Neste trabalho, a estrutura eletrônica de poços quânticos de GaAs/In IND.0.15 Ga IND.0.85As/GaAs com dopagem planar de silício na barreira superior foi investigada utilizando-se medidas de Shubnikov-de Haas em função do tempo de iluminação, observou-se que uma quantidade significativa de elétrons estava faltando na região ativa (formada pela camada de InGaAs e pela região delta-dopada) de todas as estruturas analisadas. Um efeito fotocondutivo persistente (que persiste pelo menos 27 horas depois que a excitação óptica é desligada) foi observado em todas as amostras. Durante o processo de iluminação, portadores são liberados pela iluminação e fortes modificações nas mobilidades quânticas das sub-bandas foram observadas. Uma analise fenomenológica dos dados é apresentada, baseada em cálculos autoconsistentes da estrutura eletrônica dos sistemas analisados. / In this work, the sub-band electronic structure of de GaAs/In IND.0.15 Ga IND.0.85As/GaAs quantum wells with a Si delta-doped layer in the top barrier was investigated by Shubnikov-de Haas measurements as a function of the illumination time of the samples. Before the exposure of the heterostructure to any illumination time, we observed that a significant quantity of electrons was missing in the active region (consisting of the quantum well formed by the InGaAs layer and the Si delta-doped region) of all the analyzed structures. A persistent photoconductivity effect (which persisted at least for 27 hours after the optical excitation was turned off) was observed in all samples. During the illumination process, carriers are released by illumination and strong modifications on the quantum mobilities of the sub-bands were observed. A phenomenological analysis of the data is presented based on the self-consistent calculations of the electronic structure of the analyzed systems.

[pt] Um dos grandes problemas apresentados nas Rodovias é a drenagem de água, gerada principalmente pela chuva, tendo como consequência a diminuição da resistência na estrutura do pavimento ou destruição do mesmo, causada pela pressão hidráulica. Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de analisar a fluência do geocomposto, avaliando o comportamento drenante deste no solo, em relação à sua capacidade de vazão. Foram realizados ensaios laboratoriais de curto e médio prazo baseado no ensaio de permeabilidade planar e transmissividade em que, à medida que o geocomposto é comprimido por um carregamento constante de 10 kPa, sua vazão planar decresce e a deformação da amostra aumenta. Determinou-se a deformação por compressão ao longo do tempo de ensaio do material, que está diretamente ligado à sua capacidade de vazão. Para conferir este comportamento foi feita a modelagem da amostra de solo argiloso que inicialmente se encontra saturado e que é parte do subleito de uma rodovia em um estudo de caso, com o geocomposto como parte do sistema de drenagem (trincheira drenante) no programa PLAXIS, nas mesmas condições de carregamento, determinando-se a variação da fluência com inserção de geocomposto o que foi comparando com os valores obtidos no laboratório. Os resultados foram satisfatórios e se conclui que há geração de deformações causadas pelos carregamentos no solo, que influenciam na capacidade de vazão de drenagem do conjunto. / [en] One of the main problems that are seen on highways is that of water drainage, generated mainly by rain. This may reduce the quality and structure of the pavement as time passes or it may damage the pavement because of hydraulic pressure. This research intends to object an analysis of fluency of geocomposite; in so doing it will evaluate the behavior of geocomposite drainage on soil in relation to its capacity to flow. Test were carried out in short and half term in laboratory, based on planar permeability and transmisivity, where as the geocomposite is compressed by a constant load -in our case of 10 kPa its planar wealth decreases, but the distortion of the sample increases. To determine the distortion for compression throughout the time of the material testing, which is directly related to the flow capacity. To verify the results obtained in the laboratory, the model of the soil samples and the geocomposite were analyzed in PLAXIS program, taking into account the same conditions and characteristics of the tests. This helped us to determine the variation of fluency with the geocomposite inclusion compared to the values obtained in the laboratory. The results were satisfactory and it is concluded that there is generation of deformation caused by loads on the ground, influencing the flow capacity of the drain assembly.

Propõe-se, com este trabalho, estudar numericamente se a redundância cinemática e a redundância de atuação podem ser boas alternativas para que manipuladores planares de cinemática paralela atinjam altas acelerações. Sabe-se que estes tipos de redundância promovem uma redução de singularidades do sistema robótico entre outros benefícios. No entanto, a avaliação comparativa do desempenho dinâmico de manipuladores redundantes ainda é pouco estudada. Este estudo não é trivial pois a redundância significa não somente o aumento do torque disponível, mas também que a inércia do sistema foi aumentada. A avaliação numérica deste trabalho se dará por meio do desenvolvimento de modelos cinemáticos e dinâmicos das possíveis configurações de manipuladores paralelos planares com redundância cinemática e redundância de atuação. Esta avaliação pode ser feita pela comparação entre os manipuladores redundantes e o não-redundante para desenvolver uma mesma trajetória do end-effector. Entretanto, esta avaliação é dependente da trajetória, logo esse trabalho também propõe uma avaliação através de um índice dinâmico em toda a área de trabalho dos manipuladores. / The aim of this work is to study numerically if the kinematic redundancy and the actuation redundancy can be good alternatives for parallel planar manipulators to achieve high accelerations. It is known that types of redundancy promote, among other benefits, a significant reduction in the singularities. However, the evaluation of the redundancy as a good solution to increase the dynamic performance was not studied. This study is not trivial because the redundancy means not only that there is more torque available, but also that the inertia of the system has been considerably increased. Different configurations of the redundant manipulator will be evaluated numerically through kinematic and dynamic models. This evaluation can be performed by the comparison among the non redundant manipulator and the redundant manipulators to execute the same task. This evaluation is task dependent, so this work proposes a dynamic index to desing dynamic maps over the workspace.

In this thesis we study projective perspective on planar euclidean geometry. First we take an euclidean construction and transform it into the projective language. Then we discover and show principles of this transformation. We show equivalence between complex points I, J and some euclidean structures. Moreover we study conics, triangles, polygons and circles. We build this thesis on examples. 1

The property that a graph has an embedding in the projective plane is closed under taking minors. Thus by the well known Graph Minor theorem of Robertson and Seymour, there exists a finite list of minor-minimal graphs, call it L, such that a given graph G is projective planar if and only if G does not contain any graph isomorphic to a member of L as a minor. Glover, Huneke and Wang found 35 graphs in L, and Archdeacon proved that those are all the members of L, but Archdeacon's proof never appeared in any refereed journal. In this thesis we develop a modern approach and technique for finding the list L, independent of previous work. Our approach is based on conditioning on the connectivity of a member of L. Assume G is a member of L. If G is not 3-connected then the structure of G is well understood. In the case that G is 3-connected, the problem breaks down into two main cases, either G has an internal separation of order three or G is internally 4-connected. In this thesis we find the set of all 3-connected minor minimal non-projective planar graphs with an internal 3-separation. For proving our main result, we use a technique which can be considered as a variation and generalization of the method that Robertson, Seymour and Thomas used for non-planar extension of planar graphs. Using this technique, besides our main result, we also classify the set of minor minimal obstructions for a-, ac-, abc-planarity for rooted graphs. (A rooted graph (G,a,b,c) is a-planar if there exists a split of the vertex a to a' and a' in G such that the new graph G' obtained by the split has an embedding in a disk such that the vertices a', b, a', c are on the boundary of the disk in the order listed. We define b- and c-planarity analogously. We say that the rooted graph (G,a,b,c) is ab-planar if it is a-planar or b-planar, and we define abc-planarity analogously.)

Three novel wideband antennas suitable for DTV (Digital Television) signal reception in the 470 ~ 806 MHz band for Portable Media Playrer (PMP) applications are presented in this thesis. The antennas include a novel broadband planar monopole antenna in Chpater 2, a novel low-profile planar inverted-U monopole antenna in Chpater 3, and a novel internal planar inverted-F antenna in Chpater 4. These antennas all have wide impedance bandwidths, good radiation efficiencies, and good radiation patterns. In addition, we propose a one-layer simplified hand model for achieving efficient and reliable simulation study for PMP antennas. The studied antenna in Chapter 2 is selected to be the example to study the user¡¦s hand effect on the antenna for PMP application.

This thesis includes the study of hybrid microwave integrated circuits (HMIC), miniaturization techniques applied on HMICs and its application on a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) range sensor transceiver. In the scope of study, hybrid and monolithic microwave integrated circuits (HMIC and MMIC) are introduced, advantages and disadvantages of these two types are discussed. Large size of HMICs is the main disadvantage especially for military and civil applications requiring miniature volumes. This thesis is mainly devoted on miniaturization work of HMICs in order to cope with this problem. In this scope, miniaturization techniques of some HMICs such as 3 dB hybrid couplers and stubs are examined and analyzed. Their simulation and measurement results cohere with original circuit results. Nevertheless, considerable size reduction up to 80% is achieved. Moreover, planar interdigital capacitors (IDC), spiral inductors (SI) and their equivalent circuit models are introduced. Design technique is discussed with illustrative electromagnetic (EM) simulations. Furthermore, FMCW radar is introduced with its basic operation principles, brief history and usage areas. In addition, FMCW range sensor transceiver is designed with its sub&amp / #8208 / parts / power amplifier, low noise amplifier (LNA), coupler and front end. Multi technology based on chip transistors, interdigital capacitors, spiral inductors and hybrid couplers with wire&amp / #8208 / bond connections is used in the design. As the result of using hybrid miniaturized components small layout size is achieved for the transceiver system with its all components.

Data integration has been, and still is, a challenge for applications processing multiple heterogeneous data sources. Across the domains of schemas, ontologies, and metamodels, this imposes the need for mapping specifications, i.e. the task of discovering semantic correspondences between elements. Support for the development of such mappings has been researched, producing matching systems that automatically propose mapping suggestions. However, especially in the context of metamodel matching the result quality of state of the art matching techniques leaves room for improvement. Although the traditional approach of pair-wise element comparison works on smaller data sets, its quadratic complexity leads to poor runtime and memory performance and eventually to the inability to match, when applied on real-world data. The work presented in this thesis seeks to address these shortcomings. Thereby, we take advantage of the graph structure of metamodels. Consequently, we derive a planar graph edit distance as metamodel similarity metric and mining-based matching to make use of redundant information. We also propose a planar graph-based partitioning to cope with large-scale matching. These techniques are then evaluated using real-world mappings from SAP business integration scenarios and the MDA community. The results demonstrate improvement in quality and managed runtime and memory consumption for large-scale metamodel matching.

Neste trabalho, a estrutura eletrônica de poços quânticos de GaAs/In IND.0.15 Ga IND.0.85As/GaAs com dopagem planar de silício na barreira superior foi investigada utilizando-se medidas de Shubnikov-de Haas em função do tempo de iluminação, observou-se que uma quantidade significativa de elétrons estava faltando na região ativa (formada pela camada de InGaAs e pela região delta-dopada) de todas as estruturas analisadas. Um efeito fotocondutivo persistente (que persiste pelo menos 27 horas depois que a excitação óptica é desligada) foi observado em todas as amostras. Durante o processo de iluminação, portadores são liberados pela iluminação e fortes modificações nas mobilidades quânticas das sub-bandas foram observadas. Uma analise fenomenológica dos dados é apresentada, baseada em cálculos autoconsistentes da estrutura eletrônica dos sistemas analisados. / In this work, the sub-band electronic structure of de GaAs/In IND.0.15 Ga IND.0.85As/GaAs quantum wells with a Si delta-doped layer in the top barrier was investigated by Shubnikov-de Haas measurements as a function of the illumination time of the samples. Before the exposure of the heterostructure to any illumination time, we observed that a significant quantity of electrons was missing in the active region (consisting of the quantum well formed by the InGaAs layer and the Si delta-doped region) of all the analyzed structures. A persistent photoconductivity effect (which persisted at least for 27 hours after the optical excitation was turned off) was observed in all samples. During the illumination process, carriers are released by illumination and strong modifications on the quantum mobilities of the sub-bands were observed. A phenomenological analysis of the data is presented based on the self-consistent calculations of the electronic structure of the analyzed systems.

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Thesis (PhD (Electronic Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering / PhD / unrestricted