Dans un contexte biophysique caractérisé par d’importants changements socio-environnementaux,l’objectif principal de la thèse vise à comprendre dans quelle mesure les pratiques agropastorales modulent dans l’espace et dans le temps la vulnérabilité et l’adaptabilité des agro-écosystèmes et des sociétés agropastorales du Sahel. Afin d’atteindre le but visé, cette problématique a été envisagée à l’échelle macro-régionale, celle du Sahel,en s’appuyant sur trois sites d’étude micro-régionaux à savoir le Ferlo (Sénégal) ; le Gourma (Mali) et le Fakara (Niger) au sein desquels les perceptions et les représentations des sociétés ont été étudiées dans un échantillon de villages et de campements.La méthode d’analyse élaborée comporte deux volets :1) un travail de cartographie par télédétection basé sur le traitement d’images satellites, et 2) des analyses géo-textuelles basées sur la lexicométrie à partir d’entretiens semi-directifs. La cartographie par télédétection a permis d’établir un diagnostic aux échelles micro-régionales et locales sur l’évolution du couvert végétal depuis les années 70 jusqu’en 2010. Du diagnostic tiré d’une approche multiscalaire, il ressort des contrastes intra et inter régionaux dans l’évolution de la couverture du sol par la végétation qui invitent à nuancer les observations faisant état d’un reverdissement du Sahel. L’articulation de la télédétection avec les enquêtes de terrain a permis d’appréhender l’évolution des ressources végétales d’une part, et d’autre part d’examiner la diversité des réponses données par les sociétés rurales du Sahel à la crise climatique des années 70 et 80, et aux évolutions socio-économiques récentes qu’ont connu leur pays et leur région. A travers la lexicométrie, des analyses géo-textuelles basées sur les entretiens semi-directifs ont permis d’approcher les perceptions des agropasteurs au sujet de la vulnérabilité et de la résilience des ressources naturelles. A la lumière des perceptions exprimées, les pratiques adaptatives ont été appréhendées dans leur variété. Il en ressort des reconfigurations socio-spatiales dans les trajectoires des activités agricoles et pastorales qui expliquent en partie les contrastes intra et inter régions observés entre le Ferlo, le Gourma et le Fakara. / In a biophysical context characterized by important socioenvironmental changes, the main objective of this PhD is to understand how much agropastoral practices modulatein space and time the vulnerability and adaptability of agroecosystems and sahelians agropastoral societies. To reach this target, this question has been applied at macro-regional scale, relying on three micro-regional study areas: Ferlo (Senegal); Gourma (Mali) and Fakara (Niger) in which perceptions and representations of societies have been studied in a sample of villages and camps. The method developed in this PhD has two components: 1) remote sensing mapping based on satellite image processing, and 2) geo-textual analyses based on lexicometry from semi-structured interviews. The remote sensing mapping allowed to diagnose micro-regional and local scales on land cover change since the 70s until 2010. The diagnosis, based on a multiscale approach, shows intra and inter regional contrasts in the evolution of soil cover by vegetation that invite to nuance observations indicating a greening of Sahel. The articulation of remote sensing with field investigations helped to understand, first the evolution of plant resources, then to consider the variety of responses from the Sahel rural societies to the 70’s and 80’s climate crisis, and to the recent socio-economic changes experienced by sahelian countries. Through lexicometry, geo-textual analysis based on semi-structured interviews allowed to approach the livestock farmer’s perception about the vulnerability and resilience of natural resources. Thanks to the expressed perceptions, the adaptive practices were identified in their variety. It enabled to show the sociospatial reconfigurations in the trajectories of agricultural and pastoral activities that partly explain the contrasts within and between regions observed in Ferlo, Gourma and Fakara.

L’actualité est occupée par la question des catastrophes. Qu’il s’agisse de cataclysmes naturels, de massacres humains ou d’attentats terroristes, ces désastres interrogent directement notre capacité à y faire face et à y répondre, aussi bien individuellement que collectivement. Dans ce contexte, la notion de trauma et plus encore l’idée de « résilience » demandent à être complétées et élargies, voire dépassées. La catastrophe correspond à une rupture de la continuité existentielle de personnes, de familles et de communautés. Plus qu’une somme de deuils et de traumatismes, elle engendre un véritable bouleversement entraînant la désubjectivation de celles et de ceux qui y sont confrontés ou qui en sont les témoins. A la suite d’une telle expérience du ravage et du chaos, quelles sont les possibilités de resubjectivation pour l’individu ? Quelles pourraient être les formes de « résilience collective », entendue comme un ensemble de processus à inventer ensemble, notamment grâce à la mémoire et à la solidarité ? / Our present time is engrossed with the question of disasters. Whether natural disasters, human slaughters or terrorist attacks, such disasters challenge our ability both to confront, and respond to, them, both individually and collectively. In this context, the notion of trauma and, still more, the idea of "resilience" need to be supplemented and expanded, or even superseded. The disaster corresponds to a rupture of existential continuity for individuals, families, and communities. More than an amount of grief and trauma, it brings about a real overthrow leading to the desubjectivation of those facing it or those who were witnesses. After such an experience of the chaos, what are the possibilities of resubjectivation for the individual? What could be the forms of "collective resilience", considered as a set of processes to invent together, particularly through memory and solidarity?

This conceptual article has 2 major goals. The first goal is to explain the benefits of conducting comprehensive studies of resilience for adults who have a stigmatizing condition or who have a family member or close friend with a stigmatizing condition. The second goal is to propose a model that illuminates how 3 perceptual components of self-stigmatization (concordant/discordant views of self, balance of power, and social distance) mediate the change toward resilience on an ongoing basis in varying social contexts through the development of competence, compassion for others, and self-compassion. Competence, compassion for others, and compassion for self potentially moderate the harmful effects of self-stigmatization, fit with the overarching themes required for resilience and self-determination, and underscore the critical need to implement and sustain widespread changes in communities, society, and culture.

Yes / The Helpdesk was requested by Sida in July 2015 to undertake a desk study and mapping exercise to feed in relevant and updated information related to policy frameworks, ongoing programming, and future initiatives currently discussed to better inform Sida’s planned and on-going resilience focus. Sida requested that the study should pay particular attention to regional initiatives (including for example relevant IGAD initiatives), but should also include a mapping of relevant policy platforms, as well as planned and on-going programmes relevant for the Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia and South Sudan country contexts.

Background: During the Covid-19 pandemic, the event industry was one of the most economically affected industries in Sweden. Hence event companies that operated during the pandemic saw tremendous challenges in order to survive, which this research will elaborate further. The VUCA acronym environmental descriptions will be introduced along with how one can cope with those different environmental descriptions that are going to be addressed through the use of resilience. How they managed to cope with the Covid-19 pandemic while having intermittent revenue streams, will be described in this article.  Aim: The aim of this thesis is to understand how project-oriented organizations with intermittent revenue streams in the Swedish event industry have coped with the Covid-19 pandemic and how resilience is achieved with the help of capabilities in the different environments of VUCA.  Methodology: The primary method used was qualitative research of three companies within the event industry, to see how they were affected by the pandemic and what they did to cope with it. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with the CEOs of two companies and the COO of the third company.  Findings: Companies that perceive themselves to be in a volatile environment need to have resilience that makes them anticipatory, adaptive and prepared to the externalities in the environment, to make them able to cope with it. Although not all companies in a volatile environment managed that in this research hence were less able to cope than others. Also, companies that are operating in an uncertain environment need to have responsive resilience which, in this research, the company was successful with. Another important factor to be able to cope with Covid-19 was networks, in other words, social capital. Which was a newly introduced concept to the study, once it was brought up during the interviews.

Distributed Systems (DS) where multiple computers share a workload across a network, are used everywhere, from data intensive computations to storage and machine learning. DS provide a relatively cheap and efficient solution that allows stability with improved performance for computational intensive applications. In a DS faults and failures are the norm not the exception. At any moment data corruption can occur especially since a DS usually consists of hundred to thousands of units of commodity hardware. The large number and quality of components guarantees, by probability, that at any given time some of the components will not be working and some of them will not recover from failure. DS can experience problems caused by application bugs, operating systems bugs, failures with disks, memory, connectors, networking, power supply, and other components; therefore, constant monitoring and failure detection are fundamental. Automatic recovery must be integral to the system. One of the most commonly used programming languages for DS is Message Passing Interface (MPI). Unfortunately MPI does not support fault detection or recovery. In this thesis, we build a recovery mechanism based on replicas that works on top of the asynchronous fault detection implemented in previous work. Results shows that our recovery implementation is successful and the overhead in execution time is minimal.

In the era of the Anthropocene, cities are facing significant social, economic and environmental changes that, unlike previous historical periods, are occurring extremely rapidly. The acronym b.e.t. - included in the title - refers to the word bet, whose definition is closely linked to the concepts of unpredictability and risk. But the word bet also refers to the notion of opportunity understood positively as the possibility of success. The challenge that the cities of the 21st century have to face concerns the overcoming of the limits and rigidities of the current urban planning, which seems inadequate to manage the new dynamics in action. The term resilience has been introduced in the lexicon of urban planning and architecture to support a new approach to the management of the contemporary city, capable of implementing the attributes of diversity, variability and redundancy of the urban system. The structure of this research wants to retrace the holistic nature of the theme and is proposed as a mosaic of projects, tools and strategies that have the potential to assemble each time in a different way. The objective is to emphasize the importance of triggering in the urban system a plurality of actions, capable of acting simultaneously on multiple levels to ensure processes suitable for change and multifunctional. This research does not intend to trace a defined path, the assumptions of flexibility and adaptability related to the definition of resilience do not allow to define a new urban planning technique based on a model to be followed for the management of the territory, but proposes an open framework of possibilities to guide the cities towards the ecological transition and make them increasingly livable, comfortable, happy, vibrant and beautiful.

This research examines the healthcare services ecosystem and the impact and role service interventions made by providers and patients have on this ecosystem. Each area has an important role in contributing to the value and sustainability of the ecosystem. Healthcare, as a community service, requires a minimum of two counterparts: the providers and the customers, in this case the patients. Healthcare is a unique ecosystem because often the customers are not conscious of the interplay of the ecosystem but are reliant upon the system for their health and wellbeing. The first section of this dissertation examines the effects that occur in the healthcare ecosystem when part of the system experiences a disaster and the impact and role of other areas of the system in response to the disaster, particularly regarding the resilience. Similar to a biological ecosystem that is undergoing a flood, in the healthcare services ecosystem if too many patients present to the Emergency Department (ED) at the same time disaster level overcrowding will occur. We aim to measure the resilience of the healthcare ecosystem to this disaster level overcrowding. The second section of this dissertation examines how the components of the healthcare ecosystem maintain sustainability and usability. Healthcare professionals are assessed regarding their ability to maintain the healthcare ecosystem, with a specific focus on what occurs after patients are in the hospital system. To examine the ability of the healthcare professionals to maintain the ecosystem we analyze the usability and adaptability of the electronic health record and the professional's workflows to determine how they use this tool to sustain the healthcare ecosystem. The third section of this dissertation examines patient self-management and the influence this has on the healthcare ecosystem. Much of the management of health in patients, particularly those with chronic illnesses, occurs outside of the hospital, thus examining this aspect of self-care provides insight on the overall system. This research examines patients with a chronic illness and their use of online health communities, with a particular focus on their reciprocal behaviors and the impact this support system has on their overall health state. By examining these aspects of the healthcare services ecosystem, we can better improve our understanding of these phenomena. / Ph. D. / This dissertation examines healthcare as an ecosystem to discover how various aspects interact with each other. The first section looks at emergency department overcrowding to examine the resilience to determine the causative and mitigating factors. The second section examines the electronic medical record for usability and determines the most impactful factors for healthcare workers. The third section examines online health communities with consideration of reciprocal behaviors and their impact on users’ health. Consideration of the healthcare ecosystem and the broad applicability of this topic provides researchers with an overarching framework for future work.

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Master of Landscape Architecture / Department of Landscape Architecture, Regional and Community Planning / Blake Belanger / Landscape architects are challenged with finding appropriate solutions to adequately address the dynamic nature of urban environments. In the 1970's C.S. Holling began to develop resilience theory, which is intended to provide a holistic understanding of the way socio-ecological systems change and interact across scales. Resilience theory addresses the challenges and complexities of contemporary urban environments and can serve as a theoretical basis for engaging urban design practice. To test the validity of resilience theory as a theoretical basis for urban design, this thesis is an exploration of the addition of resilience theory to current landscape architecture literature and theory through a three-part methodology: a literature review that spans a breadth of research, case study analyses, and an application of resilience theory through a design framework in two projective design experiments. The resilience framework bridges between complex theory and design goals/strategies in a holistic approach. Through the identification of key connections in the reviewed literature that situate the relevance of resilience theory to landscape architecture and the subsequent case study analysis, specific methods for applying resilience theory to urban design practice are defined within the proposed framework. These methods fit within five main categories: identify and respond to thresholds, promote diversity, develop redundancies, create multi-scale networks and connectivity, and implement adaptive planning/management/design practices. The framework is validated by the success of the projective design application in the winning 2013 ULI/Hines Urban Design Competition entry, The Armory. Resilience theory and the proposed design framework have the potential to continue to advance the prominence of landscape architecture as the primary leader in urban design practice.