This thesis talk about practical application of wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM), which belongs to electro-erosion machining methods. This thesis is focused on the production of cutting dies produced by company FOR MIX s.r.o. Trenčín. We can consider the cutting die as a typical product of company´s product program. In the practical part of this diploma thesis, there is detail of technological aspects and operating costs for wire electrical discharge machining technology in specific condition of company FOR MIX s.r.o.

The basic acquaintance with laser technology principles. The consideration and evaluation of this technology present state in engineering. The possibilities of applying new knowledge and discoveries in this field for using in engineering. The estimation of laser technology development within further 5 years and consideration of this technology economical demands.

Sabiendo la afectación a la salud asociadas a la ingestión de Arsénico de origen mineral a través del agua de consumo en el sur de Perú, el presente estudio que busca aportar al abatimiento de este metaloide de una manera sostenible y compatible con las condiciones de acceso a insumos y a recursos que existen actualmente en la zona. Entre las metodologías de abatimiento de Arsénico, se seleccionó la tecnología convencional y se estableció como objetivo encontrar la mejor combinación de coagulante-floculante tanto en tipología como en dosis para lo cual se estableció que el alcance de la presente tesis es aplicada, cuantitativa y experimental. El desarrollo de la presente investigación se basó en la realización de múltiplos ensayos vía Jar-Test mediante una metodología inductiva que se llevó a cabo mediante los siguientes pasos: A) caracterización del agua de la quebrada Uchusuma ubicada en el departamento de Tacna B) Jar- Tests’ de selección de coagulantes y floculantes. C) Establecimiento de dosis óptimas. D) ensayos confirmativos. De los floculantes probados se seleccionó el cloruro férrico por cuanto demostró el mejor desempeño en abatimiento de As con dosis óptimas entre 34 y 40ppm; así mismo seleccionó como mejor floculante un polímero catiónico con dosis óptima entre 0.30 y 0.40. Se realizó un análisis de estimación de costos, encontrando que para sistemas de potabilización de alto consumo el costo unitario oscilaría entre 0.022 y 0.026 $/m3, mientras que para pequeños proyectos mineros el costo unitario puede oscilar entre 0.055 y 0.068 $/m3. / Knowing the impact on health associated with the organic arsenic through drinking water in southern Peru, the present study seeks to contribute to removal this metalloid in a sustainable way and compatible with the conditions of access to supplies and resources that currently exist in the area. Among the arsenic abatement methodologies, the conventional technology was selected and the objective was to find the best combination of coagulant-flocculant both in type and in dosage for which it was established that the scope of this thesis is applied, quantitative and experimental. The development of the present investigation was based on the realization of multiple trials via Jar-Test through an inductive methodology that was carried out through the following steps: A) characterization of the water of the Uchusuma creek located in the department of Tacna B) Jar - Tests' of selection of coagulants and flocculants. C) Establishment of optimal doses. D) Confirmatory tests. Of the flocculants tested Ferric Chloride was selected because it showed the best performance in As removal, with optimal doses between 34 and 40 ppm; Likewise, we selected as the best flocculant a cationic polymer with an optimum dose between 0.30 and 0.40. A cost estimation analysis was carried out, finding that for high consumption potabilization systems the unit cost would oscillate between 0.022 and 0.026 $ / m3, while for small mining projects the unit cost can range between 0.055 and 0.068 $ / m3. / Trabajo de investigación

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Spray application of electrolysed water (EW) different types was studied with objective of verify effects in bacterial growth, lipid and protein oxidation, also color. Temperature (18 and 30°C) and applied volume of water (100 and 200 mL of EW to 250 g of pork loin), as well pressure (30 and 45 psi) was tested variables in six experiments. From the beginning the experiments was based in water and energy saving, grounded in resources saving. Acid electrolysed water (AEW), slightly acid electrolised water (SAEW) and basic electrolysed water (BEW) was applied individual, and had less effect than alternate (BEW +AEW and BEW+SAEW) applications regarding mesophylls, lactic acid bacterias, Enterobacteriaceaes, with little effect on psychrotrophics. Lactic acid bacterias growth was favored in vacuum environment and interfered on meat pH, while EW treatments had no interferences in meat pH along six experiments. Bacterial effects of different EW types and combinations presented decrease tendencies until 15th storage day. Along storage BEW + AEW and BEW + SAEW at 45 psi was more significant in reduce bacterias than individual treatments. Still, EW temperature had no influence in results of realized analysis. Lipid oxidation with AEW and SAEW was higher than BEW that had values according to control. When AEW and SAEW was applied in alternate form, the application of BEW applied first provided fats and protein protection from AEW and SAEW attack, and this fact don t occurred when EW was individually applied. Color had no significant changes for individual EW applications, but in alternate applications, 45 psi promote little changes in color. Correlations with carbonyl and thiol indicated protecin oxidation evolution in pig meat long storage period in all experiments. Redo x potential demonstrated be a good analysis that can be contributed to comprehension of oxidative aspect of meat. Hexanal was more detected in BEW + AEW than BEW +SAEW in storage time. Different types of EW spraying application can be a good alternative with use potential and decrease quantity of utilized water, being alternate form of application more advantageous than individual application about quality attributes of pig meat, like bacterias and physic-chemical. / A aplicação na forma de spray de diferentes tipos de água eletrolisada (AE) foi estudada com o objetivo de verificar seus efeitos no desenvolvimento de bactérias, na oxidação de lipídios e proteínas, e também na cor. A temperatura (18°C e 30°C) e o volume aplicado (100 e 200 ml em 250 g de lombo suíno) das AE, bem como a pressão (30 psi e 45 psi) foram variáveis testadas em seis experimentos. Os experimentos desde o princípio tiveram como base a economia de água e energia, fundamentados na economia de recursos. A água eletrolisada ácida (AEA), água eletrolisada fracamente ácida (AEFA) e água eletrolisada básica (AEB) foram aplicadas de maneira individual, e tiveram menor efeito do que a aplicação das AE de maneira alternadas (AEB + AEA e AEB + AEFA) em mesófilos, bactérias lácticas, Enterobacteriaceaes, com pouco efeito em bactérias psicrotróficas. As bactérias lácticas tiveram crescimento favorecido em ambiente à vácuo e interferiram no pH da carne, enquanto os tratamentos com AE não interferiram no pH da carne em todos os experimentos. O efeito frente às bactérias dos diferentes tipos e combinações de AE apresentaram a tendência de diminuir até o dia 15 de armazenamento. Ao longo do tempo de armazenamento a aplicação de AEB + AEA e AEB + AEFA em 45 psi foram mais significativos em manter a redução das bactérias do que os tratamentos individuais. Ainda, a temperatura da AE aplicada não pareceu influenciar nos resultados das análises realizadas. Ocorreu maior evolução da oxidação lipídica com AEA e AEFA, enquanto com a AEB os valores ficaram mais próximos ao controle. Quando AEA e AEFA foram aplicadas de forma alternada, a AEB ao ser aplicada primeiro proporcionou proteção à gorduras e às proteínas do ataque da AEA e AEFA, fato este que não ocorreu quando estas foram aplicada de maneira individual. O atributo cor não foi alterado de maneira significativa pelos diferentes tipos de AE individuais, mas em aplicações alternadas a pressão de 45 psi promoveu pequena alteração na cor. Correlações entre o tiol e o carbonil indicaram a evolução da oxidação proteica na carne suína durante o período de armazenamento em todos os experimentos realizados. O potencial redox (POR) demonstrou ser uma análise que pode contribuir para compreensão do aspecto oxidativo da carne. O hexanal foi mais detectado na combinação de AEB + AEA do que AEB + AEFA no tempo de armazenamento. A aplicação de spray de diferentes tipos de AE mostrou-se uma alternativa com potencial de uso e redução de quantidade de água utilizada, sendo a forma alternada de aplicação mais vantajosa do que a aplicação individual sobre atributos de qualidade da carne de porco, como bactérias e físico-química.