A field trial and a greenhouse experiment were conducted to investigate the impacts of N and K nutrients on plant N/K assimilation, nitrate reductase activity (NRA), curd yield and quality of cauliflower cv. ‘Minuteman’. In the field study the treatments consisted of five N rates (0, 55, 110, 165 and 220 kg/ha) and three K rates (0, 25 and 50 kg/ha). In the greenhouse study the treatments were five levels of N (0, 16.5, 33, 50 and 66.5 mg/plant/day) using a modified Hoagland nutrition solution. In the field study the interaction of N/K rates was significant in cauliflower whole plant N/K uptake. Head N/K accumulation was 32-35% of plant total N/K uptake (8.0 g/plant), which was significantly correlated with head yield and size (P<0.05). Cauliflower NRA was associated with leaf/head sap NO3-N concentrations. It is suggested that nitrogen and potassium translocation is an important factor of cauliflower yield and quality.

No description available.

Varias técnicas de física nuclear tem sido aplicadas no estudo de artefatos arqueológicos e de arte contribuindo para seu restauro e preservação. A aplicação destas técnicas são indicadas por não serem destrutivas, preservando o material a ser analisado. Neste trabalho, propomos um procedimento para a investigação indireta da dureza de espadas antigas, por meio de técnicas não destrutivas. Com este proposito as técnicas PIXE, NRA, XRD e RBS se adequam ao nosso estudo de espadas antigas, especificamente uma espada Indiana (Damascena) e outra Japonesa (Wakizashi). Com a técnica PIXE esperávamos identificar os elementos presentes nas laminas das espadas e em suas empunhaduras. Na espada Indiana os elementos identificados foram: Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn e As. Para a espada Japonesa somente o elemento Fe foi identificado, mas com o auxílio da técnica RBS identificamos também, um filme fino de carbono na superfície da lamina, medindo 0; 75 _m de espessura. Nas empunhaduras foram identificados os elementos Cr, Fe, Cu e Au para a espada Indiana; Fe, Cu, As e Ag na peca Habaki e S, Cl, K, CA, Fe, As e Au na peca Fuchi, estas duas pecas fazem parte da empunhadura da espada Japonesa. A técnica XRD foi usada para verificarmos as estruturas cristalinas que se formam na superfície das laminas durante o processo de forja (variação de 6 temperatura e deformações plástica). Estas informações possibilitam inferir sobre a temperatura de forja e consequências da deformação plásticas. A fase cristalina da superfície das laminas foi identificada como ferro na forma cristalina cubica de corpo centrado. Nesta estrutura, ha a formação de pequenos cristais orientados (cristalitos), que apresentaram tamanho médio da ordem de 200 _A. Foi verificado que ha também uma fase amorfa do ferro na espada Japonesa, sugerindo que o processo de forja alcançou temperaturas menores quando comparada com a espada Indiana. A espada Damascena _e muito famosa pela dureza e ductibilidade apresentada por sua lamina. Um elemento que pode contribuir para estas caraterísticas e o nitrogênio, que pode ser identificado usando a técnica NRA, mais especificamente a reação 15N(p; _)12C. O nitrogênio poderia ser introduzido na lamina durante o processo de endurecimento da região de corte. Neste processo a lamina era resfriada em urina animal, composta principalmente por acido úrico (C5H4N4O3) e ureia (NH2)2CO. Não foi possível identificarmos a presença de nitrogênio dentro do nosso limite de detecção (acima de 0; 263(4)% em massa de nitrogênio, valor referenciado para a amostra padrão CRM-298). / A set of physical techniques have been applied to characterize archaeological and art artifacts and contribute to its preservation and restoration. The application of these techniques are indicated because they are non invasive methods, preserving the material to be analyzed. In this work, we propose a procedure to investigate indirectly the hardness of ancient swords, by nondestructive techniques. With this aim, we decided to apply the techniques PIXE, NRA, XRD and RBS in the study of ancient swords, specially Indian (Damascus blade) and a Japanese (Wakizashi) swords. With PIXE we identified the major compounds in the blades and in their grips. In the Indian blade were identified the following elements: Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn e As. In the Japanese only iron was identified, although, with RBS we could identified a thin _lm of carbon on its surface. The grips were also analyzed and the results indicated to Indian were: Cr, Fe, Cu and Au; and to Japanese: Fe, Cu, As e Ag in the peace Habaki, and S, Cl, K, CA, Fe, As e Au in the peace Fuchi, those pieces are part of the grip. The XRD technique was applied to verify the crystalline structure which were formed during the forging process (hammering and quenching). These information can help to understand more about the quenching and hammering process. The crystalline phase in the surface of the blade was identified as iron. The surface is composed by crystallites oriented with grain size in order to 200_A, oriented as the result of hammering process. Also there is an amorphous phase in the Japanese blade, suggesting that in the forje process the temperature achieved was lower when compared with the Indian sword. The Damascus blade is famous due its hardness and ductility. An element that can improve these characteristics is the nitrogen. Its determination is possible using NRA technique, more specially the reaction 15N(p; _)12C. The nitrogen could been insert in the blade during the edge hardness process (in this process the blade was quenched into animal urine that its main compound are uric acid (C5H4N4O3) and urea (NH2)2CO, or in a brine). It was not possible to identify the presence of nitrogen within our limit of quantification.

Dans la conception des futurs réacteurs de fusion, l’impact des interactions plasma – paroi pèse grandement sur le choix des matériaux à utiliser en première interface. L’utilisation du tritium en tant que combustible impose de plus des limites de sécurité quant à la quantité totale contenue dans le réacteur. L’analyse d’échantillons de parois de Tokamaks a montré une pénétration et une rétention du deutérium (utilisé à la place du tritium) au sein des matériaux carbonés; cette rétention est problématique car contrairement à la rétention dans les couches co-déposées, on ne peut espérer l’éliminer facilement. De part l’accès difficile aux échantillons réels, l’étude de ce phénomène se limite souvent à des analyses post-mortem.Afin d’accéder à la dynamique du phénomène et de s’affranchir de potentielles redistributions des éléments lors du stockage, un dispositif couplant micro analyse nucléaire (µNRA) et implantation basse énergie simultanée, visant à reproduire l’interaction entre le deutérium et les matériaux de la première paroi, a été mis en place. L’analyse µNRA permet de caractériser les profils de répartition en trois dimensions du deutérium en temps réel, à des échelles micrométriques. Des tests ont permis de confirmer le caractère non-perturbateur du faisceau d’analyse.On observe sur l’ensemble des données obtenues que la surface de l’échantillon (0-1 µm) présente une teneur en deutérium élevée et quasi constante ; la répartition du deutérium y est uniforme. A contrario, le deutérium piégé en profondeur (1-11 µm) se concentre dans des sites préférentiels liés à la microstructure du matériau. L’inventaire deutérium en profondeur semble augmenter avec la fluence incidente, malgré une grande dispersion des données attribuée à la variation de structure des zones étudiées. La saturation surfacique comme la migration en profondeur sont instantanées ; le stockage sous vide entraine une légère désorption du deutérium.Les observations faites par µNRA ont été croisées avec celles obtenues via d’autres techniques expérimentales. La µtomographie X a permis d’identifier clairement les porosités comme sites de localisation préférentielle du deutérium en profondeur. La micro-spectrométrie Raman a révélé la formation d’une couche amorphe fine (~30 nm) et saturée en deutérium à la surface du CFC suite à l’exposition au faisceau de deutérium. Enfin, la caractérisation expérimentale de la migration du deutérium dans les CFC obtenue est confrontée aux modèles existants, et un modèle simplifié original est proposé. Considérant que le dépôt en profondeur se produit par le biais de l’implantation et de la diffusion coulombienne du deutérium à la surface des porosités, il permet de reproduire qualitativement les profils de migration observés. / Plasma-wall interactions play an important part while choosing materials for the first wall in future fusion reactors. Moreover, the use of tritium as a fuel will impose safety limits regarding the total amount present in the tokamak. Previous analyses of first-wall samples exposed to fusion plasma highlighted an in-bulk migration of deuterium (used as an analog to tritium) in carbon materials. Despite its limited value, this retention is problematic: contrary to co-deposited layers, it seems very unlikely to recover easily the deuterium retained in such a way. Because of the difficult access to in situ samples, most published studies on the subject were carried out using post-mortem sample analysis.In order to access to the dynamic of the phenomenon and come apart potential element redistribution during storage, we set up a bench intended for simultaneous low energy ion implantation, reproducing the deuterium interaction with first-wall materials, and high energy microbeam analysis. Nuclear reaction analysis performed at the micrometric scale (µNRA) allows characterizing deuterium repartition profiles in situ. This analysis technique was checked to be non-perturbative.We observed from the experimental data set that the material surface (depth 0-1 µm) displays a high and nearly constant deuterium content, with a uniform distribution. On the contrary, in-bulk deuterium (1-11 µm) localizes in preferential trapping sites related to the material microstructure. In-bulk deuterium inventory seems to increase with the incident fluence, in spite of the wide data scattering attributed to the structure variation of studied regions. Deuterium saturation at the surface as well as in-depth migration is instantaneous; in-vacuum storage leads only to a small deuterium global desorption.Observations made via µNRA were combined with results from other characterization techniques. X-ray µtomography allowed identifying porosities as the preferential trapping sites for in-depth deuterium retention. Raman µspectrometry disclosed the formation of an amorphous layer at the surface, very thin (~30 nm) and deuterium saturated, following deuterium irradiation.At last, we confronted the experimental characterization obtained with existing models for deuterium behaviour in carbon materials and proposed a simple and original one. Considering that in-depth retention is due to deuterium implantation and Coulombian diffusion at the open porosity surfaces, it allows reproducing qualitatively the observed experimental profiles.

Varias técnicas de física nuclear tem sido aplicadas no estudo de artefatos arqueológicos e de arte contribuindo para seu restauro e preservação. A aplicação destas técnicas são indicadas por não serem destrutivas, preservando o material a ser analisado. Neste trabalho, propomos um procedimento para a investigação indireta da dureza de espadas antigas, por meio de técnicas não destrutivas. Com este proposito as técnicas PIXE, NRA, XRD e RBS se adequam ao nosso estudo de espadas antigas, especificamente uma espada Indiana (Damascena) e outra Japonesa (Wakizashi). Com a técnica PIXE esperávamos identificar os elementos presentes nas laminas das espadas e em suas empunhaduras. Na espada Indiana os elementos identificados foram: Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn e As. Para a espada Japonesa somente o elemento Fe foi identificado, mas com o auxílio da técnica RBS identificamos também, um filme fino de carbono na superfície da lamina, medindo 0; 75 _m de espessura. Nas empunhaduras foram identificados os elementos Cr, Fe, Cu e Au para a espada Indiana; Fe, Cu, As e Ag na peca Habaki e S, Cl, K, CA, Fe, As e Au na peca Fuchi, estas duas pecas fazem parte da empunhadura da espada Japonesa. A técnica XRD foi usada para verificarmos as estruturas cristalinas que se formam na superfície das laminas durante o processo de forja (variação de 6 temperatura e deformações plástica). Estas informações possibilitam inferir sobre a temperatura de forja e consequências da deformação plásticas. A fase cristalina da superfície das laminas foi identificada como ferro na forma cristalina cubica de corpo centrado. Nesta estrutura, ha a formação de pequenos cristais orientados (cristalitos), que apresentaram tamanho médio da ordem de 200 _A. Foi verificado que ha também uma fase amorfa do ferro na espada Japonesa, sugerindo que o processo de forja alcançou temperaturas menores quando comparada com a espada Indiana. A espada Damascena _e muito famosa pela dureza e ductibilidade apresentada por sua lamina. Um elemento que pode contribuir para estas caraterísticas e o nitrogênio, que pode ser identificado usando a técnica NRA, mais especificamente a reação 15N(p; _)12C. O nitrogênio poderia ser introduzido na lamina durante o processo de endurecimento da região de corte. Neste processo a lamina era resfriada em urina animal, composta principalmente por acido úrico (C5H4N4O3) e ureia (NH2)2CO. Não foi possível identificarmos a presença de nitrogênio dentro do nosso limite de detecção (acima de 0; 263(4)% em massa de nitrogênio, valor referenciado para a amostra padrão CRM-298). / A set of physical techniques have been applied to characterize archaeological and art artifacts and contribute to its preservation and restoration. The application of these techniques are indicated because they are non invasive methods, preserving the material to be analyzed. In this work, we propose a procedure to investigate indirectly the hardness of ancient swords, by nondestructive techniques. With this aim, we decided to apply the techniques PIXE, NRA, XRD and RBS in the study of ancient swords, specially Indian (Damascus blade) and a Japanese (Wakizashi) swords. With PIXE we identified the major compounds in the blades and in their grips. In the Indian blade were identified the following elements: Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn e As. In the Japanese only iron was identified, although, with RBS we could identified a thin _lm of carbon on its surface. The grips were also analyzed and the results indicated to Indian were: Cr, Fe, Cu and Au; and to Japanese: Fe, Cu, As e Ag in the peace Habaki, and S, Cl, K, CA, Fe, As e Au in the peace Fuchi, those pieces are part of the grip. The XRD technique was applied to verify the crystalline structure which were formed during the forging process (hammering and quenching). These information can help to understand more about the quenching and hammering process. The crystalline phase in the surface of the blade was identified as iron. The surface is composed by crystallites oriented with grain size in order to 200_A, oriented as the result of hammering process. Also there is an amorphous phase in the Japanese blade, suggesting that in the forje process the temperature achieved was lower when compared with the Indian sword. The Damascus blade is famous due its hardness and ductility. An element that can improve these characteristics is the nitrogen. Its determination is possible using NRA technique, more specially the reaction 15N(p; _)12C. The nitrogen could been insert in the blade during the edge hardness process (in this process the blade was quenched into animal urine that its main compound are uric acid (C5H4N4O3) and urea (NH2)2CO, or in a brine). It was not possible to identify the presence of nitrogen within our limit of quantification.

Pour les réacteurs de génération IV, les carbures mixtes (U,Pu)C, avec leur grande densité en atomes fissiles et leurs excellentes propriétés thermiques, sont potentiellement des combustibles à la fois économiques (coeurs plus compacts et plus efficaces) et sûrs (marge à la fusion élevée). Un bon simulant de l’(U,Pu)C pour des études R&D sur son comportement est l’UC, puisqu’ils possèdent des structures très similaires. La synthèse par carbothermie a été utilisée car elle est la plus étudiée et celle actuellement envisagée industriellement. Cependant, elle implique la manipulation de poudres : sous air, le carbure peut réagir très violemment à température ambiante, et sous atmosphère contrôlée il est susceptible d’absorber les impuretés. Une installation inertée sous Ar, BàGCARA, a donc été utilisée. Les améliorations du procédé de fabrication ont notamment portés sur l’atmosphère de frittage afin d’évaluer l’impact sur la pureté des échantillons (vis-à-vis des quantités d’oxygène). La méthode originale d’analyse par faisceau d’ions a permis de déterminer la composition de surface (profils d’oxygène en profondeur dans les premiers 1 μm et stoechiométrie moyenne). Elle a pour la première fois été mise en oeuvre pour l’analyse de l’oxygène dans les matériaux carbonés. Les analyses DRX ont montré le passage par un intermédiaire réactionnel lors de la carbothermie et une meilleure cristallisation des échantillons fabriqués dans BàGCARA. Ils possèdent aussi une meilleure microstructure, densité et aspect visuel que ceux fabriqués par le procédé de référence. Un frittage sous vide mène à un UC plus dense avec moins de secondes phases que les frittages sous Ar, Ar/H2 ou sous contrôle de PC. Cependant, il n’a pas été possible d’analyser les carbures sans passage sous air ce qui peut impacter leur paramètre de maille et mener à leur détérioration. Lorsque l’UC est initialement exempt d’oxygène, il s’oxyde plus vite et plus intensément, de manière hétérogène. Les contraintes mécaniques induites entre les grains mènent à la fracturation du matériau et à une corrosion fissurante, puis à la décohésion du matériau. Une étude des mécanismes d’oxydation serait intéressante afin de valider et de comprendre l’évolution du matériau lorsqu’il est en contact avec l’oxygène. Une étude des mécanismes mis en jeu pourrait être envisagée par couplage des techniques d’EBSD et d’analyse par faisceau d’ions afin de vérifier s’il existe un lien entre une oxydation préférentielle des grains et leur orientation cristallographique. / Mixed carbides (U, Pu)C, are good fuel candidate for IVth generation reactors because of their high fissile atoms density and excellent thermal properties for economical (more compact and efficient cores) and safety reasons (high melting margin). UC can be imagine as a surrogate material ror R&D studies on (U,Pu)C fuel behavior, because of their similar structures. The carbothermic reaction was used because it is the most studied and now consider for industrial process. However, it involves powders manipulation : in air, carbide can strongly react at room temperature and under controlled atmosphere it can absorb impurities. An inerted installation under Ar, BàGCARA, was therefore used. Process improvements were carried out, including the sintering atmosphere in order to evaluate the impact on the sample purity (about oxygen content). The original method by ion bearn analysis was used to determine the surface composition (oxygen in-depth profiles in the first microns and stoichiometry). This oxygen analysis was set for the first time in carbonaceous materials. XRD analysis showed the formation of an intermediate compound during the carbothermic reaction and a better crystallization of the samples fabricated in BàGCARA. They also have a better microstructure, density, and visual appearance if compared to former samples. Vacuum sintering leads to a denser UC with fewer second phases if compared to Ar, Ar/H2 or controlled PC atmospheres. However, it was not possible to analyze carbides without air contact which may impact their lattice parameter and lead to their deterioration. When the carbide is initially free of oxygen, it oxidizes faster, more intensely and heterogeneously. The mechanical stress induced between the grains lead to fracturing the material, to corrosion cracking and then a debonding of the material. A study of oxidation mechanisms would be interesting to validate and understand the evolution of the material in contact with oxygen. A study of the mechanisms involved could be considered by coupling EBSD technique and ion beam analysis to check whether there is a link between a preferential oxidation of the grains and their crystallographic orientation.

Results from Cal Poly's recent wind tunnel test, during the Winter of 2011-2012, in the 40- by 80-foot test section at the National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex (NFAC) at NASA Ames Research Center are presented. AMELIA, the Advanced Model for Extreme Lift and Improved Aeroacoustics, is the first full-span, cruise efficient, short take-off and landing (CESTOL) model incorporating leading- and trailing-edge blowing wing circulation control and over-the-wing mounted turbine propulsion simulators (TPS) to date. Testing of the 10 foot span model proved successful and was the result of a 5 year NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program Research Announcement. The test generated extensive low-speed experimental aerodynamic and acoustic measurements. All of the results associated with Cal Poly's effort will be available in an open-source validation database with the goal of advancing the state-of-the-art in prediction capabilities for modeling aircraft with next generation technologies, focusing on NASA's N+2 generation goals. The model's modular design allowed for testing of 4 major configurations. Results from all configurations are presented. Out of a total of 292 data runs, 14 repeat run configurations were obtained. Overall repeatability of test data are good. Factors contributing to non-repeatability in the test data were assessed and showed high pressure air line temperature to be a primary factor. Test data shows drastic improvements in performance are obtained when incorporating leading edge blowing: wing stall can be delayed to more than 25 degrees angle-of-attack at lift coefficients exceeding six. Without the introduction of leading edge blowing to increase boundary layer momentum and maintain flow attachment around the leading edge, STOL performance suffers. Similar runs for isolated trailing edge blowing show a reduction in maximum lift coefficient to three with stall occurring at zero angle-of-attack. Testing at two engine pylon heights allowed for the highly coupled propulsion and flow control system to be characterized.

Le tungstène sera soumis à des conditions extrêmes de température et de bombardement de particules en tant que paroi des cibles du divertor dans le réacteur de fusion nucléaire ITER. De hauts flux d’ions légers impacteront la surface du tungstène et sont susceptibles de générer des défauts dans le cristal. Cette étude vise à étudier les premières étapes de la formation des défauts lacunaires dans le cristal de tungstène soumis à un faible flux d’ions de faible énergie afin de comprendre le rôle de l’accumulation de l’hélium, un des produits de la réaction de fusion du deutérium et du tritium. Pour cette étude, une source plasma ICP-RF a été développée et qualifiée afin de réaliser des implantations d’hélium dans des conditions parfaitement contrôlées. Les implantations d’hélium ont été réalisées pour plusieurs conditions de fluence, d’énergie et de température, sur des échantillons de tungstène polycristallins. La spectroscopie d’annihilation des positons a été utilisée pour caractériser les défauts lacunaires, les analyses par réactions nucléaires, pour quantifier l’hélium implanté et la spectrométrie de thermodésorption pour caractériser les interactions de l’hélium dans le cristal. Les résultats montrent que pour une énergie de 320 eV à température ambiante, une fluence incidente limite est atteinte à partir de laquelle une saturation de l’hélium implanté apparaît et la formation de lacunes de grande taille débute. L’étude de l’influence de l’énergie et de la température montre l’importance de la répartition de l’hélium en profondeur et de sa mobilité dans le cristal sur la taille et la diversité des défauts formés. Les implantations sont simulées par dynamique moléculaire. Les résultats obtenus par l’approche numérique sont comparés aux résultats expérimentaux afin de mieux comprendre les mécanismes élémentaires mis en jeu. / Tungsten will be exposed to severe plasma conditions such as high temperature and high particle bombardment as a target of the divertor in the nuclear fusion reactor ITER. High fluxes of light ions will impact its surface and can generate defects in the crystal. This study means to observe the first steps of the vacancy-type defects formation in the tungsten crystal subject to low ion flux of low kinetic energy in order to understand the influence of the accumulation of helium, one of the nuclear reaction products. For the experiments, an ICP-RF plasma source was developed and characterized to perform helium implantations under perfectly controlled conditions. Helium implantations were performed under various conditions of fluence, energy and substrate temperature on polycrystalline tungsten samples. Positron annihilation spectroscopy was used to characterize vacancy-type defects, nuclear reaction analysis to quantify implanted helium and thermal desorption spectrometry to characterize the interactions of helium in the crystal. Results show that, for a kinetic energy of 320 eV and at room temperature, a saturation of the helium implanted quantity is reached for a limit incident fluence and that large vacancy defects starts to form. Study of the kinetic energy and the surface temperature influences show the importance of the depth distribution and the mobility of the helium in the crystal on the size and the diversity of the generated defects. Implantations are performed by molecular dynamic simulations. Results obtained by the numerical approach are compared to experimental ones in order to get a better understanding of the atomic scale mechanisms.

In this work, the nucleation and growth of pores in anodic films formed on aluminium in chromic acid and the effect of low levels of sulphate impurity in the anodizing bath on the formation of the films on aluminium and AA 2024 alloy are investigated. The sulphate concentrations considered include levels within specified limits for industrial processing. The anodizing is carried out either potentiostatically or by stepping the voltage. The films are examined by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy to determine the pore spacing, pore population densities, pore diameters and film thicknesses. Film compositions were determined using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattered microscopy and nuclear reaction analysis. In order to investigate the mechanism of pore formation, two tracer methods are employed. In one method, anodic films are formed first in an arsenate electrolyte in the second method, a tungsten tracer band deposited by magnetron sputtering. The behaviours of arsenic and the tungsten are investigated during the subsequent anodizing in chromic acid. The results suggest that the initiation and growth of pores in occurred as a result of electric field assisted chemical dissolution. The effect of sulphate impurity in the chromic acid is investigated using electrolytes with different sulphate content. In the initial stages of anodizing aluminium at 100 V, sulphate impurity at a level of 38 ppm in the chromic acid is shown to lead to significant incorporation of sulphate ions into the anodic film, a lower current density, a smaller cell size and less feathering of the pore walls. In addition, the efficiency of film formation is increased. In later stages of anodizing, the growth of larger pores and cells, leads to a duplex film morphology, with finer pores in the outer region. The change in pore size correlates with a reduction in the incorporation of sulphate into the film. From the results of sequential anodizing experiments, it is suggested that incorporated sulphate ions generate a space charge layer, which has an important role in determining the current density. The effects of higher sulphate concentrations up to 3000 ppm are investigated, which are shown to significantly affect the current density and the pore diameter. Anodizing of aluminium and AA 2024 alloy was also carried out according to industrial practice. The results show that there is significant effect of sulphur impurity on the film thickness. Corrosion tests in 3.5 % NaCl solution for the alloy after anodizing in low (smaller or equal to 1.5 ppm) and high (~38 ppm) sulphate-containing chromic acid electrolytes demonstrate a better corrosion resistance with films formed in the latter electrolyte.

Dans la conception des futurs réacteurs de fusion, l'impact des interactions plasma - paroi pèse grandement sur le choix des matériaux à utiliser en première interface. L'utilisation du tritium en tant que combustible impose de plus des limites de sécurité quant à la quantité totale contenue dans le réacteur. L'analyse d'échantillons de parois de Tokamaks a montré une pénétration et une rétention du deutérium (utilisé à la place du tritium) au sein des matériaux carbonés; cette rétention est problématique car contrairement à la rétention dans les couches co-déposées, on ne peut espérer l'éliminer facilement. De part l'accès difficile aux échantillons réels, l'étude de ce phénomène se limite souvent à des analyses post-mortem.Afin d'accéder à la dynamique du phénomène et de s'affranchir de potentielles redistributions des éléments lors du stockage, un dispositif couplant micro analyse nucléaire (µNRA) et implantation basse énergie simultanée, visant à reproduire l'interaction entre le deutérium et les matériaux de la première paroi, a été mis en place. L'analyse µNRA permet de caractériser les profils de répartition en trois dimensions du deutérium en temps réel, à des échelles micrométriques. Des tests ont permis de confirmer le caractère non-perturbateur du faisceau d'analyse.On observe sur l'ensemble des données obtenues que la surface de l'échantillon (0-1 µm) présente une teneur en deutérium élevée et quasi constante ; la répartition du deutérium y est uniforme. A contrario, le deutérium piégé en profondeur (1-11 µm) se concentre dans des sites préférentiels liés à la microstructure du matériau. L'inventaire deutérium en profondeur semble augmenter avec la fluence incidente, malgré une grande dispersion des données attribuée à la variation de structure des zones étudiées. La saturation surfacique comme la migration en profondeur sont instantanées ; le stockage sous vide entraine une légère désorption du deutérium.Les observations faites par µNRA ont été croisées avec celles obtenues via d'autres techniques expérimentales. La µtomographie X a permis d'identifier clairement les porosités comme sites de localisation préférentielle du deutérium en profondeur. La micro-spectrométrie Raman a révélé la formation d'une couche amorphe fine (~30 nm) et saturée en deutérium à la surface du CFC suite à l'exposition au faisceau de deutérium. Enfin, la caractérisation expérimentale de la migration du deutérium dans les CFC obtenue est confrontée aux modèles existants, et un modèle simplifié original est proposé. Considérant que le dépôt en profondeur se produit par le biais de l'implantation et de la diffusion coulombienne du deutérium à la surface des porosités, il permet de reproduire qualitativement les profils de migration observés.