The main goal of this thesis is a contribution to the classification of all incidence geometries<p>of rank two on which some group PSL(2,q), q a prime power, acts flag-transitively.<p>Actually we require that the action be RWPRI (residually weakly primitive) and (2T)1<p>(doubly transitive on every residue of rank one). In fact our definition of RWPRI requires<p>the geometry to be firm (each residue of rank one has at least two elements) and RC<p>(residually connected).<p><p>The main goal is achieved in this thesis.<p>It is stated in our "Main Theorem". The proof of this theorem requires more than 60pages.<p><p>Quite surprisingly, our proof in the direction of the main goal uses essentially the classification<p>of all subgroups of PSL(2,q), a famous result provided in Dickson’s book "Linear groups: With an exposition of the Galois field theory", section 260, in which the group is called Linear Fractional Group LF(n, pn).<p><p>Our proof requires to work with all ordered pairs of subgroups up to conjugacy.<p><p>The restrictions such as RWPRI and (2T)1 allow for a complete analysis.<p><p>The geometries obtained in our "Main Theorem" are bipartite graphs; and also locally 2-arc-transitive<p>graphs in the sense of Giudici, Li and Cheryl Praeger. These graphs are interesting in their own right because of<p>the numerous connections they have with other fields of mathematics. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The external debt is no doubt "a front burner" nowadays, not only in the group of well informed economists or politicians. And although it is regarded as a problem ascribed to the third world countries only, any national economy can bear it. Anyway, neither developed countries are exceptions, despite distinctly small attention which is given to them from the external indebtedness point of view. In my thesis, I decided to link the foreign debt problem with another frequent topic of any discussions: with the really prudent process of the European Union expansion to the East. Primarily, I will try to confute many skewed information about both of them. Or - is the foreign debt really such an uncompromising indicator of the external instability hindering any economic progress? Must thus the relatively successful transformation of the transitive economies pass off with the zero foreign indebtedness entirely?

The aim of this thesis is to analyse word order in transitive sentences in natural production of two- and four-year old children during Czech language acquisition. The theoretical part focuses on language acquisition in general, in children in a given age period and on the acquisition of transitive sentences in children, discussed in studies carried out abroad. The results of these studies work with a thesis about a canonical word order, which is the first to emerge in child production and reception, while other types of word order might pose a problem for children with regards to interpretation. In order to be able to compare these findings with Czech language, data from an existing corpora of child conversations with their mothers were coded for the purposes of the practical part of this thesis. This data is subsequently analysed in the practical part, with the findings of these analyses implying that in spontaneous language production of Czech children, it is impossible to unambiguously track the preferences for canonical word order, as well as difficulties in adopting word order other than canonical. This thesis also brings basic descriptive information about the word order in transitive sentences both in children over time and in relation to word order that is used by their mothers. Key words...

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Cette recherche a pour but d’évaluer le rôle de la vision et de la proprioception pour la perception et le contrôle de l’orientation spatiale de la main chez l’humain. L’orientation spatiale de la main est une composante importante des mouvements d’atteinte et de saisie. Toutefois, peu d’attention a été portée à l’étude de l’orientation spatiale de la main dans la littérature. À notre connaissance, cette étude est la première à évaluer spécifiquement l’influence des informations sensorielles et de l’expérience visuelle pour la perception et le contrôle en temps réel de l'orientation spatiale de la main pendant le mouvement d’atteinte naturel vers une cible stationnaire. Le premier objectif était d’étudier la contribution de la vision et de la proprioception dans des tâches de perception et de mouvement d’orientation de la main. Dans la tâche de perception (orientation-matching task), les sujets devaient passivement ou activement aligner une poignée de forme rectangulaire avec une cible fixée dans différentes orientations. Les rotations de l’avant-bras et du poignet étaient soit imposées par l’expérimentateur, soit effectuées par les sujets. Dans la tâche de mouvement d’orientation et d’atteinte simultanées (letter posting task 1), les sujets ont réalisé des mouvements d’atteinte et de rotation simultanées de la main afin d’insérer la poignée rectangulaire dans une fente fixée dans les mêmes orientations. Les tâches ont été réalisées dans différentes conditions sensorielles où l’information visuelle de la cible et de la main était manipulée. Dans la tâche perceptive, une augmentation des erreurs d’orientation de la main a été observée avec le retrait des informations visuelles concernant la cible et/ou ou la main. Lorsque la vision de la main n’était pas permise, il a généralement été observé que les erreurs d’orientation de la main augmentaient avec le degré de rotation nécessaire pour aligner la main et la cible. Dans la tâche de mouvement d’orientation et d’atteinte simultanées, les erreurs ont également augmenté avec le retrait des informations visuelles. Toutefois, les patrons d’erreurs étaient différents de ceux observés dans la tâche de perception, et les erreurs d’orientation n’ont pas augmenté avec le degré de rotation nécessaire pour insérer la poignée dans la fente. En absence de vision de la main, il a été observé que les erreurs d’orientation étaient plus petites dans la tâche de mouvement que de perception, suggérant l’implication de la proprioception pour le contrôle de l’orientation spatiale de la main lors des mouvements d’orientation et d’atteinte simultanées. Le deuxième objectif de cette recherche était d’étudier l’influence de la vision et de la proprioception dans le contrôle en temps réel de l’orientation spatiale de la main. Dans une tâche d’orientation de la main suivie d’une atteinte manuelle (letter posting task 2), les sujets devaient d’abord aligner l’orientation de la même poignée avec la fente fixée dans les mêmes orientations, puis réaliser un mouvement d’atteinte sans modifier l’orientation initiale de la main. Une augmentation des erreurs initiales et finales a été observée avec le retrait des informations visuelles. Malgré la consigne de ne pas changer l’orientation initiale de la main, une diminution des erreurs d’orientation a généralement été observée suite au mouvement d’atteinte, dans toutes les conditions sensorielles testées. Cette tendance n’a pas été observée lorsqu’aucune cible explicite n’était présentée et que les sujets devaient conserver l’orientation de départ de la main pendant le mouvement d’atteinte (mouvement intransitif; letter-posting task 3). La diminution des erreurs pendant l’atteinte manuelle transitive vers une cible explicite (letter-posting task 2), malgré la consigne de ne pas changer l’orientation de la main pendant le mouvement, suggère un mécanisme de corrections automatiques pour le contrôle en temps réel de l’orientation spatiale de la main pendant le mouvement d’atteinte naturel vers une cible stationnaire. Le troisième objectif de cette recherche était d’évaluer la contribution de l’expérience visuelle pour la perception et le contrôle de l’orientation spatiale de la main. Des sujets aveugles ont été testés dans les mêmes tâches de perception et de mouvement. De manière générale, les sujets aveugles ont présenté les mêmes tendances que les sujets voyants testés dans la condition proprioceptive (sans vision), suggérant que l’expérience visuelle n’est pas nécessaire pour le développement d’un mécanisme de correction en temps réel de l’orientation spatiale de la main basé sur la proprioception. / The goal of this research was to study the contribution of vision and proprioception to the perception and control of hand orientation in human subjects. Spatial orientation of the hand is an important component of reaching and grasping movements. However, not much attention has been given to spatial hand orientation in the literature. To our knowledge, this study is the first to specifically investigate the influence of sensory information for the perception and on-line control of hand orientation during natural reaching movement to stationary targets. The first objective of this research was to study the contribution of vision and proprioception in perceptual orientation-matching and motor letter posting tasks. In the perceptual orientation-matching task, subjects attempted to passively or actively align a match handle, to a target that was fixed in different orientations. In the passive perceptual task, passive rotations of the forearm and wrist were imposed by the experimenter; whereas in the active perceptual task, the rotations were actively executed by the subjects. In letter posting task 1, subjects simultaneously reached and rotated the right hand to insert a match handle into a target slot fixed in the same orientations. The tasks were performed in different sensory conditions where the visual information about the target and the hand was manipulated. In the perceptual orientation-matching task, augmentation of hand orientation errors was observed with the withdrawal of visual information related to either the target and/or the hand. When full vision was not allowed, hand orientation errors were larger overall when larger rotations of the wrist were required to match the target, whether the rotations were made actively by the subject or were imposed passively by the experimenter. In letter posting task 1, augmentation of hand orientation errors was also observed with the withdrawal of visual information related to either the target and/or the hand. However, errors patterns were different from those observed in the perceptual task, and hand orientation errors were not larger for larger target orientations. Without vision of the hand, final hand orientation errors were smaller overall in letter-posting task 1 than in the orientation-matching task. This suggests the implication of the proprioceptive information for the control of spatial hand orientation during reach-and-orient movements. The second objective of this research was to study the influence of vision and proprioception in on-line control of spatial hand orientation. In letter posting task 2, subjects first aligned their hand to the angle of the target and then reached to it with the instruction not to change their initial hand orientation. The augmentation of initial and final errors was observed with the withdrawal of vision. Although subjects were instructed to not change their hand orientation, in all sensory condition tested, hand orientation changed overall during reaching in a way that reduced the initial orientation errors. This trend did not occur when there was no explicitly defined target toward which the subjects reached (letter-posting task 3; intransitive movement). The reduction in hand orientation errors during transitive reach in letter-posting task 2, even when told not to change it, suggests the engagement of an automatic error correction mechanism for hand orientation during natural reaching movements toward stationary targets. The third objective of this research was to investigate the contribution of visual experience to the perception and control of spatial orientation of the hand. Blind subjects were tested in the same perceptual and motor tasks. Overall, no differences were observed between performance of blind subjects and normally-sighted subjects tested without vision (proprioceptive condition), suggesting that prior visual experience is not necessary for the development of an on-line error correction mechanism for hand orientation guided by proprioceptive inputs.

Cette recherche a pour but d’évaluer le rôle de la vision et de la proprioception pour la perception et le contrôle de l’orientation spatiale de la main chez l’humain. L’orientation spatiale de la main est une composante importante des mouvements d’atteinte et de saisie. Toutefois, peu d’attention a été portée à l’étude de l’orientation spatiale de la main dans la littérature. À notre connaissance, cette étude est la première à évaluer spécifiquement l’influence des informations sensorielles et de l’expérience visuelle pour la perception et le contrôle en temps réel de l'orientation spatiale de la main pendant le mouvement d’atteinte naturel vers une cible stationnaire. Le premier objectif était d’étudier la contribution de la vision et de la proprioception dans des tâches de perception et de mouvement d’orientation de la main. Dans la tâche de perception (orientation-matching task), les sujets devaient passivement ou activement aligner une poignée de forme rectangulaire avec une cible fixée dans différentes orientations. Les rotations de l’avant-bras et du poignet étaient soit imposées par l’expérimentateur, soit effectuées par les sujets. Dans la tâche de mouvement d’orientation et d’atteinte simultanées (letter posting task 1), les sujets ont réalisé des mouvements d’atteinte et de rotation simultanées de la main afin d’insérer la poignée rectangulaire dans une fente fixée dans les mêmes orientations. Les tâches ont été réalisées dans différentes conditions sensorielles où l’information visuelle de la cible et de la main était manipulée. Dans la tâche perceptive, une augmentation des erreurs d’orientation de la main a été observée avec le retrait des informations visuelles concernant la cible et/ou ou la main. Lorsque la vision de la main n’était pas permise, il a généralement été observé que les erreurs d’orientation de la main augmentaient avec le degré de rotation nécessaire pour aligner la main et la cible. Dans la tâche de mouvement d’orientation et d’atteinte simultanées, les erreurs ont également augmenté avec le retrait des informations visuelles. Toutefois, les patrons d’erreurs étaient différents de ceux observés dans la tâche de perception, et les erreurs d’orientation n’ont pas augmenté avec le degré de rotation nécessaire pour insérer la poignée dans la fente. En absence de vision de la main, il a été observé que les erreurs d’orientation étaient plus petites dans la tâche de mouvement que de perception, suggérant l’implication de la proprioception pour le contrôle de l’orientation spatiale de la main lors des mouvements d’orientation et d’atteinte simultanées. Le deuxième objectif de cette recherche était d’étudier l’influence de la vision et de la proprioception dans le contrôle en temps réel de l’orientation spatiale de la main. Dans une tâche d’orientation de la main suivie d’une atteinte manuelle (letter posting task 2), les sujets devaient d’abord aligner l’orientation de la même poignée avec la fente fixée dans les mêmes orientations, puis réaliser un mouvement d’atteinte sans modifier l’orientation initiale de la main. Une augmentation des erreurs initiales et finales a été observée avec le retrait des informations visuelles. Malgré la consigne de ne pas changer l’orientation initiale de la main, une diminution des erreurs d’orientation a généralement été observée suite au mouvement d’atteinte, dans toutes les conditions sensorielles testées. Cette tendance n’a pas été observée lorsqu’aucune cible explicite n’était présentée et que les sujets devaient conserver l’orientation de départ de la main pendant le mouvement d’atteinte (mouvement intransitif; letter-posting task 3). La diminution des erreurs pendant l’atteinte manuelle transitive vers une cible explicite (letter-posting task 2), malgré la consigne de ne pas changer l’orientation de la main pendant le mouvement, suggère un mécanisme de corrections automatiques pour le contrôle en temps réel de l’orientation spatiale de la main pendant le mouvement d’atteinte naturel vers une cible stationnaire. Le troisième objectif de cette recherche était d’évaluer la contribution de l’expérience visuelle pour la perception et le contrôle de l’orientation spatiale de la main. Des sujets aveugles ont été testés dans les mêmes tâches de perception et de mouvement. De manière générale, les sujets aveugles ont présenté les mêmes tendances que les sujets voyants testés dans la condition proprioceptive (sans vision), suggérant que l’expérience visuelle n’est pas nécessaire pour le développement d’un mécanisme de correction en temps réel de l’orientation spatiale de la main basé sur la proprioception. / The goal of this research was to study the contribution of vision and proprioception to the perception and control of hand orientation in human subjects. Spatial orientation of the hand is an important component of reaching and grasping movements. However, not much attention has been given to spatial hand orientation in the literature. To our knowledge, this study is the first to specifically investigate the influence of sensory information for the perception and on-line control of hand orientation during natural reaching movement to stationary targets. The first objective of this research was to study the contribution of vision and proprioception in perceptual orientation-matching and motor letter posting tasks. In the perceptual orientation-matching task, subjects attempted to passively or actively align a match handle, to a target that was fixed in different orientations. In the passive perceptual task, passive rotations of the forearm and wrist were imposed by the experimenter; whereas in the active perceptual task, the rotations were actively executed by the subjects. In letter posting task 1, subjects simultaneously reached and rotated the right hand to insert a match handle into a target slot fixed in the same orientations. The tasks were performed in different sensory conditions where the visual information about the target and the hand was manipulated. In the perceptual orientation-matching task, augmentation of hand orientation errors was observed with the withdrawal of visual information related to either the target and/or the hand. When full vision was not allowed, hand orientation errors were larger overall when larger rotations of the wrist were required to match the target, whether the rotations were made actively by the subject or were imposed passively by the experimenter. In letter posting task 1, augmentation of hand orientation errors was also observed with the withdrawal of visual information related to either the target and/or the hand. However, errors patterns were different from those observed in the perceptual task, and hand orientation errors were not larger for larger target orientations. Without vision of the hand, final hand orientation errors were smaller overall in letter-posting task 1 than in the orientation-matching task. This suggests the implication of the proprioceptive information for the control of spatial hand orientation during reach-and-orient movements. The second objective of this research was to study the influence of vision and proprioception in on-line control of spatial hand orientation. In letter posting task 2, subjects first aligned their hand to the angle of the target and then reached to it with the instruction not to change their initial hand orientation. The augmentation of initial and final errors was observed with the withdrawal of vision. Although subjects were instructed to not change their hand orientation, in all sensory condition tested, hand orientation changed overall during reaching in a way that reduced the initial orientation errors. This trend did not occur when there was no explicitly defined target toward which the subjects reached (letter-posting task 3; intransitive movement). The reduction in hand orientation errors during transitive reach in letter-posting task 2, even when told not to change it, suggests the engagement of an automatic error correction mechanism for hand orientation during natural reaching movements toward stationary targets. The third objective of this research was to investigate the contribution of visual experience to the perception and control of spatial orientation of the hand. Blind subjects were tested in the same perceptual and motor tasks. Overall, no differences were observed between performance of blind subjects and normally-sighted subjects tested without vision (proprioceptive condition), suggesting that prior visual experience is not necessary for the development of an on-line error correction mechanism for hand orientation guided by proprioceptive inputs.

Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse sont lies aux problèmes de vérification de l'atteignabilité et de la terminaison de programmes qui manipulent des données entières non-bornées. On décrit une nouvelle méthode de vérification basée sur une technique d'accélération de boucle, qui calcule, de manière exacte, la clôture transitive d'une relation arithmétique. D'abord, on introduit un algorithme d'accélération de boucle qui peut calculer, en quelques secondes, des clôtures transitives pour des relations de l'ordre d'une centaine de variables. Ensuite, on présente une méthode d'analyse de l'atteignabilité, qui manipule des relations entre les variables entières d'un programme, et applique l'accélération pour le calcul des relations entrée-sortie des procédures, de façon modulaire. Une approche alternative pour l'analyse de l'atteignabilité, présentée également dans cette thèse, intègre l'accélération avec l'abstraction par prédicats, afin de traiter le problème de divergence de cette dernière. Ces deux méthodes ont été évaluées de manière pratique, sur un nombre important d'exemples, qui étaient, jusqu'a présent, hors de la portée des outils d'analyse existants. Dernièrement, on a étudié le problème de la terminaison pour certaines classes de boucles de programme, et on a montré la décidabilité pour les relations étudiées. Pour ces classes de relations arithmétiques, on présente un algorithme qui s'exécute en temps au plus polynomial, et qui calcule l'ensemble d'états qui peuvent générer une exécution infinie. Ensuite on a intégré cet algorithme dans une méthode d'analyse de la terminaison pour des programmes qui manipulent des données entières. / This work presents novel methods for verification of reachability and termination properties of programs that manipulate unbounded integer data. Most of these methods are based on acceleration techniques which compute transitive closures of program loops. We first present an algorithm that accelerates several classes of integer relations and show that the new method performs up to four orders of magnitude better than the previous ones. On the theoretical side, our framework provides a common solution to the acceleration problem by proving that the considered classes of relations are periodic. Subsequently, we introduce a semi-algorithmic reachability analysis technique that tracks relations between variables of integer programs and applies the proposed acceleration algorithm to compute summaries of procedures in a modular way. Next, we present an alternative approach to reachability analysis that integrates predicate abstraction with our acceleration techniques to increase the likelihood of convergence of the algorithm. We evaluate these algorithms and show that they can handle a number of complex integer programs where previous approaches failed. Finally, we study the termination problem for several classes of program loops and show that it is decidable. Moreover, for some of these classes, we design a polynomial time algorithm that computes the exact set of program configurations from which non-terminating runs exist. We further integrate this algorithm into a semi-algorithmic method that analyzes termination of integer programs, and show that the resulting technique can verify termination properties of several non-trivial integer programs. / Tato pr´ace pˇredstavuje nov´e metody pro verifikaci program°u pracuj´ıc´ıch s neomezen´ymiceloˇc´ıslen´ymi promˇenn´ymi, konkr´etnˇe metody pro anal´yzu dosaˇzitelnosti a koneˇcnosti.Vˇetˇsina tˇechto metod je zaloˇzena na akceleraˇcn´ıch technik´ach, kter´e poˇc´ıtaj´ı tranzitivn´ıuz´avˇery cykl°u programu.V pr´aci je nejprve pˇredstaven algoritmus pro akceleraci nˇekolika tˇr´ıd celoˇc´ıseln´ychrelac´ı. Tento algoritmus je aˇz o ˇctyˇri ˇr´ady rychlejˇs´ı neˇz existuj´ıc´ı techniky. Z teoretick´ehohlediska pr´ace dokazuje, ˇze uvaˇzovan´e tˇr´ıdy relac´ı jsou periodick´e a poskytuje tud´ıˇzjednotn´e ˇreˇsen´ı prol´emu akcelerace.Pr´ace d´ale pˇredstavuje semi-algoritmus pro anal´yzu dosaˇzitelnosti celoˇc´ıseln´ych program°u, kter´y sleduje relace mezi promˇenn´ymi programu a aplikuje akceleraˇcn´ı technikyza ´uˇcelem modul´arn´ıho v´ypoˇctu souhrn°u procedur. D´ale je v pr´aci navrˇzen alternativn´ıalgoritmus pro anal´yzu dosaˇzitelnosti, kter´y integruje predik´atovou abstrakci s accelerac´ıs c´ılem zv´yˇsit pravdˇepodobnost konvergence v´ypoˇctu. Proveden´e experimenty ukazuj´ı, ˇzeoba algoritmy lze ´uspˇeˇsnˇe aplikovat k verifikaci program°u, na kter´ych pˇredchoz´ı metodyselh´avaly.Pr´ace se rovnˇeˇz zab´yv´a probl´emem koneˇcnosti bˇehu program°u a dokazuje, ˇze tentoprobl´em je rozhodnuteln´y pro nˇekolik tˇr´ıd celoˇc´ıseln´ych relac´ı. Pro nˇekter´e z tˇechto tˇr´ıdrelac´ı je v pr´aci navrˇzen algoritmus, kter´y v polynomi´aln´ım ˇcase vypoˇc´ıt´a mnoˇzinu vˇsechkonfigurac´ı programu, z nichˇz existuje nekoneˇcn´y bˇeh. Tento algoritmus je integrov´ando metody, kter´a analyzuje koneˇcnost bˇeh°u celoˇc´ıseln´ych program°u. Efektivnost t´etometody je demonstrov´ana na nˇekolika netrivi´aln´ıch celoˇc´ıseln´ych programech.

Cette étude a pour objectif la description syntaxique et sémantique des constructions transitives non locatives à un complément d'objet direct en grec moderne : N0 V N1. Nous nous sommes appuyée sur le cadre théorique de la grammaire transformationnelle de Zellig S. Harris et sur le cadre méthodologique du Lexique-Grammaire, défini par Maurice Gross et développé au Laboratoire d'Automatique Documentaire et Linguistique. À partir de 16 560 entrées verbales morphologiques, nous procédons à la classification des constructions transitives non locatives, à partir de 24 classes distinctes, sur la base de critères formels posés. Un inventaire de 2 934 emplois verbaux à construction transitive non locative à un complément d'objet direct a été ainsi produit et scindé en neuf classes. Parmi ces emplois, 1 884 sont formellement décrits dans 9 tables de lexique-grammaire établies : plus précisément, il s'agit de celles qui impliquent des constructions à un complément d'objet direct illustrant les concepts « apparition » (table 32GA), « disparition » (32GD), objet « concret » (32GC), « partie du corps » (32GCL), substantif « humain » (32GH), substantif avec « pluriel obligatoire » (32GPL). En outre, la transformation passive est largement interdite pour les emplois verbaux recensés dans la table 32GNM, alors que les tables 32GCV et 32GRA regroupent des verbes acceptant une transformation à verbe support. Nous présentons l'application des données linguistiques recensées dans le traitement automatique des langues naturelles (TALN), avec la conversion automatique des tables en automates à états finis récursifs, suivie de nos suggestions sur leur applicabilité à la traduction en français et à l'enseignement du grec moderne (langue maternelle ou étrangère) : acquisition/apprentissage / The current research aims to provide a syntactic and semantic analysis of Modern Greek transitive non-locative constructions with one direct object: N0 V N1. Our study is based on the syntactic framework of the Transformational Grammar defined by Zellig S. Harris. We followed the Lexicon-Grammar methodology framework developed by Maurice Gross and elaborated at the LADL (Laboratoire d'Automatique Documentaire et Linguistique). Based on 16 560 morphological verbal entries, we proceeded to the classification of transitive non-locative constructions. On the basis of formal criteria we divided them into 24 distinct classes that formed an inventory of 2 934 transitive non-locative verbal uses with one direct object. Among them, 1 884 verbal uses were split into nine classes and they were formally described in 9 lexicon-grammar tables established for this purpose. More precisely, these structures include a direct object referring to the following concepts: “appearance” (32GA table), “disappearance” (32GD), “concrete” object (32GC), “body part” (32GCL), “human” object (32GH), and “obligatory plural” (32GPL). Likewise, the passive transformation is largely blocked in the 32GNM table, while the 32GCV and 32GRA tables regroup verbs accepting a support verb transformation. We present the linguistic data application in Natural Language Processing (NLP), by means of automatic tables conversion into recursive transition network automata. Moreover, we set forth our remarks on their applicability in translation from Modern Greek to French as well as in language learning/teaching (Modern Greek as first or second language)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:18:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dhayana Inthamoussu Veiga.pdf: 983895 bytes, checksum: c91e662987db64459c6afe5fc56b6e33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-23 / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo / The purpose of the present study was to verify if verbal stimuli could exert the function of transitive conditioned establishing operation (TCEO) and if the establishment of the TCEO function would differ between verbal stimuli probably produced by different histories of reinforcement (tacting / manding / autoclitic relations) and would differ between verbal and non verbal stimuli. The participants were 15 female and 4 male (between 18 and 24 years old). A software managed the presentation of the task and the manipulation of the operative contingencies. The task was presented as a game, similar to a slot machine, in which a mouse and a joystick were used to produce points which could be exchanged by an amount of money. The experimental design was based in Ravagnani (2004) and consisted of: a preliminary phase (discrimination and chaining) and Phases 1, 2 and 3. The purpose of Phase 1 was to establish a TCEO, with one word ( press , fruits or don t press ), a pseudo-word ( tabilu ) or an abstract image (&#9571;&#9571;&#9571;&#9571;&#9571;&#9571;&#9571;&#9571;&#9571;). The TCEO was established through the following contingency: in the presence of one of the five stimuli the first instance of the response should be emitted and once the VR12 was completed the color of a circle was changed from grey to green during 3 seconds. In the presence of the Green circle the response of pulling the joystick s handle produced one point. If the first response instance was emitted in the absence of the presumed TCEO the completion of the VR12 would produce the color change of the circle, however, the response of pulling the joystick s handle would not produce points. Phase 2 had the aim to observe the possible effects of the non changing color of the circle as a consequence for the of completion of the VR12 on the behavioral chain. In this phase, all VR12 started either in the presence or in the absence of the presumed TCEO did not produce the 3 sec color change in the circle, which was grey. However, pulling the joystick s handle during the first three sec immediately subsequent to the VR12 completion (started in the presence of the presumed TCEO) produced points. On Phase 3, contingencies identical to those of Phase 1 were operative with the purpose to verify if the changes in the behavior of the participants possibly observed during Phase 2 would remain. Phase 1 results indicate that, for 16 of 19 participants the TCEO was established, despite the stimuli utilized. For 13 of these 16 participants, results clearly showed that the conditioned reinforcer omission produced behavioral changes which indicate extinction process. It suggests that the green circle exerted conditioned reinforce function, established by the TCEO. Phase 3 results show that the behavioral chain was sistematically completed by all 16 participants. Some evidence of differences between the effects produced by the different stimuli established as TCEO during Phase 1 were observed. However this study could not verify the establishment of systematic relations / O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar se estímulos verbais podem exercer função de operação estabelecedora condicionada transitiva (OECT) e se o estabelecimento da função de OECT diferiria entre estímulos verbais provavelmente produzidos por diferentes histórias de reforçamento (relações de mando/tato/autoclíticas) e entre estímulos verbais e não verbais. Participaram 15 mulheres e 4 homens (18 a 24 anos). Um software gerenciou a apresentação da tarefa e a manipulação das contingências em vigor. A tarefa foi apresentada no formato de um jogo, semelhante a um caça-níqueis, em que se utilizava mouse e joystick para produzir pontos, trocados por uma quantia em dinheiro. O delineamento experimental foi elaborado a partir de Ravagnani (2004) e consistiu em: Fase Preliminar (discriminação e encadeamento) e Fases 1, 2 e 3. A Fase 1 tinha por objetivo estabelecer uma OECT, que poderia ser uma palavra ( pressione , frutas ou não pressione ), uma pseudo-palavra ( tabilu ) ou uma figura abstrata (&#9571;&#9571;&#9571;&#9571;&#9571;&#9571;&#9571;&#9571;&#9571;). O estabelecimento da OECT era feito a partir da seguinte contingência: na presença de um dos cinco estímulos, a primeira resposta de uma VR12 deveria ser emitida quando, então, completada a VR12, a cor de um círculo era alterada de cinza para verde durante 3 segundos. Na presença do círculo verde, a resposta de puxar a alavanca do joystick produzia um ponto. Caso a primeira resposta da VR12 fosse emitida na ausência da suposta OECT, a finalização da VR12 produzia a alteração da cor do círculo, contudo, a resposta de puxar a alavanca na presença do círculo verde não produzia ponto. A Fase 2 teve como objetivo observar os possíveis efeitos na cadeia de respostas da não alteração da cor do círculo como conseqüência das VR12 completadas. As VR12 iniciadas tanto na presença como na ausência da suposta OECT não produziram a alteração de 3 segundos na cor círculo, permanecendo cinza. Contudo, puxar a alavanca durante os 3 segundos imediatamente depois de completadas as VR12 (iniciadas na presença da suposta OECT) produziam ponto. Na Fase 3, contingências idênticas àquelas da Fase 1 estiveram em vigor com o objetivo de verificar se as mudanças no responder dos participantes possivelmente observadas na Fase 2 seriam mantidas. Os resultados na Fase 1 indicaram que, para 16 de 19 participantes, a OECT foi estabelecida, a despeito do tipo de estímulo utilizado. Para 13 destes 16 participantes, os resultados da Fase 2 mostram de forma clara que a omissão do reforçador condicionado produziu alterações comportamentais indicadoras do processo de extinção, o que sugere que círculo verde exerceu função de reforçador condicionado, cujo valor era estabelecido pela apresentação da OECT. Os resultados relativos à Fase 3 mostram que a cadeia foi sistematicamente completada por todos os 16 participantes. Alguns indícios de diferenças entre os efeitos produzidos pelos estímulos estabelecidos como OECT durante a Fase 1 foram encontrados. Contudo, por meio deste estudo não foi possível verificar relações que tenham se estabelecido sistematicamente

VASCONCELOS, Rosa Tayane de. O tensor de Ricci e campos de killing de espaços simétricos. 2017. 81 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Matemática)- Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2017. / Submitted by Andrea Dantas (pgmat@mat.ufc.br) on 2017-09-18T13:45:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_rtvasconcelos.pdf: 555452 bytes, checksum: 4ff6c8fb7950682913acabed03e9d3d7 (MD5) / Rejected by Rocilda Sales (rocilda@ufc.br), reason: Boa tarde, A Dissertação de ROSA TAYANE DE VASCONCELOS apresenta a alguns erros que devem corrigidos, os mesmos seguem listados abaixo: 1- EPÍGRAFE (coloque o nome do autor da epígrafe todo em letra maiúscula) 2- RESUMO/ ABSTRACT (retire o recuo dos parágrafos do resumo e do abstract) 3- PALAVRAS-CHAVE/ KEYWORDS (coloque a letra inicial do primeiro elemento das palavras- -chave e das Keywords em maiúscula) 4- CITAÇÕES (as citações a autores, que aparecem em todo o trabalho, não estão no padrão ABNT: se for apenas uma referência geral a uma obra, deve se colocar o último sobrenome do autor em letra maiúscula e o ano da publicação, ex.: EBERLEIN (2005). Caso seja a citação de um trecho particular da obra deve acrescentar o número da página, ex.: EBERLEIN (2005, p. 30). OBS.: as citações não devem estar entre colchetes. 5- TÍTULOS DOS CAPÍTULOS E SEÇÕES (coloque os títulos dos capítulos e seções em negrito) 6- REFERÊNCIAS (as referências bibliográficas não estão no padrão ABNT: apenas o último sobrenome do autor, que inicia a referência, deve estar em letra maiúscula, o restante do nome deve estar em letra minúscula. EX.: BROCKER, Theodor; TOM DIECK, Tammo. Representations of compact Lie groups, v. 98. Springer Science & Business Media, 2013. Atenciosamente, on 2017-09-18T15:04:06Z (GMT) / Submitted by Andrea Dantas (pgmat@mat.ufc.br) on 2017-09-19T13:33:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_rtvasconcelos.pdf: 522079 bytes, checksum: ff99004fbe22e922f704a6a87365d3b6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rocilda Sales (rocilda@ufc.br) on 2017-09-21T12:18:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_rtvasconcelos.pdf: 522079 bytes, checksum: ff99004fbe22e922f704a6a87365d3b6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-21T12:18:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_rtvasconcelos.pdf: 522079 bytes, checksum: ff99004fbe22e922f704a6a87365d3b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-13 / This work brings a smooth and self-contained introduction to the study of the most basic aspects of symmetric spaces, having as its nal goal the characterization of the Killing vector fields and of the Ricci tensor of such riemannian manifolds. Several of the results presented in the initial chapter are not easily found, in the Diferential Geometry literature, in a way as accessible and self-contained as here. This being said, we believe that this work embodies some didactic relevance, for it others students interested in symmetric spaces a relatively smooth first contact. We shall generally look at symmetric spaces as homogeneous manifolds G=H, where G is a Lie group and H is a closed Lie subgroup of G, such that the natural mapping : G ! G=H is a riemannian submersion. Ultimately, this map allows us to describe the relationships between the curvature, the Ricci tensor and the geodesics of G and G=H. For our purposes, the crucial remark is that, under appropriate circumstances, one guarantees the existence, in G=H, of a metric for which left translations are isometries. Hence, a one-parameter family of such isometries gives rise to a Killing vector field, which turn into a Jacobi vector eld when restricted to a geodesic. We present explicit expressions for such Jacobi vector elds, showing that they only depend on the eigenvalues of the linear operator TX : g ! g given by TX = (adX)2, for certain vector elds X 2 g. / Este trabalho traz uma introdução suave e autocontida ao estudo dos aspectos mais básicos de espaços simétricos, tendo como objetivo final a caracterização dos campos de Killing e do tensor de Ricci de tais variedades riemannianas. Vários dos resultados obtidos nos capítulos iniciais não são encontrados, na literatura de Geometria Diferencial, de maneira tão acessível e autocontida como apresentados aqui. Com isso, acreditamos que o trabalho reveste-se de alguma relevância didática, por oferecer aos alunos interessados no estudo de espaços simétricos um primeiro contato relativamente suave. Em linhas gerais, veremos espaços simétricos como variedades homogêneas G=H, onde G e um grupo de Lie e H um subgrupo de Lie fechado de G, tais que a aplicação natural: G ! G=H seja uma submersão riemanniana. Através dela, descrevemos relações entre a curvatura, o tensor de Ricci e as geodésicas de G e G=H. Para nossos propósitos, a observação crucial e que, sob certas hipóteses, garantimos a existência, em G=H, de uma métrica cujas translações a esquerda são isometrias. Portanto, uma família a um parâmetro de tais isometrias d a origem a um campo de Killing que, por sua vez, restrito a geodésicas torna-se um campo de Jacobi. Apresentamos expressões para esses campos de Jacobi, mostrando que os mesmos só dependem dos autovalores do operador linear TX : g ! g dado por TX = (adX)2, para certos campos X 2 g.