O município de Itapecerica da Serra é um município desde 1877 que foi absorvido pela conurbação provocada pela região metropolitana de São Paulo e hoje faz parte desta região. Este fenômeno causou grande adensamento populacional em determinadas áreas do município, principalmente naquelas que fazem divisa com os municípios de Embú das Artes e São Paulo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o mapeamento da segregação no município de Itapecerica da Serra. Esta análise foi feita através do Sensoriamento Remoto onde utilizamos da metodologia de textura urbana para a identificação de zonas homogêneas, que correspondem a grupamentos humanos com características sócio-econômicas semelhantes. Por meio destas chegamos a identificar através de critérios selecionados em uma chave de interpretação, as partes componentes de todo o município. Depois, através de Geoprocessamento, as zonas homogêneas foram cruzadas com as variáveis censitárias de qualidade ambiental, renda e instrução, de onde foi gerado um mapa de índice de segregação na área em estudo. / Itapecerica da Serra is an old municipal district since 1877 which has been absorved by conurbation caused by the São Paulo metropolitan area. This phenomenon has caused a large population densification of some areas of the district, more particularly of those neighboring Embú das Artes and São Paulo. The goal of this work was the mapping and analysis of the segregation in Itapecerica da Serra caused by such absorption. The analysis was carried out by means of the remote sensoring in which one uses the texture urban methodology to identify homogenous sectors. These sectors correspond to human groups exhibiting similar socio-culture and economic features. By applying some criteria selected from an interpretation key we were able to identify the component parts of the entire district. Afterwards, geoprocessing was cross with variables census regarding environmental quality, income and level of education, from which it was generated a map of segregation index in the study area.

Neste trabalho, provamos um caso particular do Teorema de Ratner de classificação de medidas, que nos diz que se X =Γ\\G é um espaço homogêneo, onde G é um grupo de Lie e Γ é um lattice de G, então dado um subgrupo unipotente U de G, conseguimos classificar as medidas ergódicas com relação a ação por translação do grupo U em X. Além do Teorema de Ratner de classificação de medidas, falamos sobre o Teorema de Ratner de equidistribuição e o Teorema de Ratner do fecho da órbita, que nos dizem como são as órbitas pela ação por translação do grupo U e como é sua dinâmica em X, do ponto de vista da Teoria Ergódica. Embora estes últimos resultados não sejam provados nesta dissertação, exibimos uma importante aplicação do Teorema de Ratner do fecho da órbita em teoria dos números, provando a Conjectura de Oppeinheim, também conhecida como Teorema de Margullis. / In this work, we prove a particular case of the Ratners measure classification theorem, which tell us that if X = Γ\\G is an homogeneous space, where G is a Lie group and Γ is a lattice of G, then given any unipotent group U of G, we can classify the measures that are ergodic with respect to the translation group action of U in X In addition to the Ratners measure classification theorem, we talk about the Ratners equidistribuition theorem and the Ratners orbit closure theorem, which tell us how the orbit due the action by translation by the group U are and how the dynamics in X is, in an Ergodic Theory point of view. While we didnt prove the last two Ratners theorems, we exhibit an important application of the Ratners orbit closure theorem in number theory, proving the Oppeinheim Conjecture, also know as Margullis Theorem.

Orientador: Luiz Antonio Barrera San Martin / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T02:47:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferrareze_JanetedePaula_D.pdf: 3349014 bytes, checksum: a9c6af0b3ffb0e264a3b4cbc390d5073 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Seja G um grupo de Lie simples...Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital / Abstract: Let G be a simple Lie group...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic document / Doutorado / Matematica / Doutora em Matemática

Les systèmes multiprocesseurs sur puce (MPSoC) offrent des performances supérieures tout en conservant la flexibilité et la réutilisabilité grâce à la customisation du logiciel embarqué. Alors que la plupart de MPSoC sont aujourd'hui hétérogènes pour mieux répondre aux besoins des applications ciblées, les MPSoCs homogènes pourraient devenir dans un proche avenir une alternative viable apportant d'autres avantages tels que l'équilibrage de charge de l'exécution, la migration des tâches et l'ájustement de fréquence dynamique. Cette thèse s'appuie sur une plateforme MPSoC homogène, développée pour explorer techniques d'adaptation en ligne. Chaque processeur de ce système est compact et exécute un système d'exploitation préemptif qui surveille diverses métriques et est habilité à prendre des décisions de remapping grâce à des techniques de migration de code et du changement dynamique de la fréquence. Cette approche permet la mise en œuvre des capacités de raffinage d'application à l'exécution en fonction de différents critères. / Multiprocessor Systems-on-Chip (MPSoC) offer superior performance while maintaining flexibility and reusability thanks to software oriented personalization. While most MPSoCs are today heterogeneous for better meeting the targeted application requirements, homogeneous MPSoCs may become in a near future a viable alternative bringing other benefits such as run-time load balancing, task migration and dynamic frequency scaling. This thesis relies on a homogeneous NoC-based MPSoC platform developed for exploring scalable and adaptive on-line continuous mapping techniques. Each processor of this system is compact and runs a tiny preemptive operating system that monitors various metrics and is entitled to take remapping decisions through code migration techniques and dynamic frequency scaling. This approach that endows the architecture with decisional capabilities permits refining application implementation at run-time according to various criteria.

Context. Software systems, becoming larger and more complex day-by-day, have resulted in software development processes to become more complex to understand and manage. Many companies have started to adapt distributed software engineering practices that would allow them to work in distributed teams at different organizations and/or geographical locations. For example, model-driven engineering methods are being used in such global software engineering projects. Among the activities in model-based software development, consistency checking is one of the widely known ones. Consistency checking is concerned with consistent models; in particular, having a consistent group of multiple models for a whole system, e.g., multiple models produced by distributed teams. Objectives. This thesis aims to find out how ‘Global Consistency Checking (GCC)’ can be utilized for exploring inconsistency problems between distributed models; particularly among UML class diagram relationships (in terms of consistency), as well as how GCC can be scaled with large number of models and relationships. Thereby, these inconsistencies are also aimed to incrementally resolve in our approach. Methods. We made a review in distributed software development domain and model management, in particular, methods of consistency checking between ‘Distributed Models (DM)’. Next, we conducted two case studies in two problem domains in order to apply our ‘consistency checking methodology’. We concurrently constructed and implemented new consistency rules, most of which are gathered from literatures and brainstorming with our coordinators. Generally, the method contains implementing different models of the case studies with a tool support and trying to figure out overlaps, merging models and checking the merged model against the consistency rules, and evaluating the results of GCC. We mainly addressed issues focused on consistency checking of individual models and the mapping between them e.g., pair-wise consistency checking (PCC), which are incapable of fully addressing problems against any consistency rules encountered in distributed environments. Results. We have identified seven types of inconsistency, which are divided in two groups named ‘Global inconsistency’ and ‘Pair-wise inconsistency’. In the first case study, we have 94 global inconsistencies and 73 pair-wise. In the second one, 14 global and 25 pair-wise inconsistencies are resulted. During ‘Resolution approach’, we followed six steps as a ‘systematic procedure’ for resolving these inconsistencies and constructed new merged model in each iteration. The initial merged model (inconsistent model) as an input for the first step has 1267 elements, and the consistent merged model (the output) from the sixth step has 686 elements. ‘time duration’ and ‘required effort’ for checking consistency against each ‘consistency rule’ were recorded, analyzed and illustrated in Sections 4.1.5 and 4.2.4. Conclusions. We concluded that GCC enables us to explore the inconsistencies, inclusive of resolving them and therefore, refining the relationships between different models, which are difficult to detect by e.g., a pair-wise method. The most important issues are: The number of model comparisons conducted by PCC, The inability of PCC for identifying some inconsistencies, Model relationships refinement and classification based on PCC approach will not lead to a final consistent DM, whereas, GCC guarantees it. Consistency rules application, inconsistency identification and resolving them could be generalized to any UML class diagram model representing a problem domain within the fields of consistency checking in software engineering. / 0046760850792, 0046737749752

Data traffic demand has been increasing exponentially and this trend will continue over theforeseeable future. This has forced operators to upgrade and densify their mobile networks toenhance their capacity. Future networks will be characterized by a dense deployment of different kinds of base stations (BSs) in a hierarchical cellular structure. However network densification requires extensive capital and operational investment which limits operator revenues and raises ecological concerns over greenhouse gas emissions. Although networks are planned to support peak traffic, traffic demand is actually highly variable in both space and time which makes it necessary to adapt network energy consumption to inevitable variations in traffic demand. In this thesis, stochastic geometry tools are used to perform simple and tractable analysis of thecoverage, rate and energy performance of homogeneous networks and heterogeneous networks(HetNets). BSs in each tier are located according to independent Poisson Point Processes(PPPs) to generate irregular topologies that fairly resemble practical deployment topologies. The homogeneous network is optimized to determine the optimal BS density and transmit power configuration that minimizes its area power consumption (APC) subject to both coverage and average rate constraints. Results show that optimal transmit power only depends on the BSpower consumption parameters and can be predetermined. Furthermore, various sleep modemechanisms are applied to the homogeneous network to adapt its APC to changes in userdensity. A centralized strategic scheme which prioritize BSs with the least number of usersenhances energy efficiency (EE) of the network. Due to the complexity of such a centralizedscheme, a distributed scheme which implements the strategic algorithm within clusters of BSsis proposed and its performance closely matches that of its centralized counterpart. It is more challenging to model the optimal deployment configuration per tier in a multi-tier HetNet. Appropriate assumptions are used to determine tight approximations of these deployment configurations that minimize the APC of biased and unbiased HetNets subject tocoverage and rate constraints. The optimization is performed for three different user associationschemes. Similar to the homogeneous network, optimal transmit power per tier also depends onBS power consumption parameters only and can also be predetermined. Analysis of the effect of biasing on HetNet performance shows appropriate biasing can further reduce the deploymentconfiguration (and consequently the APC) compared to an unbiased HetNet. In addition, biasing can be used to offload traffic from congesting and high-power macro BSs to low-power small BSs. If idle BSs are put into sleep mode, more energy is saved and HetNet EE improves. Moreover, appropriate biasing also enhances the EE of the HetNet.

Avec les récents changements climatiques et la mutation de plusieurs secteurs industriels, une meilleure gestion des rejets de dioxyde de carbone (CO2) est fortement envisagée. De plus en plus d'intérêt est porté sur la valorisation de CO2 au lieu de son stockage simple. Ainsi, ce projet de thèse s'est focalisé sur l'utilisation de polyoxométallates (POMs) et plus particulièrement ceux substitués par des métaux de transition (TMS-POMs), pour la valorisation de CO2 via son électroréduction. Cette approche permet par la même occasion d'assurer une meilleure gestion de l'énergie électrique. Différentes structures de TMS-POMs ont été préparés, donnant des POM mono et polysubstitués aux métaux de transition simples, ainsi qu'un POM fonctionnalisé par un complexe organométallique actif pour l'électroréduction de CO2. Une approche synthétique originale a permis d'obtenir ce dernier complexe, ouvrant la voie à de nouveaux complexes actifs pour l'électroréduction de CO2. Les propriétés électrochimiques, ainsi que leurs aptitudes à catalyser l'électroréduction de CO2 ont été évaluées en différents milieux réactionnels. Une vue globale sur l'application potentielle de cette classe de complexe a ainsi été adopté, montrant notamment la capacité de ces complexes de mener la réduction à 4 électrons et 4 protons de CO2 en formaldéhyde. / With the recent climate change issues and the recent industrial evolutions, a better management of carbon dioxide (CO2) releases is highly demanded. More and more research is focused on CO2 industrial uses rather than its mere storage. Thus, this PhD project deals with the use of polyoxometalates (POMs), especially transition metals substituted ones (TMS-POMs), for CO2 conversion through its électroréduction. This approach allows both a better electrical power and CO2 release management. Different TMS-POMs structures were prepared, yielding mono and polysubstituted POM with simple transition metal and also functionalized ones with active organometallic complex for CO2 électroréduction. An original synthetic approach allowed us to achieve this late functionalization, opening the way for new catalysts for CO2 conversion. Theirs electrochemical properties, as well as their ability to catalyze CO2 électroréduction were investigated in different reaction media. An overview on the potential application of this complex class has been adopted. Noticeably, it highlighted the ability of these complexes to carry out the 4-electrons and 4-protons reduction of CO2 to formaldehyde.

L'objet de ce travail est l’étude des propriétés de stabilité et de robustesse des systèmes non-linéaires via des méthodes basées sur l'homogénéité. Dans un premier temps, nous rappelons le contexte usuel des systèmes homogènes ainsi que leurs caractéristiques principales. La suite du travail porte sur l'extension de l'homogénéisation des systèmes non-linéaires, déjà proposée dans le cadre de l'homogénéité à poids, au cadre plus général de l'homogénéité géométrique. Les principaux résultats d'approximation sont étendus. Nous développons ensuite un cadre théorique pour définir l'homogénéité de systèmes discontinus et/ou donnés par des inclusions différentielles. Nous montrons que les propriétés bien connues des systèmes homogènes restent vérifiées dans ce contexte. Ce travail se poursuit par l'étude de la robustesse des systèmes homogènes ou homogénéisables. Nous montrons que sous des hypothèses peu restrictives, ces systèmes sont input-to-state stable. Enfin, la dernière partie de ce travail consiste en l'étude du cas particulier du double intégrateur. Nous développons pour ce système un retour de sortie qui le stabilise en temps fini, et pour lequel nous prouvons des propriétés de robustesse par rapport à des perturbations ou à la discrétisation en exploitant les résultats développés précédemment. Des simulations viennent compléter l'étude théorique de ce système et illustrer son comportement / The purpose of this work is the study of stability and robustness properties of nonlinear systems using homogeneity-based methods. Firstly, we recall the usual context of homogeneous systems as well as their main features. The sequel of this work extends the homogenization of nonlinear systems, which was already defined in the framework of weighted homogeneity, to the more general setting of the geometric homogeneity. The main approximation results are extended. Then we develop a theoretical framework for defining homogeneity of discontinuous systems and/or systems given by a differential inclusion. We show that the well-known properties of homogeneous systems persist in this context. This work is continued by a study of the robustness properties of homogeneous or homogenizable systems. We show that under mild assumptions, these systems are input-to-state stable. Finally, the last part of this work consists in the study of the example of the double integrator system. We synthesize a finite-time stabilizing output feedback, which is shown to be robust with respect to perturbations or discretization by using techniques developed before. Simulations conclude the theoretical study of this system and illustrate its behavior

L'objectif de ce travail de thèse concerne l'étude et la mise en œuvre de deux modèles de cavitation dans le solveur NSMB (Navier-Stokes-Multi-Blocks): les modèles HEM (Homogeneous Equilibrium Model) et une équation pour le taux de vide: le modèle à transport de taux de vide (TTV). Le phénomène de cavitation est modélisé par différentes équations d'état de mélange liquide-vapeur (EOS). Des simulations numériques sont réalisées sur des écoulements diphasiques compressibles unidimensionnels et bidimensionnels avec des conditions d'interface et comparées à des solutions de référence. De plus, la méthode TTV basée sur le taux de vide incluant les termes source pour la vaporisation et la condensation dans le logiciel libre open source OpenFOAM est également présentée sur la géométrie Venturi pour capturer le phénomène du jet réentrant. La modélisation de la turbulence joue un rôle majeur dans la capture des comportements instationnaires et un limiteur est introduit pour réduire la viscosité turbulente afin de mieux prédire la structure à deux phases. Une comparaison de divers modèles de cavitation couplés avec des modèles de turbulence est étudiée. Les résultats computationnels sont comparés aux données expérimentales existantes. / The objective of this thesis work concerns the study and implement of two cavitation models in the NSMB (Navier-Stokes-Multi-Blocks) flow solver: the Homogeneous Equilibrium Models (HEM) and a void ratio Transport-based Equation Model (TEM). The cavitation phenomenon is modeled by different liquid-vapor mixture equation of state (EOS). Numerical simulation are performed on some one- and two-dimensional compressible two-phase flows with interface conditions and compared with reference solutions. Moreover, The TEM based method for the void ratio including the source terms for vaporization and condensation in the free, open source software OpenFOAM is also presented on the Venturi geometry to capture the re-entrant jet phenomenon. The turbulence modeling plays a major role in the capture of unsteady behaviors and a limiter is introduced to reduce the eddy-viscosity to better predict the two-phase structure. A comparison of various cavitation models coupled with turbulence models are investigated. Computational results are compared with existing experimental data.

The development of procedures for the synthesis of valuable organic molecules constitutes an important part of chemistry. The goal of improving the efficiency of existing methodologies can be fulfilled by use of metal catalysts. Recent developments in the field of homogeneous gold catalysis have contributed to these efforts and continued investigations assure future innovations. Chapter 1 summarises the properties of gold and ligand-supported gold(I) complexes and demonstrates how a detailed understanding of its reactivity and possible bonding interactions with various substrates facilitates the development of well-defined catalytic systems. Particular attention is given to N-heterocyclic carbenes, highly tunable ligands that stabilise a wide range of different transition metal complexes. Three chapters describe syntheses and studies of known and new complexes. Chapter 2 discusses expedient syntheses of key NHC-gold(I) complexes and catalysts. Chapter 3 constitutes studies to the behaviour of the commonly used tetrafluoroborate counterion in a particular IPrCl -gold(I) complex. Chapter 4 de- scribes the synthesis of a range of IPr-gold(I) carbanion complexes from the widely studied IPr-gold(I) hydroxide synthon, the study of their properties and exploration of their reactivity. Catalytic applications in transformations of alkynes and alcohols are described in the last three chapters. Chapter 5 details the development of efficient NHC-gold(I)-catalysed procedures for the synthesis of vinyl ethers through addition reactions of aliphatic and benzylic alcohols to alkynes. Benzylic alcohols were found to undergo gold-catalysed dehydration under specific conditions and Chapter 6 discloses the NHC-gold(I)-catalysed dehydrative formation of ethers from phenols and benzylic alcohols. Appendix A describes preliminary explorations to the complimentary use of Brønsted acidic compounds as catalysts for the formation of products with new C – C bonds from benzylic alcohols and phenols.