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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Classical mechanisms of recollision and high harmonic generation / Mécanismes classiques de recollisions et génération d'harmoniques d'ordres élevés

Berman, Simon 03 December 2018 (has links)
Trente ans après la démonstration de la production d'harmoniques laser par interaction laser-gaz non linéaire, la génération d'harmoniques d’ordre élevées (HHG) est utilisée pour sonder la dynamique moléculaire et réalise son potentiel technologique comme source compacte d'impulsions attosecondes XUV à la gamme de rayons X. Malgré les progrès expérimentaux, le coût de calcul excessif des simulations fondées sur les premiers principes et la difficulté de dériver systématiquement des modèles réduits pour l'interaction non perturbatif et à échelles multiples d'une impulsion laser intense avec un gaz macroscopique d'atomes ont entravé les efforts théoriques. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions des modèles réduits de premier principe pour HHG utilisant la mécanique classique. En utilisant la dynamique non linéaire, nous élucidons le rôle indispensable joué par le potentiel ionique lors des recollisions dans la limite du champ fort. Ensuite, en empruntant une technique de la physique des plasmas, nous dérivons systématiquement une hiérarchie de modèles hamiltoniens réduits pour l’interaction cohérente entre le laser et les atomes lors de la propagation des impulsions. Les modèles réduits permettent une dynamique électronique soit classique, soit quantique. Nous construisons un modèle classique qui concorde quantitativement avec le modèle quantique pour la propagation des composantes dominantes du champ laser. Dans une géométrie simplifiée, nous montrons que le rayonnement à fréquence anormalement élevée observé dans les simulations résulte de l’interaction délicate entre le piégeage d’électrons et les recollisions de plus grande énergie provoqués par les effets de propagation. / Thirty years after the demonstration of the production of high laser harmonics through nonlinear laser-gas interaction, high harmonic generation (HHG) is being used to probe molecular dynamics in real time and is realizing its technological potential as a tabletop source of attosecond pulses in the XUV to soft X-ray range. Despite experimental progress, theoretical efforts have been stymied by the excessive computational cost of first-principles simulations and the difficulty of systematically deriving reduced models for the non-perturbative, multiscale interaction of an intense laser pulse with a macroscopic gas of atoms. In this thesis, we investigate first-principles reduced models for HHG using classical mechanics. Using nonlinear dynamics, we elucidate the indispensable role played by the ionic potential during recollisions in the strong-field limit. Then, borrowing a technique from plasma physics, we systematically derive a hierarchy of reduced Hamiltonian models for the self-consistent interaction between the laser and the atoms during pulse propagation. The reduced models can accommodate either classical or quantum electron dynamics. We build a classical model which agrees quantitatively with the quantum model for the propagation of the dominant components of the laser field. In a simplified geometry, we show that the anomalously high frequency radiation seen in simulations results from the delicate interplay between electron trapping and higher energy recollisions brought on by propagation effects.
62

Derivation of planar diffeomorphisms from Hamiltonians with a kick

Unknown Date (has links)
In this thesis we will discuss connections between Hamiltonian systems with a periodic kick and planar diffeomorphisms. After a brief overview of Hamiltonian theory we will focus, as an example, on derivations of the Hâenon map that can be obtained by considering kicked Hamiltonian systems. We will conclude with examples of Hâenon maps of interest. / by Zalmond C. Barney. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2011. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2011. Mode of access: World Wide Web.
63

Energia cinética e pontos de equilíbrio de sistemas hamiltonianos / Kinetic energy and equilibrium points of Hamiltonian systems

Renato Belinelo Bortolatto 03 June 2008 (has links)
Estudaremos uma influência não trivial da energia cinética sobre pontos de equilébrio de sistemas Hamiltonianos a partir da segunda parte do artigo de Garcia & Tal \"The influence of the kinetic energy in equilibrium of Hamiltonian systems\". Nesse artigo demonstra-se, para um exemplo explícito de Hamiltonianos C(R4) definidos por Hi = Ti + para i {1,2}, que as bacias de atração de H1 e H2 são subvariedades de R4 com dimensão distinta. Discutiremos aqui de que forma esse resultado está relacionado com o estudo da estabilidade segundo Liapunov de pontos de equilíbrio de sistemas Hamiltonianos, em especial com a busca de uma inversão para o celebrado teorema de Dirichlet-Lagrange. Por fim apresentamos um novo teorema que estende o resultado acima para toda uma família de energias potenciais ,,k. A saber, mostramos que, se os parâmetros ,,k satisfazem a um simples critério aritmético então as bacias de atração de Hi = Ti + ,,k tem dimensões distintas para i {1, 2}. / We study a non trivial influence of the kinetic energy on equilibrium points of Hamiltonian systems following the second part of Garcia & Tal article \"The influence of the kinetic energy in equilibrium of Hamiltonian systems\". In this article the authors show, for an explicit example of C (R4 ) Hamiltonians defined by Hi = Ti + for i {1, 2}, that the attraction basins of H1 and H2 have distinct dimensions as submanifolds of R4. Well discuss how this result is related to the study of the stability according to Liapunov of equilibrium points of Hamiltonian systems and especially how it is related to the inversion of the celebrated Lagrange-Dirichlet theorem. Finally well prove a new theorem which extends the result above for a whole family of potential energies ,,k. We show that, if the parameters ,,k satisfy a simple arithmetical criteria then the attraction basins of Hi = Ti + ,,k have different dimensions for i {1, 2}.
64

Instabilidade dinâmica das flutuações eletrostáticas em tokamaks / Dynamic Instability of Fluctuations Electrostatic in tokamaks

Marcus, Francisco Alberto 12 September 2002 (has links)
Neste trabalho foi realizado um estudo do transporte de partículas em um plasma, confinado em um campo magnético uniforme, devido às ondas eletrostáticas de deriva. O modelo adotado consiste em descrever o movimento do centro de guia de uma partícula no campo magnético perpendicular a um campo elétrico radial perturbado pelas ondas de deriva. Usamos uma descrição Hamiltoniana para o movimento dos centros de guia. A velocidade de deriva produzida pelo campo elétrico radial é representada pela parte integrável da Hamiltoniana e a esta foram adicionadas perturbações periódicas representando as flutuações do campo elétrico associadas às ondas de deriva. Assim, obtemos órbitas caóticas que determinam o transporte radial das partículas. Apresentamos, para várias condições de equilíbrio, a variação do transporte radial de partículas com a amplitude da perturbação. Utilizamos dados experimentais, sobre a turbulência eletrostática no tokamak TBR-1, para verificar a validade do modelo e a importância das ondas de deriva no transporte radial das partículas. Comparamos os valores do coeficiente de difusão experimental com os do modelo e obtivemos os resultados com a mesma ordem de grandeza. / In this work we have studied the transport of particles in a magnetically confined plasma, due to electrostatic drift waves. The adopted model describes the trajectory of the guiding center of a particle in a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to a radial electric field perturbed by drift waves. We have used the Hamiltonian description for the guiding center trajectory. The drift produced by the radial electric field is represented by the integrable part of the Hamiltonian, while the other part contains periodic perturbations representing the fluctuations of the electric field associated to the drift waves. In this way we obtain chaotic orbits that determine the particles radial transport. For several balance conditions, we present the variation of the radial transport of particles with the amplitude of the perturbation. V/e have used the experimental data of the electrostatic turbulence measured in TBR-1 tokamak to verify, the validity of the model and the importance of the drift waves in the particles radial transport. We have also compared the values of the experimental diffusion coefficient with those provided by using the model, obtaining results with the same order of magnitude.
65

Energia cinética e pontos de equilíbrio de sistemas hamiltonianos / Kinetic energy and equilibrium points of Hamiltonian systems

Bortolatto, Renato Belinelo 03 June 2008 (has links)
Estudaremos uma influência não trivial da energia cinética sobre pontos de equilébrio de sistemas Hamiltonianos a partir da segunda parte do artigo de Garcia & Tal \"The influence of the kinetic energy in equilibrium of Hamiltonian systems\". Nesse artigo demonstra-se, para um exemplo explícito de Hamiltonianos C(R4) definidos por Hi = Ti + para i {1,2}, que as bacias de atração de H1 e H2 são subvariedades de R4 com dimensão distinta. Discutiremos aqui de que forma esse resultado está relacionado com o estudo da estabilidade segundo Liapunov de pontos de equilíbrio de sistemas Hamiltonianos, em especial com a busca de uma inversão para o celebrado teorema de Dirichlet-Lagrange. Por fim apresentamos um novo teorema que estende o resultado acima para toda uma família de energias potenciais ,,k. A saber, mostramos que, se os parâmetros ,,k satisfazem a um simples critério aritmético então as bacias de atração de Hi = Ti + ,,k tem dimensões distintas para i {1, 2}. / We study a non trivial influence of the kinetic energy on equilibrium points of Hamiltonian systems following the second part of Garcia & Tal article \"The influence of the kinetic energy in equilibrium of Hamiltonian systems\". In this article the authors show, for an explicit example of C (R4 ) Hamiltonians defined by Hi = Ti + for i {1, 2}, that the attraction basins of H1 and H2 have distinct dimensions as submanifolds of R4. Well discuss how this result is related to the study of the stability according to Liapunov of equilibrium points of Hamiltonian systems and especially how it is related to the inversion of the celebrated Lagrange-Dirichlet theorem. Finally well prove a new theorem which extends the result above for a whole family of potential energies ,,k. We show that, if the parameters ,,k satisfy a simple arithmetical criteria then the attraction basins of Hi = Ti + ,,k have different dimensions for i {1, 2}.
66

Transporte de partículas no Texas Helimak / Particle Transport In Texas Helimak

Ferro, Rafael Minatogau 14 March 2016 (has links)
Através de um mapa de ondas de deriva, estudamos o transporte de partículas no Texas Helimak, considerando diversos perfis do campo elétrico radial. O Texas Helimak é um equipamento de confinamento magnético caracterizado por linhas de campo helicoidais e que fornece uma aproximação experimental de um plasma unidimensional. Ele possibilita a imposição de um potencial elétrico externo ao plasma, chamado bias, que altera o perfil radial do campo elétrico de equilíbrio e, consequentemente, possui influência sobre as características de transporte no plasma. Para estudar o efeito do bias sobre o transporte, utilizamos um modelo que considera flutuações eletrostáticas, associadas à deriva E x B, como mecanismo de turbulência. Com isso, introduzimos um mapa de ondas de deriva, cujos parâmetros estão relacionados a dados experimentais para diversos valores de bias. Assim, ao variar o bias, pudemos observar a formação e a destruição da curva sem shear, bem como seu efeito sobre o transporte das trajetórias no espaço de fase. / Using a drift wave map, we studied the particle transport in Texas Helimak considering various electric field radial profiles. Texas Helimak is a device for magnetic confinement characterized by helical field lines, and constitutes an experimental approximation to a one-dimensional plasma. It allows for the imposing of an external electric potential, known as bias, which changes the equilibrium electric field radial profile and hence the transport properties of the plasma. In order to study the effects of the bias potential on the particle transport, we used a model with electrostatic fluctuations associated to E x B drift as the turbulence mechanism. Thus, we introduced a drift wave map whose parameters are related to experimental data for various values of bias. Therefore, by varying the bias, we observed the formation and destruction of the shearless curve, as well as its effects on trajectories transport in the map\'s phase space.
67

Variational method for excited states =: 一个处理激态的变分法. / A Variational method for excited states =: Yi ge chu li ji tai de bian fen fa.

January 1992 (has links)
by Chan Kwan Leung. / Parallel title in Chinese characters. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 168-169). / by Chan Kwan Leung. / Acknowledgement --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / Chapter 1. --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Objective of our variational method --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Outline of the content --- p.5 / Chapter 2. --- Formulation of the new variational method / Chapter 2.1 --- Formulation --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2 --- Motivation --- p.15 / Chapter 3. --- The variational method applied to the anharmonic oscillator problem / Chapter 3.1 --- Formalism --- p.18 / Chapter 3.2 --- Relationship with usual variational method --- p.32 / Chapter 3.3 --- Relationship with W.K.B. approximation --- p.37 / Chapter 3.4 --- Perturbative corrections --- p.45 / Chapter 3.5 --- Diagonalization of non-orthogonal basis --- p.57 / Chapter 3.6 --- Perturbative corrections using the non-orthogonal basis --- p.72 / Chapter 3.7 --- Some previous works on the anharmonic oscillator problem --- p.85 / Chapter 4. --- The variational method applied to the helium-like atomic problem / Chapter 4.1 --- Previous work on the problem --- p.90 / Chapter 4.2 --- Formulation of the variational method on the problem --- p.95 / Chapter 4.3 --- Zeroth order results for atomic helium --- p.103 / Chapter 4.4 --- Diagonalization using the non-orthogonal basis --- p.109 / Chapter 4.5 --- Results for some helium-like ions --- p.136 / Chapter 4.6 --- Possibility of generalization to systems with more electrons --- p.140 / Chapter 5 --- Concluding remarks / Chapter 5.1 --- Range of applicability of our variational method --- p.164 / Chapter 5.2 --- Ground state problem --- p.165 / Chapter 5.3 --- Completeness of our 'basis' --- p.166 / References --- p.168
68

O sombreamento de trajetórias no mapa padrão

Abdulack, Samyr Ariel 26 March 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T19:25:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Samyr Ariel Abdulack.pdf: 1631733 bytes, checksum: 7d939ce2577fb7894eb9d9a200d53eb2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Numerical solutions of a mathematical system presents noise due to the truncation and roundoff errors. If chaos cannot ruled out then these errors are amplified. The Hamiltonian dynamical systems may present chaos and periodicity in the same phase space for a given range of values of the control parameter. In particular the standard map is a Hamiltonian system widely investigated to be derived for many physical systems of interest. An answer for question of validity of numerical solutions is the shadowing of physical trajectories that ensures the existence of real orbits that stays near of noisy trajectories for long time. If the system present hyperbolic structure, then all conditions are fulfilled and shadowing can be done for every point of the set where the system is defined. On the other hand, most of systems are nonhyperbolic like standard map. This loss of hyperbolicity can ocurr in two ways: unstable dimension variability and tangencies between manifolds. This study aims the shadowing problem and investigate regions where tangencies can ocurr caracterizing periodic orbits structure in phase space. With the knowledge of unstable periodic orbits is possible to obtain manifolds and verify regions where shadowing is broken by tangencies. For this the Schmelcher-Diakonos method is employed for found periodic orbits. The manifolds are found by taking a ball of initial conditions in linear neighborhood of points of any period and by iteration foward in time of map to represent an aproximation of unstable manifold and by reverse iteration in time to represent stable manifold. As a result we found regions were possible tangencies ocurr and shadowing cannot be done. / Os cálculos numéricos envolvendo as soluções de um sistema matemático apresentam ruído em razão dos erros de truncamento e arredondamento efetuados a cada passo. Se o sistema dinâmico apresentar caos, então estes erros são amplificados. Os sistemas dinâmicos hamiltonianos podem apresentar regiões disjuntas onde há ocorrência de caos e periodicidade no mesmo espaço de fases para uma dada faixa de valores do parâmetro de controle. Em particular, o mapa padrão é um sistema hamiltoniano amplamente investigado por ser proveniente de vários sistemas físicos de interesse. Uma resposta à questão da validade das soluções numéricas é o sombreamento que garante a existência de órbitas reais próximas de órbitas ruidosas por longo tempo. Se o sistema apresentar estrutura hiperbólica, então o sombreamento é garantido inteiramente para o conjunto onde o sistema está definido. Por outro lado, a maioria dos sistemas não apresenta estrutura hiperbólica, a exemplo do que ocorre com o mapa padrão. Esta quebra de hiperbolicidade pode ocorrer de duas maneiras: pela variabilidade da dimensão instável ou por tangências entre as variedades. Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar o problema do sombreamento e compreender as técnicas de contenção e refinamento bem como investigar as regiões onde ocorrem possíveis tangências buscando caracterizar a estrutura das órbitas periódicas instáveis no espaço de fases. De posse das órbitas periódicas instáveis é possível obter as variedades associadas e verificar regiões onde há quebra de sombreamento por tangências. Para tanto, emprega-se o método de Schmelcher- Diakonos para encontrar as órbitas periódicas. As variedades são encontradas tomando uma bola de condições iniciais na vizinhança linear dos pontos de algum período e iterando o mapa para representar aproximadamente a variedade instável e iterando a inversa do mapa para encontrar a variedade estável. Como resultado verificam-se regiões onde possivelmente ocorrem tangências e o sombreamento não pode ser efetuado.
69

Quantum theory of a massless relativistic surface and a two-dimensional bound state problem

Hoppe, Jens January 1982 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 1982. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE. / Includes bibliographical references. / by Jens Hoppe. / Ph.D.
70

Existência e destruição de toros invariantes, para uma certa família de sistemas Hamiltonianos no R4 / Existence and destruction of invariant torus, for a certain family of Hamiltonian systems in R4

Andrade, Julio Cezar de Oliveira 07 June 2019 (has links)
Estudaremos uma fam lia de sistemas hamiltonianos no R 4 , H : R 4 R, satisfazendo certas condi c oes, dependendo de um parametro . Iremos ca- racterizar algumas condi c oes sobre n veis de energia desse sistema, que nos permitem concluir existencia e destrui c ao de toros invariantes, em tais n veis de energia. Al em disso, podemos concluir que o fluxo hamiltoniano, restrito a esses n veis de energia, possui entropia topol ogica positiva. / We will study a family of Hamiltonian Systems in R 4 , satisfying certain conditions, H : R 4 R, depending of a parameter . We will characterize some conditions about the energy levels of this system, which allow us to conclude existence and destruction of invariant torus, at such energy levels. Moreover, we can conclude that the hamiltonian flow, restricted to these energy level, has positive topological entropy.

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