This diploma thesis provides information about the Union Catalogue of the Czech Republic (SK ČR) and its new tasks related to Conception of development of libraries during the years 2011-2015. The aim is to show basic sets of problems, their analysis and some variants of their solutions, compared to other foreign union catalogues. The first and second part of the thesis deals with foreign union catalogues - British example of heterogeneous environment Copac: National, Academic and Specialist Catalogue, and Slovak example of homogeneous environment KIS3G, their analysis and development from the beginning to the present, current status and future plans. The third part describes SK ČR, including semi-structured interview with head of the Union Catalogues Department of the National Library, PhDr. Eva Svobodová and findings from SK ČR workgroup meeting. The final part presents the summary and comparison of the three union catalogues.

The structural Ramsey theory is a field on the boundary of combinatorics and model theory with deep connections to topological dynamics. Most of the known Ramsey classes in finite binary symmetric relational language can be shown to be Ramsey by utilizing a variant of the shortest path completion (e.g. Sauer's S-metric spaces, Conant's generalised metric spaces, Braunfeld's Λ-ultrametric spaces or Cherlin's metrically homogeneous graphs). In this thesis we explore the limits of the shortest path completion. We offer a unifying framework - semigroup-valued metric spaces - for all the aforementioned Ramsey classes and study their Ramsey expansions and EPPA (the extension property for partial automorphisms). Our results can be seen as evidence for the importance of studying the completion problem for amalgamation classes and have some further applications (such as the stationary independence relation). As a corollary of our general theorems, we reprove results of Hubička and Nešetřil on Sauer's S-metric spaces, results of Hubička, Nešetřil and the author on Conant's generalised metric spaces, Braunfeld's results on Λ-ultrametric spaces and the results of Aranda et al. on Cherlin's primitive 3-constrained metrically homogeneous graphs. We also solve several open problems such as EPPA for Λ-ultrametric...

Syfte – Denna studie undersöker hur verksamma lärare i årskurs 1–3 undervisar i religionskunskap om världsreligionerna, kristendom, islam och judendom i mångkulturella och homogena klasser i svenska skolor. Syftet med studien är att undersöka om det finns skillnader i undervisningen mellan de två olika elevgrupperna, samt vilka faktorer som påverkar lärares val av undervisningsinnehåll. Ur ett lärarperspektiv ska denna studie dessutom öka insikten över hur lärare påverkas och utformar sin världsreligionsundervisning utifrån olika elevsammansättningar. Metod och teori– Undersökningen genomfördes med hjälp av en webbenkät som innehöll 26 frågor med varierande svarsalternativ. Enkäten består av två delar, bakgrundsfrågor samt frågor om religionsundervisningen och besvarades av 103 respondenter. Den insamlade empirin undersöks utifrån ramfaktorteorin. Resultat – De huvudsakliga resultaten visar att skillnaden mellan mångkulturella och homogena elevgrupper är liten. Det finns dock en skillnad i hur mycket uppmärksamhet högtiderna gavs i de olika religionerna mellan elevgrupperna. Läroplanen anses vara den faktorn som styr religionsundervisningen i högsta grad då resultatet visar att lärarna utgår från den när de planerar sin undervisning. Avslutningsvis diskuteras resultatet i relation till den tidigare forskningen och ramfaktorteorin. / Purpose – This study examines how active teachers in grades 1-3 teach religious studies about world religions, Christianity, Islam and Judaism, in multicultural and homogeneous classes in Swedish schools. The purpose of the study is to examine whether there are differences in teaching between the two different groups of students, as well as the factors influencing choice of teaching content.  From a teacher's perspective, this study will also increase insight into how teachers are affected and thereby designing their world religious teaching based on different student compositions. Method and theory– The survey was conducted using an online survey that includes 26 questions with varying response options. The survey consists of two parts: background questions; and questions about religious education and was answered by 103 respondents. The collected empirics is analyzed based on the framework factor theory. Results – The main results show that the difference between multicultural and homogeneous groups of pupils is insignificant. However, there was a difference in how much attention the religious holidays were given in the different religions between the student groups. The curriculum is considered to be the factor that governs religious education to the highest degree as the results show that teachers start from it when planning their teaching. Finally, the results are discussed in relation to the previous research and framework factor theory.

The relative advantages or disadvantages associated with the practice of grouping school children according to ability level has long been the subject of considerable discussion among educators. The general tendency has been for educators to divide into two camps: Those who expound the various merits of homogeneous grouping, and those who favor and support heterogeneous grouping practices, Less common, but acknowledged, are those educators who favor a combination of the two methods. Research dealing with the relative value of either method has usually been concerned with only one aspect of the problem--that of academic achievement. However, the.efforts of several investigators (Luchins and Luchins, 1948; Mathias, 1959; Tonsor, 1953) have suggested that different grouping practices may have differential effects upon the social adjustment and personality development of the pupil as well. As the total development of the child is of primary importance in the educational process, an investigation of the differential effects inherent in either of these methods of grouping would seem to be of value.

This Thesis describes the synthesis, reactivity, coordination properties, and catalytic activity of novel electronically dissymmetric bisphosphines structurally related to 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf). First, a methylene spaced congener containing a primary phosphine group, which is stable in the air, Ph2PfcCH2PH2 (fc = ferrocene-1,1'-diyl), was prepared. While studying its reactivity, an unprecedented stable primary phosphine oxide, Ph2PfcCH2P(O)H2, was isolated. The primary phosphine, the corresponding phosphine oxide, dppf and the known bis-tertiary phosphine Ph2PfcCH2PPh2 were studied as ligands in Ru(II) complexes. The catalytic activity of the defined complexes was compared in two ruthenium-catalyzed reactions: cyclization of (Z)-3-methylpent-2-en-4-yn-1-ol into 2,3-dimethylfuran and isomerization of estragole to anethole. Second, the remarkable stability of the prepared primary phosphine oxide called for a detailed investigation of this poorly described class of compounds. As a result, stable primary phosphine chalcogenides lacking steric protection FcCH2P(Y)H2 (Fc = ferrocenyl; Y = O, S, Se) were isolated for the first time. These compounds were studied as ligands in reactions with hard and soft Lewis acids (Zn(II) and Ru(II)), and the reactivity of the P-H hydrogens was...

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The aim of this thesis is to investigate the tensor decomposition of structured tensors related to SL(n)-irreducible representations. Structured tensors are multilinear objects satisfying specific symmetry relations and their decompositions are of great interest in the applications. In this thesis we look for the decompositions of tensors belonging to irreducible representations of SL(n) into sum of elementary objects associated to points of SL(n)-rational hoogeneous varieties. This family includes Veronese varieties (symmetric tensors), Grassmann varieties (skew-symmetric tensors), and flag varieties. A classic tool to study the decomposition of symmetric tensors is the apolarity theory, which dates back to Sylvester. An analogous skew-symmetric apolarity theory for skew-symmetric tensors have been developed only few years ago. In this thesis we describe a global apolarity theory called Schur apolarity theory, which is suitable for tensors belonging to any irreducible representation of SL(n). Examples, properties and applications of such apolarity are studied with details and original results both in algebra and geoemtry are provided.

In light of the exponential growth of the nicotine pouch industry, major tobacco-industry players have shown increasing interest in newer nicotine and tobacco products, despite the lack of discernible differences them. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the differentiation strategies of companies within the Swedish nicotine pouch market, and further, the long-term competitiveness of these strategies. The study has applied an abductive and qualitative method to interpret non-numerical data of 14 companies through a document analysis, complemented by two semi-structured interviews. Empirical findings have been analysed using a conceptual model based on previous theories and research on product differentiation. The thesis identified five traditional, alongside three industry-specific modes of differentiation apparent within the market. Primarily, companies differentiate through branding and marketing, adaptiveness, health advocacy and sustainable branding. Interestingly, besides flavour innovation, technology and innovation-driven differentiation is less common within the industry. Most strategies identified within the market are, however, easily imitable, and therefore not competitive long- term. Ultimately, findings suggest the industry is at a crossroads: Consumers currently hold a significant amount of power with a variety of options and little to nothing swaying them in one direction or the other.

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