of this study.   Conclusion: The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between female representation in the boardroom and the ratio EBIT margin. However, the correlation strength is so weak that it is not fair to draw the conclusion that female representation has a positive effect on the financial performance of the companies. Also, the regression analysis shows no relationship between the two variables. However, this study contributes by showing that there is no negative correlation between the presence of females on boards and the financial performance of the companies.

Thesis (Ph. D. (Accounting)) -- University of Limpopo, 2017. / This research examined the effect of carbon emissions reduction on financial performance Johannesburg Stock Exchange’s SRI companies. Empirical results of corporate fossil energy-based dependence on environment and economic performance thus far have been ambiguous. The major objective of this research was to examine the effect of emissions and energy intensity on market and accounting based performance measures. This research adopted the positivist paradigm approach and therefore used a quantitative causal research approach. Archival data was collected from fourteen JSE’s SRI companies for seven years. The research applied a panel data analysis, a total of 98 observations were derived from panel data set. Multiple linear and causal econometric models were applied in the data analyses namely ordinary least squares (OLS), fixed effects and dynamic models. OLS results showed a significant effect of energy usage intensity (ENGINT) on return on assets (ROA), and return on sales (ROS), with carbon emissions intensity (EMSINT) exhibiting a significant effect on return on assets (ROA), and return on sales (ROS). When the study controlled for omitted variable bias and possible orthogonality condition, a significant negative effect of energy intensity (ENGINT) on equity returns (EQRTNS) was found. Impulse response analysis revealed that shocks in energy intensity on average tend to decrease firms’ financial value, while shocks in emissions intensity on average increase firms’ financial value within the sampled companies. Whilst testing for causality, the Panel Granger causal analysis showed unidirectional effect of EMSINT on EQRTNS, and bidirectional causal relationship between EMSINT and MVE/S at 1% significant level. This research made a contribution by extending the model used by previous researchers through the use of multiple market and accounting based performance measures which were analysed using advanced econometric models: Arellano-Bond DPD model, impulse response function in short PVARs and Bootstrap dynamic panel threshold model. In addition, this thesis suggested a model to advance future research on carbon emissions and firm performance and managerial decision propensity for carbon reduction. / Carbon Disclosure Project and School of Accountancy of the University of Limpopo

Purpose: This study is made to analyze and examine effects of an IPO before and after a stock is introduced on the market, and if the age of the company makes a difference on the day it becomes listed. And if it could be associated with an improved financial performance through several assumptions. Theory: This study is based on three different theories, the Pecking Order Theory, Agency Cost Theory and Window-Dressing Theory, but could also be supported by previously recognized research. Method: The theories subjected of the study is based on quantitative elements of deductive and theory-testing approaches in different angles of the company's financial status.  Empiries: 54 companies were involved in a study of Initial Public Offering in the years of 2014 and 2015, the selection of the 54 companies were divided in two groups depending on which stock market they were listed on. We then made further research based on three questions. Is getting listed on the stock market an advantage for financial growth? If the age of the company gives it an advantage in financial growth when it gets listed on the stock market? Does it affect the financial growth depending on where the company got listed? Conclusion:Generally we can see a connection between choice of trading venue and the company's age of an IPO does affect the impact of financial growth and performance. / Syfte: Studien avser att analysera effekter av en börsnotering innan och efter, samt om ett bolags ålder vid noteringsdagen kan associeras med en förbättrad finansiell prestation genom olika antaganden. Teori: Denna studie utgår från tre teorier, Pecking Order Theory, Agency Cost Theory och Window-Dressing Theory, men även en referensram av tidigare forskning.  Metod: Studien utgår från en kvantitativ ansats med inslag av deduktiv- och teoriprövande ansatser.  Empiri: Ett urval bestående av 54 bolag studerades utifrån deras börsnotering som skedde år 2014 och 2015. Urvalet av 54 bolag delades upp i två grupper beroende på vilken marknadsplats som de var listade på. Därefter gjordes en vidare undersökning baserat på tre forskningsfrågor. Leder en börsnotering till tillväxt i bolaget? Påverkar valet av handelsplats ett bolags tillväxt vid börsnotering? Är bolagets ålder vid noteringsdagen associerat med förbättrad finansiell prestation? Slutsats: IPO har generellt sett en påverkan på bolags finansiella prestation. Beroende på val av handelsplats gav den finansiella prestationen olika utslag. Samband mellan ett bolags ålder vid en IPO verkade även ha en inverkan på den ekonomiska tillväxten.

This study sought to examine whether the use of tax incentives to boost investment into the SME sector is an effective policy for economic development. More specifically, the study focused on the Section 12J tax incentive of the Income Tax Act of South Africa, which underpins the current venture capital companies' (VCC) regime for this country. This VCC regime is aimed at addressing the challenge of lack of access to finance by SMEs, and it does so by incentivising venture capital investors to provide equity capital to qualifying SMEs. These SMEs are, in turn, expected to grow and help reduce the economic challenges of poverty and unemployment in South Africa. A mixed methods research approach was adopted for this study. It was also inductive in nature, based on primary data collected from a survey of various stakeholders of the VCC regime using a convenience sampling method. The data variables of the study were based on factors relating to the impact that the VCC regime has had on SMEs in terms of financial performance and creation of decent employment. The study concludes that the VCC regime has had a positive impact on the South African SME sector in terms of financial performance and creation of decent employment. As a result, the VCC regime has shown to be an effective tool for addressing various economic challenges, such as: lack of access to finance faced by SMEs, high failure rate of SME businesses, and poverty alleviation through provision of decent employment by SMEs. Thus, the resultant recommendation submitted in the study is that the VCC regime should as such be extended beyond its current sunset date in order to ensure the South African economy continues to enjoy the benefits that the regime has to offer.

This master's thesis is focused on the evaluation of the financial performance of a selected company and its competitors by benchmarking from 2014 to 2018. It is divided into a theoretical part, which introduces the concept of performance, selected classical and modern methods of financial performance applied in the practical part. After the evaluation of these applied methods in the last part of the thesis will be proposed measures to improve the current situation.

The diploma thesis deals with the evaluation of the performance of the company Westrock Packaging Systems Svitavy, s. r. o. using the Balanced Scorecard method. The theoretical part of the thesis defines the theoretical basis of the literature, which forms the basis for other parts. In the analytical part, the researched company is introduced and a strategic and financial analysis is prepared. Based on the obtained outputs from the performed analyzes, a proposal for the implementation of the BSC model is elaborated in the last part of the diploma thesis, which should lead to an increase in the company's performance.

This master´s thesis deals his issue of company performance measurement. In the first part there is given theoretical framework of this topic. The practical part contains analysis of the current situation of the company with two competitors. Based on the analysis there are proposing measures, which will contribute to improving business performance.

Sammanfattning Syfte: Denna studies syfte är att undersöka om det finns ett samband mellan intellektuellt kapital och finansiell prestation i företag samt om det finns ett samband mellan humankapital och finansiell prestation.  Metod: Studien antar en kvantitativ metod som undersöker svenska börsnoterade företag på Nasdaq OMX Stockholm och NGM Equity. En longitudinell design har genomförts med en tidsperiod på fem år där data är insamlat från 297 företag. Studien baseras på sekundärdata från företagens årsredovisningar som inhämtas från databasen Retriever Business. Data har analyserats genom univariat analys, korrelationsanalys samt multipel regressionsanalys i statistikprogrammet SPSS. Resultat & slutsats: Resultatet i studien visar att det finns ett positivt samband mellan intellektuellt kapital och finansiell prestation som är signifikant. Resultatet visar även att det finns ett signifikant positivt samband mellan humankapital och finansiell prestation. Vid jämförelse visar resultatet att det inte finns stora skillnader mellan dessa två samband eller mängden intellektuellt kapital och humankapital hos företagen.  Examensarbetets bidrag: Studien ger bevis att det erhålls ett positivt samband mellan intellektuellt kapital och finansiell prestation samt även mellan humankapital som egen komponent och finansiell prestation. Vidare ges även resultat att sambanden inte skiljer sig avsevärt mycket vilket tyder på att humankapital är den bidragande komponenten i helheten av intellektuellt kapital. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Ett förslag till vidare forskning är att välja ett annat mått för variabeln finansiell prestation än det mått som representeras i denna studie. En begränsning i den här studien är att generalisera resultatet till andra företag och därav är ett ytterligare förslag till fortsatt forskning att studera mindre företag. Ett sista förslag är att ta ut alla tre komponenter i intellektuellt kapital och undersöka ytterligare hur de enskilt kan påverka prestationen inom företag. / Abstract Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there is a relationship between intellectual capital and financial performance in companies and whether there is a relationship between human capital and financial performance. Method: The study adopts a quantitative method that examines Swedish listed companies on Nasdaq OMX Stockholm and NGM Equity. A longitudinal design has been used with a time period of five years where data is collected from 297 companies. The study is based on secondary data from the companies' annual reports obtained from the Retriever Business database. Data have been analyzed through univariate analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis in the statistical program SPSS. Result & Conclusions: The results of the study show that there is a significant positive relationship between intellectual capital and financial performance. The results also show that there is a significant positive relationship between human capital and financial performance. Contribution of the thesis: The study provides evidence that a positive relationship is obtained between intellectual capital and financial performance as well as between human capital as its own component and financial performance. Furthermore, results are also given that the relationships do not differ significantly, which indicates that human capital is the contributing component in the entirety of intellectual capital. Suggestions for future research: A proposal for further research is to choose a different measure for the variable financial performance than the measure represented in this study. A limitation in this study is to generalize the results to smaller companies and hence a further proposal for further research is to study smaller companies. A final proposal is to take out all three components of intellectual capital and further investigate how they individually affect performance within companies.

It is widely held that CEOs are central to the successful financial performance of companies. Yet, little attention has been given to the correlation between CEO tenure and financial performance of companies specifically. The purpose of this study was to determine whether CEO tenure has an impact on financial performance of companies in South Africa. The financial performance variables for the study were ROA and ROE. The performance of 30 JSE listed companies from three industries, namely, mining, retail and real estate, between 1995 to 2007 was examined. This gave a total of 62 data observations across the selected three tenure categories: short tenure (one to three years); medium tenure (four to five years); and long tenure (six or more years). The results showed that the average tenure for South African CEOs was four years; this was slightly lower than the findings of previous studies conducted in the USA. Medium and long tenure showed better financial performance for ROA than short tenure, while there was no statistically significant finding for ROE. Therefore from an ROA point of view, as tenure increases so does financial performance, until a certain point at which it is anticipated that lengthy tenure will lead to a decline in financial performance. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted