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Background: Many interventions aim to alleviate well-documented problems of malnutrition in residential care homes and improve residents’ health and wellbeing. Despite some positive findings, little is known about how and why mealtime interventions might be effective, and in particular, what effects residents’ experiences of mealtimes have on health outcomes. Aim: The aim of this project was to gain an insight into residents’ experiences of mealtimes in order to inform the development of a mealtime intervention. By addressing the issues that impact on residents’ enjoyment of meals, interventions may target improvements in the health and wellbeing of residents more effectively. Methods: This thesis is comprised of three pieces of empirical work conducted using multiple methods. In a systematic review of stakeholder perceptions of mealtimes, five databases were searched from inception to November 2015, followed by thematic analysis of extracted data. In a second study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eleven residents from four care homes in the South West UK. Thematic analysis was used to derive content and meaning from transcribed interviews. These studies informed the development of a staff-focussed training programme (study three) using the process of Intervention Mapping (IM) as a guide. The feasibility of this intervention was assessed using qualitative surveys and analysed using multiple methods. Fourteen staff from two care homes participated in the feasibility study, which investigated the deliverability of the training programme and the acceptability of its content. Findings: The systematic review and resident interview study revealed that the dining experience was a focal point for residents’ broader experiences of residing in a care home. Whilst meal quality and enjoyment impacted on the dining experience, the provision of care was pivotal in determining mealtime culture and resident agency within the home. This had implications for self-efficacy and social relationships, particularly in the context of transitioning from independent living to a care home community. These findings informed the development of a mealtime intervention, which was found to be deliverable and acceptable to staff. Conclusion: Mealtimes are a mainstay of life in a care home through which residents’ experiences are characterised, exemplified and magnified. Understanding how residents interact with one another, accommodating their preferences and encouraging autonomy may enhance their mealtime experiences. Evidence from the empirical work supports the development of interventions aimed at mealtime staff to improve resident self-efficacy. This thesis has established the necessary groundwork for a pilot trial and future definitive trial to assess resident (and staff) outcome measures including social (e.g., collective engagement) and psychological outcomes (e.g., wellbeing), as well as health outcomes (e.g., nutritional status).

In the last few decades, China has experienced unprecedented economic growth and urban transformation. A large body of literature has examined urban restructuring and migration at different geographical scales. Intra-urban migration, or residential mobility, however, has received less attention, which has major implications for individuals' well-being, neighbourhood governance and urban transformation. This research tries to extend the literature on residential decisions and relocation in Chinese cities, focusing on the causes, patterns and effects of residential move, using data from a large-scale survey conducted at the end of 2012 in the City of Guangzhou. First, it analyses the time trend of residential mobility and factors underlying residential move in an event-history analysis framework, by explicitly incorporating cohort or generation differences. It is found that not only substantially higher mobility propensities for young adults than middle-aged individuals and senior citizens, but significant differential effects of major determinants such as hukou, educational attainment, birth of a child in the family and child rearing, on housing consumption and residential relocation across age cohorts. Second, it addresses the residential shifts within and between three distance zones - inner core, inner suburbs and outer suburbs - and reveals complex spatial mobility trends. Third, it explores how feelings like neighbourhood attachment are conditioned upon residential mobility and neighbourhood change. This thesis contributes to the study of residential relocation by incorporating cohort differences to address the complexities of residential mobility and providing a mapping of the spatial patterns for intra-urban migration with a case study. In addition, it highlights the importance of looking beyond traditional explanations of such as neighbourhood attachment, to include individual urbanites' past mobility experiences.

abstract: The concept of this thesis came up as a part of the efforts being devoted around the world to reduce energy consumption, CO2 emissions, global warming and ozone layer depletion. In the United States, HVAC units in residential buildings consumed about 350 billion kWh in 2017 [1],[2]. Although HVAC manufacturers are investing in new technologies and more efficient products to reduce energy consumption, there is still room for further improvement. One way of reducing cooling and heating energy in residential buildings is by allowing the centralized HVAC unit to supply conditioned air to only occupied portions of the house by applying smart HVAC zoning. According to the United States Energy Information Administration [3], the percentage of houses equipped with centralized HVAC units is over 70%, which makes this thesis applicable to the majority of houses in the United States. This thesis proposes to implement HVAC zoning in a smart way to eliminate all human errors, such as leaving the AC unit on all day, which turns out to be causing a serious amount of energy to be wasted. The total amount of energy that could be saved by implementing the concepts presented in this thesis in all single-family houses in the U.S. is estimated to be about 156 billion kWh annually. This amount of energy reduction is proportional to the electricity bills and the amount of dollars paid annually on energy that is technically being wasted. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Mechanical Engineering 2018

Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta para o uso eficiente de iluminação para os setores residencial e de iluminação publica, num contexto de planejamento integrado de recursos, para a área da empresa eletrica Ambato S.A.RCN. concessionaria do serviço de energia elétrica da região central do Equador. E compreende a caracterização dos usos finais de energia e das curvas de carga, a avaliação das redes de distribuição e a análise dos programas de gerenciamento da demanda (GLD) e sua comparação com as alternativas de oferta. A caracterização dos usos finais de energia elétrica e das curvas de carga para a cidade de Ambato, foi realizada a partir da pesquisa de campo realizada para a cidade de Cuenca no ano de 1991, pelo Instituto Equatoriano de Eletrificação (INECEL), mediante a análise dos aspectos geográficos, climáticos, socio-econômicos e dos consumos de energia eletrica por estrato, obtidos das concessionárias das duas regiões. Avaliações técnicas e econômicas das redes primárias de distribuição existentes foram realizadas, sugerindo um plano de obras, para manter e melhorar a qualidade e confiabilidade do serviço. Os programas de GLD analisados compreendem a substituição das lâmpadas incandescentes de 60W pelas fluorescentes compactas de 15W (ilum) no setor residencial, e a troca das lâmpadas de vapor de mercúrio pelas de vapor de sódio, sendo T1 (125Hg-70Na); T2 (175Hg100Na); e T3 (250Hg-150Na), no setor deiluminação pública. O custo de energia conservada (CEC) foi de 25,2 US$/lVlWh para ilum; de 6,4 US$lMWh para T1; de 24,9 US$/MWh para T2; e de -21,7 US$/MWh para T3, e 0 indice de efetividade de custo (IEC) obtido foi de -0,75 para T3; de 0,88 para T2; de 0,23 para T1; e 0,41 na ilum. Os resultados indicam que com a implementação destes programas de gerenciamento pelo lado da demanda (GLD) em iluminação, pode-se evitar uma demanda total de 9,8 MW (8%) e obter uma diminuição do consumo de energia de 44,6 GWh (8,6%) para o ano de 2008. / This work presents a proposal for the improvement of energy efficiency in the residential and public lighting, under an integrated by using an resource planning framewoñt, for the Ambato electric utility region in Ecuador. Energy end-uses and load curves were characterized, distribuition system grid was evaluated, demand side management (DSM) programs were analized and compared to supply options. Energy end-uses and load curves for the Ambato area were estimated from a field research, conducted for the Cuenca area in 1991 by the Ecuadorian Electric Institute (INECEL), aftera comparison of geographic, ctimatic, socio-economic data and energy consumtion by range for both, Ambato and Cuenca, utilities. As a result of an assessment of distribuition system grid, aiming at maintainnig and inproving service quality and reliability, a work plan was developed. DSM programs evaiuated included substitution of 15W compact uorescent lamp (CFL) for 60W incandesoent lamps - (ilum), in residential sector, and substitution of 70W (T1), 100W (T 2) and 150W (T3) sodium (Na) lamps for 125W, 175W and 250W mercury (Hg) lamps respectivility in public lighting. Cost saved of energy is estimated at 25,2 US$fMWh for CFL lamps and 6,4 US$/NIWh for TOW , 24,9 US$Ilill\\Nl\'| for 100W and -21,7 US$/MWh for 150W sodium lamps; cost effectiveness factors are: of -0,75 for T3; 0,88 for T2; 0,23 for T1 and 0,41 for ilum. Results show that DSM programs many allow, by the year 2008, a reduction of 9,8 MW (8%) in peak power and reduction in energy demand of 44,6 GWh (8,6%).

L’objectif de la thèse est de proposer une modélisation des comportements résidentiels des ménages : le choix de changement de résidence (ou de déménagement) et le choix d’une nouvelle localisation. Ce type de modèles vise à prévoir la probabilité qu’un ménage change de résidence et son choix en matière de nouvelle localisation, en fonction d’un certain nombre de variables explicatives. Dans notre cas, la modélisation est fondée sur la théorie des choix discrets (approche de l’utilité aléatoire). La recherche s’appuie sur le cas lyonnais, le modèle étant construit sur l’aire urbaine de Lyon, sur des données de l’année 1999. En termes de résultats, du côté de la mobilité résidentielle, il faut retenir que les variables qui expliquent la variation du degré de mobilité (du taux de déménagement) des ménages sont l’âge de la personne de référence du ménage, le nombre d’enfants et le statut d’occupation du logement. En ce qui concerne la localisation des ménages, les préférences des ménages pour une zone ou autre sont liées aux caractéristiques de celles-ci et notamment à l’accessibilité aux différentes opportunités et services, ce qui confirme que parmi les facteurs qui influencent le comportement de localisation des ménages on retrouve les accessibilités, et donc, l’hypothèse de l’existence d’un lien entre transports et urbanisme. On a également trouvé que les caractéristiques des ménages comme l’âge de la personne de référence, le revenu ou le nombre de personnes ont une influence sur leurs choix de localisation. L’étude et les résultats des modèles suggèrent que des améliorations et nouvelles pistes de recherche sont possibles. Ainsi, du côté de la mobilité résidentielle, il pourrait y avoir d’autres variables qui motivent les ménages à changer de logement, comme des caractéristiques des logements, de l’environnement résidentiel ou d’autres caractéristiques des ménages non observées. Il serait aussi intéressant d’estimer le modèle de localisation a un niveau géographique encore plus fin (à l’îlot). D’autres alternatives de modélisation des décisions résidentielles des ménages seraient de modéliser une structure hiérarchisée des choix, par un modèle logit hiérarchique ou emboîté, ou bien de modéliser la trajectoire de vie, avec ses composantes familiale, résidentielle et professionnelle, qui sont en interdépendance (à condition de la disponibilité des données nécessaires). / The objective of the thesis is to propose a modeling of the residential behaviors of the households: the choice of change of residence (or removal), and the choice of the new location. This type of models aims at envisaging the probability that a household changes residence and its choice of new location, according to a certain number of explanatory variables. In our case, modeling is founded on the discrete choice theory (random utility approach). Research is based on the Lyons case, the model being built on the urban area of Lyon, on data of the year 1999. In terms of results, side of residential mobility, it should be retained that the variables which explain the variation of the degree of mobility (of the rate of removal) of the households are the age of head, the number of children and the statute of occupation of housing. With regard to the households location, the preferences of the households for a zone are related on the characteristics of those and particularly to accessibility on various opportunities and services, which confirms that among the factors which influence the location behavior of the households one finds accessibilities, and thus, the assumption of the existence of a relation between transport and land use. It was also found that the characteristics of the households like age of head, income or household size have an influence on their location choices. The study and the results of the models suggest that improvements and new directions of research are possible. Thus, on the side of residential mobility, there could be other variables which justify the housing change, like characteristics of the residence, residential environment or other characteristics of the households not observed. It would be also interesting to estimate the location model at a finer geographical level (îlot). Other alternatives of modeling of the residential decisions of the households would be to model a hierarchical structure of the choices, by a hierarchical or nested logit, or to model the life cycle, whit its components family, residential and professional, which are in interdependence (in condition of availability of necessary data).

In this submission I use previously published works, my book Rethinking Residential Child Care and two articles ‘Reading Bauman for Social Work’ and ‘Care Ethics in Residential Child Care: A Different Voice’, to develop a critical account of changing rationalities of care in the context of residential child care. Much of my writing draws upon professional experience gained over 20 years of residential child care practice and I begin this account by justifying the use of this experience as the basis of professional and academic knowledge. I then go on to explicate some of the discursive influences that have fed into the way that residential child care is currently constituted. Specifically, I locate many current assumptions and practices within dominant neoliberal political systems and assumptions. This has led to the commodification, instrumentalisation and, within an increasingly regulated polity, the bureaucratisation of public care. Against this backdrop, public care is conceived of in narrow and abstract concerns around rights and protection. The concepts of care itself and of upbringing that ought to be at the heart of adult engagement with children are left, largely, unarticulated. I seek to address this gap by developing possible conceptualisations of care and upbringing. I conclude by arguing that residential child care and, indeed, much public care, is governed by the wrong rationalities, by economic and administrative priorities rather than caring and relational ones. Finally, I suggest some directions that future work might take.

This thesis looks at the stories of second-generation survivors of residential school. Storytelling is the methodology utilized in this research. The practice of Indigenous storytelling is a way to transfer knowledge to the younger generations. It is also a way to ensure history is not lost. Using a storytelling methodology is a healing method for the writer and the storyteller. A storytelling approach to methodology honours the words of the one sharing their story within this thesis. Included is an overview of the oppressive policies that forced Indigenous children to residential schools, how survivors of residential school were impacted with an overview of research on the intergenerational effects. The research identifies how these storytellers were impacted by their parents’ attendance at residential school and the themes are shared. / Graduate

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to examine the effects that faculty who live in residence with college students perceive result from their experience. This study examined the perspectives from current and recent residential faculty members. Data were gathered through individual structured interviews with current and former residential faculty who gave firsthand accounts of how they felt that experience impacted them. Literature consistently showed that faculty-student interaction is very important to the development and success of students (Astin, 1993). Research has clearly demonstrated positive outcomes that result for students. The present study was undertaken because there is a dearth of research, however, regarding this impact on the faculty members themselves. Given the importance of faculty-student interaction outside of the classroom (Lundberg, 2004), it is crucial to recruit faculty for these communities. Thus, more information regarding this experience will be valuable to faculty and administrators considering working with residential colleges. The study was conducted at a mid-sized private university in the Southeastern United States. The reason for this choice was the fact that this school has a 25-year history as a residential college system and utilizes 12-15 residential faculty members yearly. The researcher conducted interviews with 13 faculty members and coded and analyzed the data. The study findings indicated that the faculty perceived great benefits from serving as residential college faculty members. Perceived benefits as described by the participants included increased skill in teaching, feeling a sense of community, stronger relationships with other faculty members and students, and an increased affinity toward the university. While there were some challenges such as lack of training, institutional politics, and loss of privacy all participants in the study felt they gained from the opportunity and would do it again in the same situation. This study enhanced the limited formal knowledge available regarding how faculty experience living in residential colleges with students.

The purpose of this investigation, conceived in its broadest sense, was to study the living arrangements of older persons over a specific period of time in an attempt to arrive at some generalizations about the nature and changes of these arrangements as they relate to certain sociological variables.