This diploma thesis deals with evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of cash pooling. The aim of the thesis is to assess profitability of the cash management methods and eventual benefits of involvement of branches of surveyed company in the Group cash pooling. The theoretical part analyzes basic concepts of cash pooling, analytical part contains presentation of the company. Draft part assesses suitability of pooling cash and the feasibility of introducing cash pooling in other branches.

This thesis describes and analyzes the cash pool from the perspective of large companies and corporations. The main aim of this thesis is a description and analysis of cash pooling structures in the company E.ON in the Czech Republic. Based on the analysis benefits of involvement in the cash pooling structures are quantitatively assessed in terms of comparison of interest received / paid under the cash pooling and without the involvement of the cash pooling, the compensation for the interest involving cash pooling, economies of scale involving cash pooling and reduce volatility in cash involving cash pooling. The theoretical part provides a basic summary of the cash pooling. Factors that influence the development of cash pooling structures are primarily legal environment, integrating banking market in the Eurozone and banking structure of ownership. The contribution of this thesis is a summary of information obtained on the cash pooling, which is not fully available in study materials.

Esse trabalho apresenta um estudo comparativo entre métodos simplificados para avaliação da estabilidade de pórticos planos de aço. Aspectos relacionados à classificação das estruturas de aço quanto à deslocabilidade e sistema de contraventamento são apresentados e discutidos. O tradicional procedimento do comprimento efetivo de flambagem, ainda presente em algumas normas, é confrontado com métodos que empregam forças horizontais fictícias para contabilizar os efeitos desestabilizantes, tais como imperfeições geométricas iniciais e tensões residuais. Uma análise numérica avançada via MEF que permite a modelagem explícita dos efeitos que contribuem para a instabilidade de pórticos é empregada como referência na comparação dos resultados. É avaliada a resposta de pilares isolados, edifícios industriais e de múltiplos andares. Os métodos que empregam forças horizontais fictícias foram considerados adequados, pois além de eliminar o cálculo do comprimento efetivo de flambagem, apresentaram resultados mais consistentes em relação à análise avançada. / Two strategies for assessing steel frame stability and beam-column design are studied and compared. Some aspects related to bracing system and sway or non-sway classification are also discussed. The traditional procedure based on effective lengths are compared with some approaches based on notional loads, which propose a set of notional horizontal loads for account stability effects such as initial geometric imperfections and residual stresses. The results are compared with an advanced analysis using FEM, which consists in an explicit modeling of stability effects. Some industrial and multistory frames are studied and the results show that the notional load based procedures are accurate. These procedures are also practical because the need for effective length factors is eliminated.

Cette thèse explore le fonctionnement indexical des pronoms démonstratifs anglais this, that et it d’une part, et des pronoms démonstratifs français, en particulier ça, d’autre part, en vue d’une comparaison entre ces deux systèmes. L’ensemble des phénomènes référentiels et discursifs observés sont ramenés à certaines caractéristiques syntactico-sémantiques propres à chaque démonstratif, alors formalisées dans le cadre de la Grammaire Notionnelle Dépendancielle. Les occurrences de this, that, it et ça analysées étant issues de conversations orales spontanées et enregistrées selon le protocole des projets PAC et PFC, notre étude apporte un questionnement sur les avantages et les limites des grands corpus oraux pour les recherches en linguistique théorique. / This thesis focuses from a comparative perspective on the indexical functioning of both English and French demonstrative pronouns, namely this, that and it on the one hand, and celui-ci/là, ceci, cela and ça on the other – with particular emphasis on the neuter pronoun ça. The overall referential and discursive phenomena which are examined are tied to a number of syntactic and semantic features and representations characterizing each demonstrative item. Our treatment is then formalized within the framework of Notional Dependency Grammar. As all our crucial examples concerning this, that, it and ça are extracted from authentic face to face conversations from the PAC and PFC projects, the present study leads to a discussion of the potential advantages and limits of large spoken corpora for research in theoretical linguistics.

The phenomenon of notional employees has started to occur, since companies are facing an increased challenge to break through the marketing clutter. The phenomenon makes it possible for companies to communicate the increasingly important intangible values of a brand. The purpose with this thesis is to explore and illustrate how organizational core values are communicated through notional employees. The phenomenon of notional employees was researched from both a company and customer perspective, where a multiple case study research was made. Interviews were held with the authors of the notional employees and focus groups were held among consumers. Communication of core values via notional employees follows four steps. First the notional employee and its character is created. This step is followed by communication of core values through the notional employee. Thirdly, the type of values which has been communicated needs to be analyzed. Finally, if true core values are not communicated, communicative adjustments are required. These steps are presented in “The Core Value Communication Wheel”.

<p>The phenomenon of notional employees has started to occur, since companies are facing an increased challenge to break through the marketing clutter. The phenomenon makes it possible for companies to communicate the increasingly important intangible values of a brand.</p><p>The purpose with this thesis is to explore and illustrate how organizational core values are communicated through notional employees.</p><p>The phenomenon of notional employees was researched from both a company and customer perspective, where a multiple case study research was made. Interviews were held with the authors of the notional employees and focus groups were held among consumers.</p><p>Communication of core values via notional employees follows four steps.</p><p>First the notional employee and its character is created. This step is followed by communication of core values through the notional employee. Thirdly, the type of values which has been communicated needs to be analyzed. Finally, if true core values are not communicated, communicative adjustments are required.</p><p>These steps are presented in “The Core Value Communication Wheel”.</p>

Esse trabalho apresenta um estudo comparativo entre métodos simplificados para avaliação da estabilidade de pórticos planos de aço. Aspectos relacionados à classificação das estruturas de aço quanto à deslocabilidade e sistema de contraventamento são apresentados e discutidos. O tradicional procedimento do comprimento efetivo de flambagem, ainda presente em algumas normas, é confrontado com métodos que empregam forças horizontais fictícias para contabilizar os efeitos desestabilizantes, tais como imperfeições geométricas iniciais e tensões residuais. Uma análise numérica avançada via MEF que permite a modelagem explícita dos efeitos que contribuem para a instabilidade de pórticos é empregada como referência na comparação dos resultados. É avaliada a resposta de pilares isolados, edifícios industriais e de múltiplos andares. Os métodos que empregam forças horizontais fictícias foram considerados adequados, pois além de eliminar o cálculo do comprimento efetivo de flambagem, apresentaram resultados mais consistentes em relação à análise avançada. / Two strategies for assessing steel frame stability and beam-column design are studied and compared. Some aspects related to bracing system and sway or non-sway classification are also discussed. The traditional procedure based on effective lengths are compared with some approaches based on notional loads, which propose a set of notional horizontal loads for account stability effects such as initial geometric imperfections and residual stresses. The results are compared with an advanced analysis using FEM, which consists in an explicit modeling of stability effects. Some industrial and multistory frames are studied and the results show that the notional load based procedures are accurate. These procedures are also practical because the need for effective length factors is eliminated.

This thesis concerns the cash pooling sector that concentrates cash of big companies and top corporates and contributes to an effective control of liquidity. The first part completely describes this bank product using mostly technical foreign sources. The second part analyses individual legal and fiscal apects influencing cash pooling in the Czech republic. The last two chapters of my thesis deals with detailed analysis of this sophisticated product by an example of Komercni banka. Implementation of cash pooling from the perspective of the bank, clients portfolio using this product together with comparison of its differents types is studied in this thesis.

Машиностроение наиболее важная отрасль промышленности, обеспечивающая инновационное развитие предприятий народного хозяйства. Однако, машиностроение также нуждается в инновациях. Устаревшие основные производственные фонды (ОПФ), недостаточное финансирование, высокая конкуренция на отечественном и зарубежном рынках, дефицит квалифицированных кадров снижают возможности ускоренного развития предприятий машиностроения. Решению этих проблем может способствовать проведение анализа производственных процессов и экономической ситуации на предприятии и разработка продуктовых, технологических и организационных инноваций. Проект модернизации механообрабатывающего цеха позволит повысить качество производства сменного инструмента, выпускаемых для прокатного стана, что свою очередь позволит на шаропрокатном производстве повысить объемы выпуска и повысить рентабельность продаж. / Mechanical engineering is the most important industry that provides innovative development of enterprises of the national economy. However, engineering also needs innovation. Obsolete fixed production funds (OPF), insufficient financing, high competition in the domestic and foreign markets, a shortage of qualified personnel reduce the opportunities for accelerated development of engineering enterprises. Analysis of production processes and economic situation at the enterprise and development of product, technological and organizational innovations can help to solve these problems. The modernization project of the machining workshop will increase the quality of production of replaceable tools produced for the rolling mill, which in turn will allow at the ball rolling production to increase production volumes and increase the profitability of sales.

A travers l’analyse du fonctionnement de la forme RAZ, qui peut correspondre en russe contemporain soit à un mot autonome, soit à un préfixe, cette thèse se veut une contribution à l’étude de la sémantique des unités polycatégorielles, mais aussi à l’approfondissement des notions d’intensité et de saillance. L’analyse s’appuie sur le modèle général de la construction du sens et de la référence élaboré dans le cadre de la Théorie des Opérations Prédicatives et Enonciatives développée à partir des travaux d’Antoine Culioli et tient compte des conditions discursives (situation, cotexte, contexte) dans lesquelles apparaît RAZ. Elle aboutit à l’élaboration d’une signification invariante pour chacun de ses emplois catégoriels comme mot autonome et comme préfixe. Chaque invariant est défini non comme une valeur abstraite ou une valeur prototypique, mais comme un schéma qui indique le rôle spécifique joué par RAZ dans les interactions avec son cotexte. Les invariants proposés sont élaborés sur des critères distributionnels et formels précis, tels que la sémantique catégorielle de RAZ, sa fonction syntaxique, la nature et la fonction syntaxique de sa portée. On démontre que malgré l’existence de deux étymons à la sémantique différente, une partie des emplois du préfixe raz- est en fait rattachable au mot autonome raz. Ils relèvent d’une même sémantique de l’actualisation, qui est à la base de l’interprétation intensive et des effets de mises en saillance associés à certains emplois de RAZ. De là découle la difficulté à les traiter au niveau lexicographique, car leur description nécessite la prise en compte des facteurs énonciatifs et du contexte d’emploi large. / This thesis analyses the functioning of the form RAZ that in contemporary Russian can be either a word or a prefix, and is intended as a contribution to the study of the semantics of polycategorical lexical items as well as to a better understanding of the notions of intensity and salience. The analysis is based on the model of meaning and reference construction elaborated within the framework of the Theory of the Predicative and Enunciative Operations developed by Antoine Culioli’s associates, and takes into consideration the discursive conditions (situation, co-text, context) under which RAZ occurs. It results in the elaboration of a semantic invariant for each categorical use of RAZ as a word and as a prefix. Each invariant is defined not as an abstract value or a prototypic value, but as a schema that indicates the specific role played by RAZ in the interactions with its co-text. The proposed invariants are developed on the basis of specific distributional and formal criteria, such as the categorical semantics of RAZ, its syntactic function, the nature and the function of its scope. It is demonstrated that despite the existence of two etymons with different meanings, some of the uses of the prefix raz- are, in fact, attachable to the word raz. They emerge from the semantics of actualisation (in Bally’s sense), which is responsible for the intensive interpretation and the effects of salience proper to certain uses of RAZ. Hence the difficulty in treating them on the lexicographic level, since their description requires consideration of enunciative factors and of the wider context.