The Mimulus washingtonensis complex is a group of morphologically similar species centered in the Pacific Northwest. All are rare, and most are under consideration for listing as endangered. Morphometric and pollination data were used in developing a revised taxonomy for the group. Five species and two varieties are recognized. Mimulus pulsiferae Gray is the most widespread, occurring from southern Washington to northern California. Mimulus hymenophyllus Meinke and M. jungermannioides Suksd. are cliff species endemic to river drainages in northern Oregon. Mimulus washingtonensis Gand. occurs in east-central Oregon and western Idaho, represented by the var. washingtonensis and var. ampliatus (Grant) Meinke comb. et stat. nov., respectively. Mimulus patulus Pennell is resurrected from synonymy and differentiated from M. washingtonensis on the basis of morphology, distribution, and pollination biology. This autogamous species includes var. patulus, occurring in the Snake River drainage, and var. montanus Meinke var. nov., primarily from the northern Rocky Mountains. Mimulus evanescens Meinke sp. nov. is described from an extant population in Lassen County, California, and historic collections from widely scattered stations in Oregon and Idaho. The new species is morphologically intermediate between M. breviflorus Piper and M. latidens (Gray) Greene. Calyx and leaf morphology also suggest an affinity to M. grayi Grant, M. inconspicuus Gray, and M. acutidens Greene, of cismontane California. Mimulus evanescens should be considered critically endangered, because of its limited numbers and habitat degradation. Mimulus washingtonensis is pollinated by small native bees, primarily two species of Dialictus (Halictidae). These bees were specific to Mimulus flowers but did not distinguish between flowers of M. washingtonensis and M. guttatus DC., a related species that increases with habitat disturbance. Experiments showed that mixed pollen loads diminish seed set in M. washingtonensis, since the thigmotropic stigma of that species closes permanently after any amount of conspecific pollen is applied. Although M. washingtonensis has a low pollen/ovule ratio (29.9), it is considered facultatively xenogamous based on floral morphology, stigma sensitivity, and autogamous seed set levels. Populations occurred in small, edaphically restricted patches, and they exhibited seed set reductions related to outcrossing distance. Substrate disturbance may limit reproduction in M. washingtonensis by changing population structure, threatening pollinators, and increasing competition for pollination by promoting growth and flowering of M. guttatus. / Graduation date: 1992

Published literature about six Pacific Northwest stream systems was contrasted to provide a regional perspective on channel response to disturbance. This investigation was prompted by a combination of recent environmental legislation, mounting social pressures to plan projects at a drainage basin scale, and the difficulty in defining and predicting the response and recovery of a stream channel to land-use management or storm events. Detailed studies of Redwood Creek, CA; the San Lorenzo River, CA; the South Fork Salmon River, ID; the Upper Middle Fork of the Willamette River, OR; the Alsea River System, OR; and Carnation Creek, B.C. were reviewed and contrasted. Differences in channel response to disturbance appear to be the result of the sequence of storms, the interactions between storms and land-use, the processes that deliver sediment to the channel, the available stream power, and the bank stability. Basins with low debris avalanche and earthflow potential, high stream power, and stable stream banks experience only localized and short-lived response to disturbance. On the other hand, basins with frequent debris avalanches or high earthflow potential and unstable banks experience widespread and persistent response. This study concludes that there must be realization and acceptance of the random nature of channel response and recovery following disturbance. Field evaluation, professional judgement, risk assessment, and adaptive management are the most powerful tools available in the prediction of channel response. / Graduation date: 1993

The effects of early season and late season drought stress on various carbohydrates, calcium and/or nitrogen content at apical, central and basal tuber locations were studied for Russet Burbank and A082260-8 potatoes. Drought stress which occurred early in the stage of tuber development appeared to have more detrimental effect than later season stress. Interactions between treatment and sampling date and variety x position x date were significant during early season stress. Generally, percent total solids increased during potato development for both varieties. The central portion of tuber had the lowest total solids. Total reducing sugar content generally decreased during potato development for both varieties with significant (P<.05) differences at early season stress due to the interaction effects of treatment x date and variety x position. No significant difference in reducing sugar at later season stress was found regardless of treatment. Variety difference in reducing sugar content occurred at the apical end. Russet Burbank had more reducing sugars than A082260-8 at this end. The exploration of fructose, glucose and sucrose individually showed the same developing pattern as total reducing sugar. Sucrose made up over 50% of the total sugars with glucose and fructose the next in order of importance. The apical end had more sucrose and glucose than the basal end. The interaction of variety and position for both nitrogen and dietary fiber may be a result of growth pattern differences in the two treatments. Total dietary fiber content was generally the highest at the basal portion for both varieties. Russet Burbank appeared to have higher total dietary fiber than A082260-8 at this end. The level of calcium in Russet Burbank was significantly higher than that in A082260-8. Basal and apical portions had higher calcium content than the central portion. / Graduation date: 1990

Graduation date: 1997

xii, 121 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / Although women continue to make significant advancements in the workforce, there is still progress to be made to overcome biases and systems of exclusion. Since women play an increasing and influential role in the administration and leadership of higher education institutions, understanding their unique contributions is critical. In this study, qualitative methods were used to gather data on common characteristics of women leaders in higher education administration. Data were gathered from interviews with twenty women working in a cross section of professional positions at four comprehensive public universities in the Pacific Northwest. Results showed that the participants used collaboration, communication, and information sharing and addressed conflict to build relationships, establish trust, and inspire a shared vision. Most of the participants in this study indicated that they were rewarded, recognized, and supported in their positions; however, some indicated that discrimination still occurs based upon gender. / Committee in Charge: Jean Stockard, Chair; Jessica Greene; Surendra Subramani

In recent years we have seen increasing debate over the allocation of PNW water resources. In particular there are conflicts over using the river system for irrigation vs. electricity production. Denying the hydroelectric system water implies higher costs to electricity consumers as producers substitute more expensive nonhydro resources. This research looked at the impact of new irrigation on PNW electricity consumers. This was done under varying assumptions of demand response and farmer payments for pumping of irrigation water. The study also examined the difference between the current policy of allowing farmers to take all the water they need, and a policy in which withdrawals are limited in periods of low streamflow. Simulations were run to determine the amount of electricity production lost because of withdrawals. These results were then used in a series of simulations to estimate the economic impacts under the various assumptions and policies. It was found that irrigation caused losses to electricity consumers. In some cases this loss was on the order of $200/acre of irrigated land. The loss was significantly mitigated under the interruptible policy. Farmer payments for irrigation energy also reduced the loss to consumers. / Graduation date: 1985

A net shift analysis was used to analyze growth in employment and value added from 1954 to 1982 in SIC 2037, Frozen Fruits, Fruit Juices, and Vegetables. This analysis indicated that the Pacific Northwest dominated the growth experienced in this sector over this time period. Oregon's share of total U.S. employment in SIC 2037 increased from 7.3 percent in 1954 to 16.1 percent in 1982. Value added in Oregon was 16.1 percent of the U.S. total in 1982, and growth in both employment and value added was at a greater rate than the overall U.S. rate of growth in this sector. Washington's share of employment increased from 10.3 percent to 13 percent, and the share of U.S. total value added in this sector grew from 11 percent to 14.2 percent. Value added by the freezing of fruits and vegetables in Idaho increased to 10.3 percent of the U.S. total in 1982, and employment grew to a share of 10.5 percent, from 3.5 percent in 1954. An informal survey of executives in six food processing plants in Oregon suggested that expanding international export markets was essential to continued growth for this industry in the Pacific Northwest. A model of Japan's import demand of frozen vegetable products, specifically corn and potatoes, is estimated using data from 1978 through 1986 of real own price at the export site, Japanese consumer expenditures adjusted by Japan's CPI, and Japan's domestic production of frozen corn and potatoes. Commerce Department data on exports by Customs District was used to disaggregate import demand by region; namely Oregon, Washington, the two together as Pacific Northwest, and the total U.S. It was found that the demand for frozen corn imports is more responsive to changes in real own price than the import demand for frozen potatoes. Income elasticities were positive and higher for frozen potato import demand than for frozen corn demand, except for Oregon originating exports. Production in Japan of frozen corn has a higher negative impact on exports from Oregon ports than Washington based exports. Production of frozen potatoes in Japan did not have a negative impact on import demand from any of the four export sites. / Graduation date: 1989

This study explored how students navigate the technological landscape of a public, land-grant institution. Through online surveys and semi-structured, one-on-one interviews, the study operated through an anticipatory/participatory lens to research with the intent of understanding students' experiences with technology at a research institution. Using this methodology and Triandis and Triandis' (1960) Theory of Social Distance and Sanford's (1969) Theory of Challenge and Support as theoretical support, the study identified five themes regarding students' experiences with technology: (a) differences in students' perceived levels of technological fluency (b) institutional expectations of students' technological fluency, (c) variance in institutional training on educational technologies, (d) importance of personal computer ownership and Internet access, and (e) understanding individual technological needs. Coupled with the methodology, these findings serve to proffer institutional awareness and understanding of students' experiences of an institution's technological landscape. / Graduation date: 2012

The "old-growth controversy" in the Pacific Northwest recognized thinning as the primary silvicultural practice for land managers to produce wildlife habitat while continuing to produce timber. For the foreseeable future, forest stands will be harvested to produce forest gaps and a patchwork of trees of different ages. In order to evaluate the effect of thinning on biodiversity, nine 15-year-old harvests of this type (age=70 years) were paired with adjacent old-growth and even-aged, unthinned "pole" stands. Since soil is the crucible of terrestrial biodiversity, it is critical to contrast the effects upon the forest floor of this future practice with current management. Soil and litter fauna were monitored along 250 meter transects (pitfall and Berlese sampling at ten-meter intervals) to meet the following objectives: 1) to determine biological diversity on public lands, per federal mandate, and use diversity as a management tool; 2) compare levels of biodiversity between three management strategies; 3) determine best methods to assay arthropod diversity; and 4) identify structural and environmental determinants of arthropod diversity and abundance. The study's hypotheses were: 1) old-growth forests will have greater arthropod diversity than thinned stands; 2) thinned stands will have greater arthropod diversity than unthinned stands; and 3) species found within old-growth stands, but not within unthinned pole stands, will also be found in thinned stands. This study contrasted nine Western Hemlock/Douglas-fir sites each with contrasting old-growth, thinned and unthinned pole management stands. Sites were equally blocked in Southern Oregon, the Coast Range, and the Cascade Mountains. No segment of the arthropod fauna. (i.e., pitfall-trapped epigeic macroarthropods, Berlese-extracted litter-dwelling meso- and microarthropods, or soil-dwelling microarthropods) exhibited a management (treatment) effect throughout the entire region. When the regional blocking was removed, within-region analysis generally revealed that old-growth was most distinct. Old-growth stands had the highest abundance of individuals, but were comprised of the fewest species. Thinned stands were characterized by the highest species richness. Within-region analysis revealed an interaction of management effects and specific locale effects; locale effects dominated for soil microarthropods and epigeic macroarthropods, while management options dominated for litter arthropods. Within the Southern Oregon region, I attempted to correlate arthropod community structure (canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) of within-stand samples) with a suite of soil chemical and microbiological descriptors. Full analysis of twelve variables within one exemplary stand revealed several potential trends (negative: dissolved organic carbon, soil moisture, distance from the beginning of the transect; positive: total CO��� field respiration, mineralizable nitrogen, water-induced respiration, substrate-induced respiration). Relatively shallow slopes and very low r-value coefficients of correlation characterized all statistical tests. Few of the trends apparent at one site were paralleled at more than one other site; at all sites potential correlates had very low r-values. No community revealed separate clouds in CCA analysis, indicating distinct "micro-communities" of arthropods inhabiting distinct micro-habitats. Lack of distinctive species assemblages and lack of correlation with microhabitat variables indicated that arthropods respond on different temporal and/or spatial scales then the microbial-oriented variables, and that each taxon is responding in an individual manner. / Graduation date: 1998

We investigated the root endophytic fungi of lupine using four approaches: (1) occurrence of fungal colonization in field-collected roots; (2) growth response of L. latifolius to inoculation with two types of fungi; (3) structure of root colonizations of Pinus and Lupinus by Phialocephala fortinii, a septate endophytic fungus of lupine; and (4) comparison root morphology, mycorrhizal colonization and natural ¹⁵5N-abundance N₂ fixation of three legumes. In part 1, three species of Lupinus were never observed to have fungal colonization; nine species were colonized by VA mycorrhizal fungi; seven species were colonized by fungi with septate hyphae which often formed intracellular scierotia, here called septate endophytes. In part 2, shoot weight of 16 week old L. latifolius seedlings in the greenhouse was significantly reduced by Glomus spp. in one experiment; p. fortinii significantly increased nodule weight in one experiment and reduced it in the other. In part 3, P. fortinii colonized root epidermal and cortical cells in the root hair zone on ultimate lateral pine roots, as well as cortical and epidermal cells of primary roots of Pinus and Lupinus. Fungal colonization was inter- and intracellular with scierotia forming in cells of both hosts. Labyrinthine tissue, a type of fungal differentiation which occurs in the Hartig net of ectomycorrhizae, formed sporadically on pine roots. In part four, Roots of Lupinus albicaulis cv. hederma had a significantly larger proportion of coarse roots (> 1 mm diameter) and significantly less mycorrhizal colonization than two other legumes, Medicago lupinula and Trifolium hybridum. Estimated aboveground N derived from fixation ranged from 6.1 to 39.9 kg per hectare (average = 22.0 kg/ha) and did not vary significantly among species. / Graduation date: 1992