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The effect of prophylactic use of oral ketorolac and ibuprofen in the control of endodontic post treatment pain a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment ... for the degree of Master of Science in Endodontics ... /Olazabal-Bello, Angelita C. January 1993 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1993.
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Efeito dos AINES na fertilidade, perda gestacional precoce e mobilidade embrionária de éguas receptoras de embriãoOkada, Carolina Tiemi Cardoso January 2017 (has links)
Orientador: Marco Antonio Alvarenga / Resumo: A administração de antiinflamatórios não esteroides (AINEs) no momento da transferência de embrião em éguas é empregada usualmente para conter a inflamação uterina e produção de prostaglandina F2α (PGF2α), na tentativa de evitar a luteólise. No entanto, estes fármacos podem prejudicar a produção de prostaglandinas pelo concepto e alterar o mecanismo de mobilidade embrionária e reconhecimento materno fetal. Nesse estudo foi avaliada a ação do flunixin meglumine (FM) em um grande número de receptoras de embrião (n=409) em um centro comercial de reprodução equina, verificando estatisticamente a ação deste medicamento na taxa de prenhez e perda gestacional precoce. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos (FM e controle), recebendo uma única aplicação de FM na dose de 1,1mg/kg imediatamente após a transferência de embrião em éguas alternadas para correta randomização. A taxa de prenhez aos 15 dias do grupo controle foi de 70,95% e a do grupo tratado 75,22%, sem diferença entre os grupos (p=0,3337). Aos 60 dias o grupo controle apresentou taxa de prenhez de 65,22% e o grupo tratado de 65,92%, sem diferença estatística (p>0,05). No entanto, foi observado que a perda embrionária até 60 dias do grupo controle foi 5,03% e no grupo tratado 10,0%, havendo tendência (p=0,0578) para perda gestacional precoce. Em um segundo experimento, AINEs de outras categorias como COX-2 seletivo: firocoxibe e COX-2 preferencial: Meloxicam foram determinados a fim de tentar estabelecer um tratamento an... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre
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Determinação do perfil farmacocinético de anti-inflamatórios não hormonais aplicados à clinica / Determination of the pharmacokinetic profile of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs related with clinic outcomesRigato, Hamilton Modesto, 1977- 08 December 2011 (has links)
Orientador: Ney Carter do Carmo Borges / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T22:09:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Objetivo: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o perfil farmacocinético do diclofenaco de colestiramina (cápsula de 140mg) e de duas apresentações farmacêuticas (comprimidos 100mg e suspensão oral 50mg/mL) de nimesulide realizado em voluntários sadios de ambos os sexos e relacioná-los aos desfechos clínicos em enzimas do painel hepático e da contagem de plaquetas. Materiais e métodos: Os estudos foram do tipo aberto, aleatório, cruzado, em dois períodos. As amostras de sangue foram analisadas em cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada, a um detector de ultravioleta (UV) para o primeiro fármaco, e a um espectrômetro de massa (EM/EM) para outro. Os valores séricos do painel hepático e contagem de plaquetas foram comparados pré e pós-medicação. Resultados: As razões geométricas e respectivos 90% do IC para a cápsula de diclofenado de colestiramina/Flotac® 140 mg foram 100.22% (84.99 - 118.19%) para a CMAX e 90,53% (82.86-98.91%) para a ASCULTIMO. Os valores para o comprimido de Nimesulide/Nisulid® 100mg foram 85.96% (77.54 - 95.30%) para a CMAX e 93.91% (84.42 - 104.46%) para a ASCULTIMO, e a formulação de suspensão oral de Nimesulide/Nisulid® 50mg/mL obteve 100.1% (91.05 - 110.15%) para CMAX e 107.7% (99.74 - 116.39%) para ASCULTIMO. Quanto ao desfecho clínico foi observada elevação significante no parâmetro de ALT para o diclofenaco de colestiramina e na formulação comprimido de nimesulide. A formulação de suspensão oral teve elevação significante para o parâmetro de ALP. Não foi observada diminuição na contagem de plaquetas. Conclusão: Considerando que 90% dos intervalos de confiança das razões de CMAX e ASCULTIMO, se encontram dentro de 80-125% do intervalo proposto pelo FDA e aceita pela ANVISA, concluiu-se que a formulação de cápsula de diclofenaco de colestiramina (140mg) e a formulação de suspensão oral (50mg/mL) de nimesulide são bioequivalentes em relação à taxa e extensão de absorção e que a formulação comprimido de nimesulide (100mg) não é bioequivalente ao Nisulid® com relação a taxa de absorção. Clinicamente os medicamentos se mostraram seguros mesmo apresentando alterações estatisticamente significantes nos parâmetros clínicos avaliados / Abstract: Objective: The present work aims to evaluation the pharmacokinetic profile of the diclofenac-cholestyramine (140mg capsule) and two pharmaceuticals formulations (100mg tablets and 50mg/m oral suspension) of nimesulide in healthy adult subjects related with clinic outcomes in the hepatic enzymes panel and platelet count. Method: The studies were open, randomized, simple crossover balanced with two periods. The blood samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to ultraviolet detection in diclofenac formulations. For nimesulide a mass espectrometer was performed (MS/MS). Seric enzymes from liver panels and whole blood platelet count was compared with pre and post single dose treatment. Results: The geometric mean and 90% confidence intervals (CI) for the diclofenac-cholestyramine/Flotac® ratio were 100.22% (84.99 - 118.19%) for CMAX and 90,53% (82.86-98.91%) for AUCLAST. The geometric mean and 90% confidence intervals (CI) for the Nimesulide/Nisulid® 100mg tablet were 85.96% (77.54 - 95.30%) for CMAX and 93.91% (84.42 - 104.46%) for AUCLAST, and for the oral suspension 50mg/mL were 100.1% (91.05 - 110.15%) for CMAX and 107.7% (99.74 - 116.39%) for AUCLAST. For the hepatic enzyme panel was observed significant rise in the ALT for diclofenac-cholestyramine and nimesulide tablet. The oral suspension was significant rise in the ALP parameter (p<0.05). No platelet count decrease was observed. Conclusion: Since the 90% CI for CMAX and AUCLAST ratios were all inside the 80-125% interval proposed by the US Food and Drug Administration and accepted by ANVISA, it is concluded that the diclofenac-cholestyramine 140mg capsule and the nimesulide oral suspension formulation 50mg/mL are bioequivalent in regard to both extent and rate of absorption. The nimesulide 100mg tablet is not bioequivalent to Nisulid® 100mg tablet with respect to the rate of absorption. Clinically all the evaluated pharmaceuticals are safety despide the significant changes in the hepatic enzymes panel observed / Doutorado / Ciencias Basicas / Doutor em Clínica Médica
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INTERAÇÕES POTENCIAIS ENTRE AINES PRESCRITOS EM ENDODONTIA E MEDICAMENTOS EM USO PELOS PACIENTES ODONTOLÓGICOS / POTENTIAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN NSAIDs PRESCRIBED IN ENDODONTICS AND DRUGS IN USE BY DENTAL PATIENTBée, Lais Regina 17 August 2015 (has links)
The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used in Endodontics and when associated with some risk factors, such as concomitant use of other drugs, may develop undesirable and possibly serious effects. This cross-sectional study evaluated, through data collecting on dental records, potential interactions among the most commonly prescribed NSAIDs and medications used by patients treated in the Integrated Clinical Dentistry of UFSM, from 2007 to 2011. The data were processed on the EpiData and the statistical analysis was performed with SPSS Software. For analysis of interactions between drugs two tertiary bibliographic source were used: the book Drug Interaction Facts and computerized tool Drugdex in the Micromedex. Potential drug interactions with NSAIDs occurred with 20.2% of the drugs related by patients. The most common consequences in this context were gastrointestinal bleeding, decrease antihypertensive effect and renal failure. In relation to gravity and documentation of interaction, there was a higher frequency of the important gravity and well-documented in the issue of pharmacological interaction. Hence, special attention must be given to the elderly and other patients using several drugs at the same time alongside with educational initiatives focused on a more safe prescription method should be taught in educational institutions. / Os anti-inflamatórios não esteroides (AINEs) são fármacos amplamente utilizados em Endodontia e, quando associadas a alguns fatores de risco, como uso concomitante de outros medicamentos, podem desenvolver efeitos indesejados e possivelmente graves. Esse estudo transversal avaliou, por meio de uma coleta de dados nos prontuários odontológicos, as potenciais interações entre os AINEs mais comumente prescritos e os medicamentos em uso pelos pacientes atendidos nas Clínicas Integradas do Curso de Odontologia da UFSM, no período de 2007 a 2011. Os dados foram codificados no Programa EpiData e a análise estatística foi realizada com o Software SPSS. Para análise das interações entre os fármacos foram utilizadas duas fontes bibliográficas terciárias: o livro Drug Interaction Facts e a ferramenta informatizada Drugdex do Micromedex. As potenciais interações medicamentosas com AINEs ocorreram em 20,2% dos medicamentos relatados pelos pacientes. As consequências mais frequentes nesse contexto foram sangramento gastrointestinal, diminuição do efeito anti-hipertensivo e insuficiência renal. Em relação à gravidade e a documentação da interação, observou-se maior frequência de gravidade importante e bem documentada no quesito interação farmacológica. Então, atenção especial deve ser dada a pacientes idosos e outros pacientes que utilizem diversos medicamentos de forma paralela e iniciativas educacionais focadas em um método de prescrição mais seguro devem ser lecionadas em instituições de ensino.
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Pain relief after joint surgery:a clinical studyLaurila née Kostamovaara, P. (Päivi) 11 October 2002 (has links)
Abstract
Excessive pain after surgery causes many kinds of endocrine, metabolic and inflammatory responses, which may increase postoperative morbidity and mortality - especially among elderly patients. This study evaluated the effect of peripheral and central pain relief techniques after joint surgery.
Intravenously administered doses of 100 mg, 200 mg and 300 mg of ketoprofen decreased the requirement for opioid (fentanyl) in a dose-dependent manner by 38%, 45% and 53%, respectively, compared with a placebo, without any noticeable ceiling-effect, when administered after hip and knee arthroplasty. Patients receiving a 300 mg dose of ketoprofen had significantly lower postoperative pain scores than those receiving a placebo. There were no significant differences in incidences of nausea and vomiting, or in the amount of bleeding between the ketoprofen and placebo groups.
Intravenous doses of 200 mg of ketoprofen, 150 mg of diclofenac, and 120 mg of ketorolac produced similar postoperative pain scores and requirement for opioid (fentanyl) with no intergroup differences in the incidence of nausea and vomiting and in the amount of bleeding, when administered after hip arthroplasty.
The addition of ropivacaine, 1 mg·ml-1, did not decrease the requirement for epidural fentanyl administered via a patient-controlled analgesia device for postoperative pain relief after hip arthroplasty. Both drug infusions provided effective pain relief. The most common adverse effect was pruritus, which occurred in a similar number of patients in both groups.
An interscalene brachial plexus block with ropivacaine decreased the dose of PCA-delivered oxycodone by 78% after arthroscopic shoulder surgery while subacromial bursa blockade with ropivacaine decreased it by only 11 % compared to a placebo during the 20 hour study period. Postoperative pain scores were significantly lowest with a interscalene brachial plexus block.
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Avaliação do meloxicam como substância radioprotetora em mandíbulas de ratos irradiados = Evaluation of meloxicam as a radiation-protective agent on mandibles of irradiated rats / Evaluation of meloxicam as a radiation-protective agent on mandibles of irradiated ratsYamasaki, Mayra Cristina, 1988- 27 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Deborah Queiroz de Freitas França / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T07:55:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o possível efeito radioprotetor do anti-inflamatório não esteroide meloxicam na prevenção da osteorradionecrose, na reparação alveolar e na resistência óssea em mandíbulas de ratos irradiados. Para isso, 40 ratos Wistar machos foram divididos em 4 grupos (n=10): controle (GC), irradiado (GI), meloxicam (GM) e meloxicam irradiado (GMI). Aos 75 dias de vida, foi administrado dose única de 0,2 mg/kg de meloxicam nos animais dos grupos GM e GMI. Uma hora depois, realizou-se a irradiação dos animais dos grupos GI e GMI com dose única de 15 Gy de radiação X na região de mandíbula. Decorridos 40 dias, foi realizado a exodontia bilateral dos primeiros molares inferiores nos animais, os quais foram mortos após 15 dias (n=5) e 30 dias (n=5). Utilizou-se a microtomografia computadorizada para avaliação da reparação alveolar, por meio da análise dos parâmetros da microestrutura trabecular óssea, como: volume tecidual total, volume ósseo, fração de volume ósseo, espessura trabecular média, número trabecular médio e separação trabecular média; e o teste de flexão para a avaliação da resistência óssea. A Análise de Variância um fator, com teste post hoc de Tukey, demonstrou que, aos 15 dias, o volume ósseo, a fração de volume ósseo e a espessura trabecular média foram significativamente superiores nos grupos GC e GM comparados aos grupos GI e GMI; já a separação trabecular média teve resultado estatístico inferior no grupo GI em relação aos demais. Aos 30 dias, houve diferença significante apenas na separação trabecular média, cujo resultado estatístico foi inferior no grupo GI em comparação aos grupos GC e GM, não tendo o grupo GMI diferido estatisticamente dos demais. Quanto à resistência óssea, o grupo GI foi significativamente inferior em relação aos grupos GC e GM, não tendo o grupo GMI diferido estatisticamente dos demais. Concluiu-se, assim, que foi observado ausência de osteorradionecrose clínica e que o meloxicam, embora não tenha demonstrado evidente efeito radioprotetor, apresentou efeito positivo na separação trabecular média da microestrutura trabecular óssea da reparação alveolar e na resistência óssea / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible radioprotective effect of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug meloxicam on the prevention of osteoradionecrosis, alveolar socket healing and bone strength in the mandibles of irradiated rats. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (n=10): control (CG), irradiated (IG), meloxicam (MG), and meloxicam irradiated (MIG). When the animals were 75 days old, a single dose of 0.2 mg/kg meloxicam was administered to the animals in the MG and MIG groups. One hour later, the animals in the IG and MIG groups were irradiated with a single 15 Gy dose of X-rays in the mandible region. Forty days later, the mandibular first molars were extracted bilaterally and the animals were killed after 15 days (n=5) or 30 days (n=5). Micro-computed tomography was used to evaluate healing in the alveolar socket; trabecular bone microarchitecture features such as total volume, bone volume, bone volume fraction, trabecular number, trabecular thickness and trabecular separation were assessed. A bending test was used to evaluate bone strength. At 15 days, the one-way analysis of variance, followed by post hoc comparisons with the Tukey test, demonstrated that bone volume, bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness were significantly higher in the CG and MG groups than in the IG and MIG groups; and trabecular separation had lower statistical result in the IG group in comparison with the other groups. At 30 days, there was a significant difference only in trabecular separation, which statistical result was lower in the IG group than in the CG and MG groups, and the MIG group did not differ statistically from the others. Bone strength was significantly lower in the IG group compared with the CG and MG groups, and the MIG group did not differ statistically from the others. Therefore, it was concluded that the absence of clinical osteoradionecrosis was observed and the meloxicam, even though it has not demonstrated a clear radioprotective effect, had a positive effect on the trabecular separation of trabecular bone microarchitecture in alveolar socket healing and the bone strength / Mestrado / Radiologia Odontologica / Mestra em Radiologia Odontológica
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Effects of Flunixin Meglumine, Metamizole and Phenylbutazone on Equine Kidney Functions and Urinary Mucus and Immunoglobulin A (IgA) SecretionsIbrahim, Mohammed 20 June 2019 (has links)
Introduction: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most used drugs in equine medicine, mainly used to treat inflammation, endotoxemia, pain or fever. NSAIDs inhibit cyclooxygenases which induce to synthesize prostanoids. But NSAIDs have side effects to renal functions too.
Objectives: The current study was carried out to investigate the effects of the most common used NSAIDs on urinary parameters in horses.
Materials and Methods: Thirty healthy horses were used as a control group and 20 horses with left dorsal displacement, left ventral impaction or lameness of using either flunixin meglumine (FM), metamizole (MZ) or phenylbutazone (PHZ) have been assigned to groups 1, 2 or 3, respectively. Creatinine, urea nitrogen, glucose, protein and electrolytes were measured in serum and urine including GGT using an automatic analyzer. Fractional excretions (FE) of sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, magnesium and inorganic phosphate, in addition to urinary protein (U-Pro):U-Cr and urinary gamma glutamyl transferase (U-GGT):U-Cr ratios were calculated. Urinary mucus and IgA concentrations were measured and their ratios to the urinary creatinine were calculated. The data were statistically analyzed using Shapiro-Wilks test, descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance and Dunn’s test. Significance was set at P £ 0.05.
Results: The FEMg was significantly higher in group 3 (P < 0.033) compared to the control group. The U-GGT:U-Cr ratio was also significantly higher in group 3 (P < 0.001) compared with the control group. The U-Pro:U-Cr ratio was significantly higher in groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.007 and P < 0.001, respectively) than in the control group. PHZ group had a significantly increase in mucus:U-Cr ratio (P < 0.005). Significant increases were observed regarding the IgA:U-Cr ratio in groups 1 (P < 0.007) and 2 (P < 0.014).
Conclusions: Long-term use of PHZ has an influence on the renal ascending limb of the loop of Henle, and all these drugs could have effects on the proximal tubules. Phenylbutazone causes an increase in urinary mucus secretion, probably as a protective mechanism against the necrotic effect in renal pelvis of PHZ. Parameters such as U-Pro:U-Cr and U-GGT:U-Cr ratios and FEMg are helpful in detecting these renal abnormalities.
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Genotoxic effects of NSAIDs and hydrocortisone on bulk and nano forms in lymphocytes from patients with haematological cancersNormington, Charmaine January 2017 (has links)
Chronic inflammation is intimately linked with cancer development and progression and therefore reducing or eliminating inflammation represents a logical treatment and prevention strategy. Studies have shown that anti-inflammatory agents have anti-tumour effects in cancers, with reduced metastases and mortality. Current use of anti-inflammatory agents in the treatment and prevention of cancer is limited by their toxicity and side effects. The emerging field of nanotechnology allows the fundamental properties of a drug to be altered, creating a product with improved reactivity and bioavailability, leading to more targeted treatments and reduced dosage. In the present study, the genotoxic effects of three commonly used anti-inflammatory drugs; aspirin, ibuprofen and hydrocortisone, in their bulk and nano forms were evaluated on peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy donors using the comet assay and the micronucleus assay. In order to determine any anti-cancer effects, these agents were also tested in peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with haematological cancers. The glucocorticoid hydrocortisone was also evaluated for anti-oxidant capacity. Our results demonstrate that the nano versions of each drug produced a different response than the bulk counterpart, indicating that a reduction in particle size had an impact on the reactivity of the drug. Our results also indicate that the nano versions of each drug were less genotoxic than the bulk formulation, further emphasising the potential of nanoparticles as an improvement to current treatment options. We also found an anti-oxidant effect with hydrocortisone, with a more profound effect seen with the nano formulation.
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The Chemoprevention of Lung Cancer Using Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)Elliott, Christopher S. 06 February 2003 (has links)
No description available.
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The impact of selective COX-2 inhibitor on the cost of NSAID-induced gastrointestinal toxicity in a public hospital setting in Hong Kong.January 2005 (has links)
Ho Toi Sze Joyce. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-74). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgement --- p.ii / Contents --- p.iii / Abstract --- p.viii / List of Abbreviations --- p.xvii / List of Tables --- p.xix / List of Figures --- p.xx / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- The role of Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- NSAID-induced gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Pathogenesis of NSAID-induced GI toxicity --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- GI symptoms --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- GI ulcers --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- GI complications --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- Risk factor for GI complications --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.6 --- Ulcerogenicity of different NSAIDs in upper GI events --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3 --- Prevention of NSAID-induced GI toxicity --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- H2-receptor antagonists --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Misoprostol --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Selective COX-2 Inhibitors --- p.10 / Chapter 1.3.4.1 --- GI safety of selective COX-2 inhibitors --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.4.1.1 --- Gastrointestinal outcomes research of rofecoxib --- p.13 / Chapter 1.3.4.1.2 --- Celecoxib Long term Arthritis Safety Study --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3.4.2 --- Cardiovascular toxicity of NSAIDs --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3.4.2.1 --- Cardiovascular toxicity of non-selective NSAIDs --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3.4.2.2 --- Cardiovascular toxicity of selective COX-2 inhibitors --- p.16 / Chapter 1.4 --- Guidelines on the management of osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) --- p.21 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Subcommittee --- p.22 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) --- p.23 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Hong Kong Hospital Authority (HA) --- p.23 / Chapter 1.5 --- Cost of illness of upper GI events in the setting of an emergency room of a regional hospital in Hong Kong and cost analysis of selective COX-2 inhibitor with non-selective NSAID plus gastroprotective agent --- p.24 / Chapter 1.6 --- Objectives --- p.25 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Cost of illness of upper GI events in the setting of an emergency room of a regional hospital in Hong Kong --- p.26 / Chapter 2.1 --- Methods --- p.28 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Study site --- p.28 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Cohort participants --- p.28 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Resource data collection --- p.29 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Cost data --- p.30 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Statistical Methods --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1.6 --- Study perspective --- p.31 / Chapter 2.2 --- Results --- p.31 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Demographic data --- p.31 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Total direct medical cost of upper GI complaints in UCH --- p.33 / Chapter 2.3 --- Discussion --- p.35 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Total direct medical cost of upper GI events --- p.35 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Cost of upper GI events associated with NSAID usage --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Low dose aspirin on NSAID-induced GI toxicity --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Limitation --- p.39 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- Future study --- p.41 / Chapter 2.4 --- Conclusion --- p.41 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Cost analysis of selective COX-2 inhibitor versus non-selective NSAID with gastroprotective agent --- p.43 / Chapter 3.1 --- Methods --- p.46 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Local randomized clinical trial --- p.46 / Chapter 3.1.1.1 --- Study population --- p.46 / Chapter 3.1.1.2 --- Cost data --- p.47 / Chapter 3.1.1.3 --- Statistical Methods --- p.48 / Chapter 3.1.1.4 --- Sensitivity analysis --- p.49 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Large randomized clinical trial --- p.49 / Chapter 3.1.2.1 --- Study population --- p.49 / Chapter 3.1.2.2 --- Cost data --- p.50 / Chapter 3.2 --- Results --- p.50 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Local randomized clinical trial --- p.51 / Chapter 3.2.1.1 --- Demographic data --- p.51 / Chapter 3.2.1.2 --- Cost analysis --- p.52 / Chapter 3.2.1.3 --- Sensitivity analysis --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Large randomized clinical trial --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2.2.1 --- Demographic data --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2.2.2 --- Cost analysis --- p.55 / Chapter 3.3 --- Discussion --- p.55 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Cost analysis --- p.55 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Sensitivity analysis --- p.59 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Low dose aspirin on NSAID-induced GI toxicity --- p.59 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Limitation --- p.60 / Chapter 3.4 --- Future study --- p.62 / Chapter 3.5 --- Conclusion --- p.62 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Conclusion --- p.63 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Reference --- p.65 / Appendix Data collection form --- p.75
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