In the late 90s coconut farms in Mozambique were affected by a disease that made the coconut trees drop their leaves and die, the disease is called the coconut lethal yellowing disease (CLYD). It is known that planthoppers are spreading the disease. This thesis investigates if cultivation and farm related factors could have an impact on the risk of being infected by CLYD. With a sample of 534 farms from the two provinces Zambeze and Nampula a logistic regression model is estimated. The result shows that the only factor that has a significant effect of increasing the risk of getting infected by the disease is if farms had other palm species than coconut trees on the plantation. / I slutet av 90-talet drabbades många kokosnötsfarmer i Mocambique av en sjukdom som gjorde att träden började tappa sina löv och till slut dog. Denna sjukdom kallas för ”the coconut lethal yellowing disease” (CLYD). I dagsläget vet man att det är en specifik insekt som sprider denna sjukdom. Denna uppsats undersöker om det finns andra faktorer som kan påverka risken för koksnötsfarmer att drabbas av denna sjukdom, faktorer som är kopplade till farmerna och dess vegetation. Genom ett urval av 534 farmer från de två provinserna Zambezia och Nampula skattades en logistik regression. Resultatet visade att det enbart är en faktor, om plantagen innehåller andra palmsorter, som signifikant ökar risken för att en farm ska drabbas av CLYD.

This thesis constitutes one of the first attempts to investigate police use of the electric-shock weapon the Taser in England and Wales, between 2004 – 2014. The research combines an inter-disciplinary approach—drawing on the criminology and policing literature, as well as on Science and Technology Studies (STS), Actor Network Theory (ANT) and Social Psychology—with mixed methods and novel data sources. It benefits from virtually unprecedented access to sources including internal police datasets, the College of Policing’s Lead Instructor Taser Training, Taser training in two forces, interviews with police officers and individuals subject to Taser. The thesis first explores how, and in what circumstances, Taser is used in selected forces in England and Wales, before looking at consequences of use for officers and subjects. It then discusses the broader legal, policy, training and accountability framework around the weapon, via an examination of three inter-related and widespread stories told about the weapon and its regulation: that Taser is a neutral tool, that appropriate use is a responsibility for, and at the discretion of, individual officers, and that it is subject to robust accountability mechanisms. It is argued that these stories, whilst not incorrect, are incomplete. Descriptions of the weapon as a neutral tool are understandable but not always convincing, decisions on its use are not just the preserve of individual officers, and accountability mechanisms are not always as robust as is claimed. The conclusions have implications for practitioners and for the literature on Taser. They also contribute to wider criminology debates around use of force, discretion and accountability, and to sociological debates about the relevance of STS and ANT approaches. Finally, the thesis not only highlights areas for future research, but also highlights some tentative recommendations for policy and practice.

NASCIMENTO, A.K.Q.do. Caracterização biológica e molecular de isolados e alternativas de controle do papaya lethal yellowing virus. 2010. 64 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Fitotecnia)- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2010. / Submitted by Aline Nascimento (vieiraaline@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-04-29T18:44:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_Disser_akqnascimento.pdf: 677768 bytes, checksum: 787364fdf4fa3da04346c5fb4ce92bc7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Nascimento(vieiraaline@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-04-29T20:25:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_Disser_akqnascimento.pdf: 677768 bytes, checksum: 787364fdf4fa3da04346c5fb4ce92bc7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-29T20:25:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_Disser_akqnascimento.pdf: 677768 bytes, checksum: 787364fdf4fa3da04346c5fb4ce92bc7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Papaya (Carica papaya) is an important tropical fruit crop which production is increasing in irrigated areas of Northeast of Brazil. Lethal yellowing is a papaya disease caused by Papaya lethal yellowing virus (PLYV) that occurs only in the Northeast of Brazil. The virus symptoms begin with a progressive leaf yellowing in the third superior part of the plant canopy, which wilt and finally die. Greenish circular spots also appear on the fruits which turn yellowish when the fruits are ripping. The PLYV has isometric particles with ac. 30 nm in diameter, genomic ssRNA of ac. 1.6 x 106 Da and a coat protein composed of a single component of ac. 35 Da. Although no biological vector has been confirmed for the virus, it is spreading every year in the Northeast of Brazil, probably by infected young plants and contaminated tools. The virus can be transmitted through the soil, irrigated water, agriculture tools and contaminated hands. The present research had the following objectives: evaluate the possibility of the virus to be transmitted by seeds and aphids; evaluate its possibility to infect other plant species from the family Caricaceae; evaluate the effects of soilarization in the virus infectivity and analyze the molecular and biological variability among the virus isolates. In the aphid transmission studies, the virus was not transmitted by Aphis craccivora neither by A. gossypii in persistent and non-persistent manners. In the seed transmission experiments, the virus was not detected by indirect ELISA in a total of 1,680 seedlings originated from PLYV infect fruits. The PLYV infected the plant species Jacaratia heterophila, J. spinosa, Vasconcella quercifolia and V. monoica, confirming that its host range is probably restricted to Caricaceae species. The virus was inactivated in leaves and roots eradicated from infected plants when they were submitted to a solarization for a period of 12 days, but maintained its infectivity when the leaves and the roots were maintained without solarization at natural conditions for a period of 32 days. The use of extract from fruits of Caesalpinia ferrea inactivated PLYV when it was mixed with extract from infected plants, although the C. ferrea extract did not interfered with the virus infection when it was sprayed on the plant leaves before or after the virus inoculation. The PLYV obtained from different regions from the State of Ceará: PLYVFC (Fortaleza-Centro), PLYVFQ (Fortaleza – Edson Queiroz), PLYVH (Horizonte), PLYVLN (Limoeiro do Norte), PLYVM (Marco), PLYVMD (Marco – DIBAU), PLYVP (Paraipaba), PLYVQ (Quixeré) and PLYVBE (Boa Esperança- Quixeré) showed low molecular variability when compared by its nucleotide sequences involving part of the genes RpRd/CP. When compared with members from the genera Sobemovirus and Tombusvirus, the PLYV showed more similarity with members from the genus Sobemovirus. / O mamoeiro (Carica papaya) é uma importante fruteira tropical cuja produção vem crescendo no Nordeste do Brasil. Amarelo letal é uma moléstia do mamoeiro ocasionada pelo Papaya lethal yellowing virus (PLYV) que ocorrer somente Nordeste. Os sintomas ocasionados pelo PLYV têm início com um amarelecimento progressivo das folhas do no terço superior da copa, as quais murcham e morrem. Manchas circulares, inicialmente esverdeadas aparecem nos frutos as quais se tornam amareladas quando os frutos amadurecem. O PLYV possui partículas isométricas com 30 nm de diâmetros, genoma do tipo ssRNA de ac. 1,6 x 106 Da, com a capa protéica composta de uma única proteína de ac. 35 Da. Embora não exista confirmação da existência de um vetor biológico para o vírus, o mesmo está se disseminando rapidamente no Nordeste brasileiro, possivelmente por mudas de plantas infetadas e ferramentas contaminadas. O vírus pode ser transmitido através do solo, água de irrigação, ferramentas agrícolas e mãos contaminadas. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivos: avaliar a possibilidade do vírus ser transmitido por sementes e por afídeos; avaliar a possibilidade do PLYV infetar outras espécies da família Caricaceae; avaliar o efeito da solarização na inativação do vírus em restos de cultura e analisar a variabilidade molecular e biológica de isolados de PLYV. Nos ensaios de transmissão do vírus por afídeos, o mesmo não foi transmitido por Aphis craccivora e A. gossypii de forma persistente nem de forma não persistente. Nos experimentos de transmissão por sementes, o vírus não foi detectado por ELISA indireto em 1.680 plântulas originadas de sementes de frutos infetados com o PLYV. O PLYV infetou as espécies de Jacaratia heterophila, J. spinosa, Vasconcella quercifolia e V. monoica, confirmando que sua gama de hospedeiras está, provavelmente, restrita à família Caricaceae. O PLYV foi inativado em folhas e raízes de plantas infetadas e erradicadas, quando submetidas à solarização, por um período de 12 dias, enquanto que permaneceu ativo em folhas e raízes de plantas infetadas e erradicadas, mantidas sem solarização, até um período de 32 dias. O uso de extrato de jucazeiro (Caesalpinia ferrea) inativou o PLYV quando misturado ao extrato de plantas infetadas, porém não apresentou nenhum efeito no processo de infecção em plantas já inoculadas com PLYV e pulverizadas com extrato de jucazeiro e em plantas pulverizadas e em seguida inoculadas. Os isolados de PLYV obtidos de diferentes regiões do estado do Ceará: PLYVFC (Fortaleza-Centro), PLYVFQ (Fortaleza – Edson Queiroz), PLYVH (Horizonte), PLYVLN (Limoeiro do Norte), PLYVM (Marco), PLYVMD (Marco – DIBAU), PLYVP (Paraipaba), PLYVQ (Quixeré) e PLYVBE (Boa Esperança- Quixeré) apresentaram baixa variabilidade molecular, quando comparados através das seqüências nucleotídicas de parte dos genes RpRd/CP. Quando comparado com membros dos gêneros Sobemovirus e do Tombusvirus, o PLYV apresentou maior similaridade com vírus do gênero Sobemovirus.

abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that influence the choice of weapon in homicide. The study focuses on three research questions using data from Newark, New Jersey: what is the most commonly associated weapon with each motive? What factors influence the use of a particular type of weapon in a homicide? How does the method of weapon retrieval, or lack thereof, affect the choice of weapon? The cross-tabulation findings revealed that domestically-motivated homicides are most likely to be committed with knives and blunt objects; and drug-, gang-, dispute-, revenge, and robbery-motivated homicides were most likely to be committed using a firearm. The logistic regression demonstrated the method of weapon retrieval, the mode of how the homicide was carried out, the offender’s gender, and the victim and/or offender being a drug dealer or a gang member were all significant in terms of how they affected the offender’s use of a firearm to carry out the homicide. For knives and blunt objects, the method of weapon retrieval, the mode of how the homicide was carried out, the offender’s gender, and the victim and/or offender being a drug dealer or a gang member were all significant in terms of how they affected the offender’s use of a knife or blunt object to carry out the homicide. The results support the need for focused deterrence and conflict resolution interventions. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Criminology and Criminal Justice 2017

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:41:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:08:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

No description available.

Orientador: Celso Luís Marino / Banca: Mario Luiz Teixeira de Moraes / Banca: Esteban Roberto González / Resumo: Uma anomalia foi detectada na progênie F1 de um cruzamento controlado entre genitores normais e sem parentesco de Eucalyptus grandis, em um viveiro de mudas para plantios comerciais da empresa Suzano Papel e Celulose. As plantas anormais apresentaram altura reduzida, superbrotamento caulinar, redução drástica da área foliar e alteração na forma do limbo da folha. A proporção entre plantas afetadas e normais foi de 3:1 (3 plantas normais : 1 planta anômala), sugerindo uma segregação mendeliana do caráter, que foi confirmada pelo teste do qui-quadrado (χ 2=2,32; p>0,1). Através da técnica de BSA (Bulked Segregant Analysis) utilizada em conjunto com marcadores RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) foi possível identificar um marcador ligado a essa anomalia de eucalipto, o qual foi convertido em SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region). A sequência SCAR apresentou identidade a sequências expressas de eucalipto do banco de dados de ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tags) do projeto FORESTs-FAPESP, portanto, encontra-se em uma região do genoma que pode estar envolvida direta ou indiretamente com o caráter da anomalia. Diante do exposto, este trabalho teve como objetivo a caracterização molecular dessa região genômica relacionada à anomalia observada em mudas de eucalipto. Na análise de ligação das marcas, molecular e morfológica, estas apresentaram-se ligadas a uma distância de 0,0 cM com 0% de freqüência de recombinação (LOD= 1000), demonstrando que o marcador molecular está relacionado à anomalia. A sequência SCAR apresentou similaridade a um EST de 632 pb do banco de dados GenBank e a um consenso de 841pb do banco de dados FORESTs-FAPESP, os quais apresentaram o domínio Bet v 1, uma família de proteínas relacionadas à defesa da planta. Como a região em estudo está relacionada a uma família multigênica, esta se apresentou em várias... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: From a controlled crossing between two normal genitors without parentage from relationship of a seedling nursery for commercial crops of Suzano Papel e Celulose it was observed a lethal anomaly in Eucalyptus grandis full sib family F1. The abnormal plants had reduced height, lack of apical dominance, drastic reduction in the leaf area and an alteration in leaf blade. Segregation ratio was 3:1 (3 normal plants : 1 anomalous plant). Thus, this anomaly is probably inherited in a mendelian manner (χ2=2,32; p>0,1). By using the BSA (Bulked Segregant Analysis) approach used with RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) markers, it was possible to identify one marker linked to this anomaly, which was later converted to SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region). The SCAR sequence was similar to ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tag) from FOREST-FAPESP database, hence, it is inside a genome region that is supposed to be directly or indirectly involved in the anomaly character. Based on such pieces of information, the present research had as main objective to carry out the molecular characterization of the genomic region related to the anomaly observed in eucalyptus seedlings. During the linkage analyses of molecular and morphologic markers, the latter presented 0% recombination frequency and a distance of 0 cM with LOD=1000. The SCAR sequence was similar to EST of 632 bp from GenBank and a consensus of 841 bp from FORESTs, which presented the Bet v 1 domain, a protein family related to plant defense. As the analyzed region is related to a multigenic family, it was observed in several copies in the eucalyptus genome, making difficult its cloning. By the analyses carried out both in FORESTs and GenBank, it was noticed that the similarity between SCAR and EST is restricted to SCAR 5' region. In the 3'race technique it was verified that EST 3' region... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:41:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:08:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar o levantamento da entomofauna associada a plantas medicinais, aromáticas e condimentares desidratadas no comércio atacadista na cidade de São Paulo, empregar diferentes doses de radiação gama visando a desinfestação dos materiais e determina a dose letal de radiação gama de indivíduos adultos de Sphaericus gibboides. Foram coletados em 10 estabelecimentos no período de abril a maio de 2011 os materiais: Melissa officinalis L. (ervacidreira), Mentha piperita L. (hortelã), Ocimum basilicum L. (manjericão), Origanum vulgare L. (orégano), Rosmarinus officinalis L. (alecrim), Thymus vulgaris L. (tomilho), Senna alexandrina Mill (sene), Coriandrum sativum L. (coentro), Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss(salsa) e Pimpinella anisum L. (ervadoce), Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC. (carqueja), Matricaria chamomilla L. (= M. recutita L.) (camomila), Laurus nobilis L. (louro) (Lauraceae); Capsicum annuum L. (pápricadoce), Bixa orellana L. (colorífico) (Bixaceae); e Peumus boldus Molina (boldo). Na primeira triagem constatou-se que todos os materiais analisados não apresentaram presença de insetos adultos. Após o período de 45 dias foram encontrados 1838 insetos adultos, oriundos de ovos e larvas. Dos substratos analisados Matricaria recutita apresentou o maior índice de infestação, com 70,6 %. Pelmus boldus, Laurus nobilis, Matricaria recutita e Capsicum annuum, tiveram a maior diversidade de espécies. Baccharis strimera, Bixa orellana, Melissa officinalis, Origanum vulgares e Coriandrum sativum não apresentaram infestação. A espécie Lasioderma serricorne foi o inseto com maior número de indivíduos encontrados (936), maior porcentagem de infestação nos diferentes materiais (62,5 %) e maior ocorrência (68,75 %) nos materiais (M. piperita, S. alexandrina, P. anisum, M. chamomilla, P. crispum, L. nobilis, C. sativum, C. annuum, O. basilicum, P. boldus e T. vulgaris). Os seguintes materiais foram selecionados para os ensaios de desinfestação pelo processo de irradiação: Bixa orellana, Capsicum annuum, Cassia angustifolia, Coriandrum sativum, Mentha piperita, Petrosolium sativum, Matricaria recutita. Os materiais foram infestados com adultos de L. serricorne e Sphaericus gibboides, divididos em 5 parcelas de 30g com 20 indivíduos cada. Utilizando o Irradiador Multiprpósito cobalto-60 com taxa de dose no período dos ensaios de 6 kGy/h, as parcelas foram submetidas a doses crescentes de radiação gama de 0 (grupo controle); 0,25; 0,50; 0,75; 1,00; 1,25; 1,50; 1,75 e 2,00 kGy. A determinação da dose letal para adultos de Sphaericus gibboides, procedeu-se irradiando 4 repetições por tratamento contendo 25 indivíduos cada. As doses utilizadas foram: 2,4; 2,2; 2,0; 1,8; 1,6; 1,4; 1,2; 1,0; 0,8; 0,6 kGy. A menor dose para a não emergência de adultos de L. serricorne e S. gibboides em todos os materiais analisados foi a de 0,25 kGy. Não foi observada a presença de adultos nas demais doses crescentes. Foi observado que os materiais adquiridos no comércio apresentaram diferentes porcentagens de infestação justificando assim a aplicação de métodos de controle. A utilização do Irradiador Multipropósito Cobalto-60 com taxa de dose de 6 kGy/h foi eficiente no controle de L. serricorne e S. gibboides na dose de 0,25 kGy. A dose de 2,2 kGy atingiu 100% letalidade em indivíduos adultos de S. gibboides. / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Bone marrow (BM) transfer from flagellin-treated mice has been reported to improve the survival of lethally-irradiated mice. Although the mechanism for flagellin’s antiviral and antibacterial effects have been elucidated, there remains a gap in knowledge regarding its radioprotective effects. Here, we report that flagellin treatment results in a 5-fold increase in the proliferation of Lin-Sca-1+C-Kit+(LSK) cells, a heterogeneous stem and multipotent cell population in BM, with the most striking increase within the ST-HSC, MPP2 and MPP3 subpopulations. Furthermore, the presence of TLR5 but not NLRC4 on radiosensitive, non-LSK cells in BM was both sufficient and necessary for the observed phenomenon. Finally, adoptive transfer of MPP3 cells along with an insufficient amount of whole bone marrow cells (WBM) to lethally-irradiated mice significantly improved their survival, recapitulating the effects of Whole bone marrow from flagellin-treated mice.

A case is presented of a fatal drug interaction caused by ingestion of oxycodone (Oxycontin®) and clonazepam (Klonapin®). Oxycodone is an opium alkaloid used in long-term pain management therapy. Clonazepam is a benzodiazepine used for the treatment of seizures and panic disorders. The Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) has reported an increase of 108% in the last two years of emergency department episodes related to Oxycontin®. Six billion prescriptions were written for Oxycontin® in the year 2000, an 18-fold increase from four years previous (1). Oxycontin has recently gained enormous notoriety at the local and national levels; however, there are very few previously documented cases of lethal drug interactions between oxycodone and clonazepam. Synergistic effects between these two drugs are postulated to arise from different agonistic mechanisms producing similar physiological changes. It is also theorized that clonazepam may inhibit the metabolism of oxycodone. A 38-year-old white female was found dead in Jefferson County, Tennessee in March of 2001. The deceased had physical evidence of previous drug abuse and positive serological findings of hepatitis B and C. Prescription pill bottles filled under the name of the deceased, as well as another name, were found with the body. Serum, urine and gastric contents from the deceased were screened for numerous drugs and metabolites using a combination of thin layer chromatography and immunoassay techniques (EMIT and FPIA). Analysis of biological specimens from the deceased revealed the presence of: benzodiazepines, opiates (oxycodone), and trazodone metabolites in the serum; cannabinoids, benzodiazepines, opiates (oxycodone), trazodone, trazodone metabolites, nicotine, and nicotine metabolite in the urine; and benzodiazepines, opiates (oxycodone), nicotine, and nicotine metabolite in the gastric contents. Quantitative analyses for clonazepam was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and revealed a plasma concentration of 1.41 μg/mL. Plasma oxycodone and urine 11-nor-carboxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol concentrations were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and revealed concentrations of 0.60 μg/mL and 27.9 ng/mL, respectively. The deceased had pathologies consistent with severe central nervous system (CNS) and respiratory depression produced by high concentrations of clonazepam and oxycodone including collapsed lungs, aspirated mucus, and heart failure. The pathologies were sufficient to cause death, which was officially attributed to a drug overdose; however, the manner of death was unknown.