Syftet med studien är att göra en fördjupning inom NoSQL-databaser och undersöka vilka uppgifter som de olika NoSQL-grupperna passar bäst till i ett socialt nätverk, som t.ex. Facebook och Twitter. Det finns fyra olika typer av NoSQL-databaser: kolumndatabaser, grafdatabaser, nyckelvärdedatabaser och dokumentdatabaser. Frågan är vilken NoSQL-databas ska man välja till en viss uppgift i ett givet socialt nätverk. När man ska utveckla ett socialt nätverk, som kräver lagring av data, är det viktigt att känna till vilken typ av databas som bör användas till en vis typ av uppgift. För att få svar på frågorna har det gjorts en undersökning över vad tidigare forskning har kommit fram till. Det har även gjorts en praktisk studie med alla fyra NoSQL-grupper i ett experiment med lagring av användaruppgifter, meddelanden och vänner. / The purpose of the study is to deepen within NoSQL databases and investigate what tasks the different NoSQL groups fit best in a social network, such as Facebook and Twitter. The data is, for example, about the storage of personal data or social networking. There are four different types of NoSQL databases: column databases, graph databases, key value databases and document databases. The question is which NoSQL database should be chosen for a particular task in a given social network. When developing a social network that requires data storage, it is important to know what kind of database should be used for a certain type of task.In order to answer the questions, an investigation has been made of what previous research has reached. There has also been a practical study of all four NoSQL groups in an experiment with storing user information, messages and friends.

This study proposes a performance comparison between the different structures of NoSQL databases; document, key-value, column and graph. A second study is also conducted, when looking at performance comparison between three different NoSQL databases, all of the same structure; document based, the databases that are tested here are; MongoDB, OrientDB and Couchbase. Performance tests are conducted using a benchmarking tool YCSB (Yahoo! Cloud Serving Benchmark), and by looking at time to execute and throughput (operations/ second). Beside benchmarking literature reviews are conducted to be able to understand the different NoSQL structures, and to elaborate our benchmarking results. Every NoSQL structure and database in our benchmark is tested in the same way, a loading phase of 1k, 10k and 100k entries, and a running phase with a workload of approximately 50% reads and 50% updates with 1k, 10k and 100k operations. The finding of this study is that there are differences in performance, both between different structures and between same structured NoSQL databases. Document based OrientDB was the highest performing database at high volumes of data, and key-value store database Redis performed best at low volumes of data. Reasons for performance differences are both linked to specific trademarks of the structural orientation, the usage of the specific attributes of CAP theorem, storage type and development language.

<p><strong>Apstrakt je obrađen tehnologijama za optičko prepoznavanje teksta (OCR).</strong></p><p>Sumporni oksidi najče&scaron;će prisutni polutanti u atmosferi direktno utiču na zdravlje Ijudi i stvaranje kiselih ki&scaron;a ugrožavajući ekosistem. Razvijen je veliki proj postupaka odsumporavanja otpadnih gasova, dok je u naj&scaron;iroj upotrebi mokri neregenerativni postupak apsorpcije koji koristi jeftine hemikalije, kreč ili krečnjak. Zbog toga se posebna pažnja posvečuje i ispitivanju regenerativnih postupaka kod kojih se apsorpciono sredstvo delimično ili u potpunosti regeneri&scaron;e, a pri čemu su gubici apsorpcionog fluida zanemarljivi. Postupak sa limunskom kiselinom upravo ispunjava poslednji zahtev. Ostale prednosti ovog postupka su fleksibilnost, bez prisustva koplikovanih procesnih postupaka, mali oksidacioni gubici sumpor dioksida i netoksičnost reagensa.<br />Pri projektovanju kolone za odsumporavanje otpadnih gasova neophodno je poznavanje ravnotežnih podatka para-tečnost, hidrodinamičkih parametara (pad pritiska i količina zadržane tečnosti) i prenosa mase kao jednog od direktnih pokazatelja brzine apsorpcije ili ukupne brzine reakcije.<br />Izveden je matematički model ravnoteže za predvidjanje ravnotežnog parcijalnog pritiska sumpor dioksida iznad vodenog rastvora natrijum citrata za ceo opseg pH vrednosti pufera i temperature na osnovu eksperimentalnih vrednosti. Zaustavnom metodom je odredjena količina zadržane tečnosti u koloni. Analizirane su jednačine date u literaturi za predvidjanje pada pritiska i zapreminskih koeficijenata prenosa mase i odabrane one koje se mogu primeniti na odabrani sistem sumpor dioksid/citratni pufer.<br />Na osnovu eksperimentalnih podataka para-tečnost, hidrodinamičkih parametara i odabranih jednačina za prenos mase, izvr&scaron;en je proračun visine apsorpcione kolone sa Raschigovim prstenovima za izdvajanje sumpor dioksida iz otpadnog gasa i pokazano je da pad pritiska za eksperimentalno primenjene protoke gasa i tečnosti odgovara literaturno predloženom opsegu.</p> / <p><strong>Abstract was processed by technology for Optical character recognition (OCR).</strong></p><p>Control of sulfur dioxide emission has a relatively long history, especially in major industrial countries due to its common occurence and harmful effects. A number of dry and wet process comprising regenerable and throw-away process were investigated, but the wet throw-away process become the most widely accepted. The use of the flue gas desulphurization process with sodium citrate solution is recommended, as it is found that sodium citrate meets the specific needs of reversible sulphur dioxide absorption to buffer range as well as its capacity, chemical and physical stability.<br />Packed columns are widely used in the chemical industry for gas/liquid mass and heat transfer operations and they have found special use in small fractionating towers. Their use has also been found to be advantageous where corrosion control is essential. Fundamental steps necessary for design of absorption column for sulfur dioxide removal are:<br />- determination of vapor-liguid eguiiibrium data for the citrate buffer,<br />- determination of hydrodynamic parameters, i.e. holdup and pressure drop,<br />- determination gas-liquid mass transfer coefficients.<br />On the basis of the experimentally determined vapour pressures data, a model of the gas- equilibria was formulated. Holdups were measured for air/sodium citrate solution using the draining method. Also, literature-proposed eguations for determination of pressure drop, volumetric liquid-phase and gas-phase mass transfer coefficient in packed column were presented and chosen those that could be applied to flue gas/citrate puffer system. Therefore, on the base of obtained results the preposition for the design of packed column is presented.</p>

Several connection details have been developed for the connection of precast cap beams to precast columns in Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) applications. Currently, the suggested details involve some form of either reinforcement or portion of the precast column to penetrate inside the cap beam. Such details present many challenges in the field, such as necessitating bundling of reinforcement in the cap beam or creating a congested reinforcement arrangement. Furthermore, closer inspection of some of the test data indicates that for currently used details, cap beams could sustain some damages during major seismic events, whereas they are designed to be capacity protected. Additionally, construction of such details demands precision. To overcome these challenges, two new connection details are envisioned. Both details completely eliminate penetrating of column into the cap beam. In the first detail, the rebar of the cap beam and the column are spliced in the column and joined with a layer of Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC). The use of UHPC in the splice region allows the tension development of reinforcing bars over a short length. High workability of UHPC and large tolerances inherent with the suggested details can facilitate and accelerate the on-site construction. In the second detail, to confine the plastic hinge with a limited length in the column, two layers of UHPC were employed. Confining the plastic hinge is achieved by sandwiching a desired length of the column, using normal strength concrete (plastic hinge region) in between two layers of UHPC. The most interesting aspect of this detail is the exact location and length of the plastic hinge. The primary goal of this research is to provide a description of the newly developed details, verifying their structural performance and recommendation of a design guide. These goals are achieved through a diverse experimental and numerical program focused on the proposed connections. Results show that both details are equally applicable to seismic applications and able to achieve adequate levels of ductility. Lack of failure in splice region indicated that UHPC can provide a good confinement and shear capacity even when confining transverse reinforcement was not used.

The mining industry is a significant contributor to the Canadian economy. However, the mining activities can be detrimental to the environment due to the release of pollutants. Ammonia is one of the noxious and toxic contaminants associated with mining, ammonia contamination is created by the oxidizing agent in explosives. The explosives impacted mining wastewater (EIMWW) usually contains ammonia and other metal ions. The ammonia in EIMWW could harm the aquatic environment by the depletion of oxygen and its lethal toxicity to aquatic organisms. Before release to environment, EIMWW needs to be treated with an easy-to-operate method for ammonia removal at the remote mining sites. Ion-exchange (IE) with zeolite is an effective method for ammonia removal that is easy-to-operate, is not significantly impacted by cold temperature or toxicity effects. However, the traditional IE regeneration approach of using high concentration NaCl solutions creates a secondary polluting stream. Chlorine regeneration of ammonia-loaded zeolite appears to be a promising option, an evaluation of this option is the main topic of this thesis. This thesis includes three initiatives. The first is a set of multi-cycle batch loading-regeneration tests to assess the viability of ammonia removal with a commercial zeolite (SIR-600) for the treatment of a synthetic EIMWW (containing total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), K, and Ca) and to examine the performance of different ion-exchange regeneration solutions. The long-term TAN uptake of SIR-600 regenerated using a NaOCl (100 mg free Cl2/L) solution was 0.24 meq/g, which was approximately 20% lower than that after a NaCl regeneration. However, chlorine regeneration is promising because the selectivity of SIR-600 for TAN over Ca and K increased after the chlorine regeneration. To simulate recycling of the NaOCl regenerants, K and Ca were added to the NaOCl solution, it did not substantially affect the subsequent SIR-600’s ion uptake. This initiative represents a significant contribution since the earlier studies into chlorine regeneration did not investigate the impact of competing ions. The second initiative addressed concerns regarding the long-term integrity of SIR-600 arising from its exposure to high chlorine concentrations during the regeneration. The five-week long chlorine batch exposure tests with solutions of up to 1000 mg free Cl2/L showed that chlorine exposure did not significantly affect the SIR-600’s characteristics in terms of particle size distribution, surface area, FTIR spectra and ion uptake. Thus, SIR-600 has the potential for long-term use in field applications. The final initiative evaluated the feasibility of chlorine regeneration for continuous flow IE column systems used for ammonia removal from a synthetic EIMWW. Continuous flow column systems are important because these are the standard IE units used in full-scale applications. Multi-cycle column loading-regeneration tests were performed to compare the zeolite performance using a NaOCl (1000 ppm as free Cl2) solution with that using a 5% NaCl regeneration. The influence of loading duration was also assessed. The use of 6-hr loading cycles were shown to be preferable to 23-hr loading cycles because it had lower effluent concentrations and they could achieve higher overall TAN mass removals per unit time. After three operational cycles, the SIR-600 had similar TAN uptake performances (0.21 meq/g Vs. 0.21 meq/g) after NaOCl regeneration and after salt (NaCl) regeneration. This is in contrast to the lower TAN uptakes for the NaOCl regeneration in the batch tests, this indicates that batch tests are not always representative of full-scale applications. Compared to NaCl regenerated SIR-600, SIR-600 after NaOCl regeneration had a higher preference for TAN over Ca and K, which makes this type of regeneration very promising. Its only apparent limitation is that the NaOCl regeneration required a longer duration. During the NaOCl regeneration, the main mechanism appears to be the oxidation of ammonia to nitrogen gas and hydrogen ions, however the Na in the NaOCl solution also seems to have a role in the regeneration.

The master thesis is focused on the design and assessment of the monolithic structure of an office building, respectively their main parts - slab, span, columns and basement wall. The static solution is performed in the SCIA Engineer 20.0.2028 computer program. The output of the thesis is a static calculation and drawing part, which is processed in AutoCAD software.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第17871号 / 工博第3780号 / 新制||工||1578(附属図書館) / 30691 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 谷口 栄一, 教授 藤井 聡, 准教授 宇野 伸宏 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第19287号 / 工博第4084号 / 新制||工||1630(附属図書館) / 32289 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 谷口 栄一, 教授 藤井 聡, 准教授 宇野 伸宏 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

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