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Dissertation (MTech (radiography))—Peninsula Technikon, Cape Town, 2003 / Five of the seventeen countries with Nuclear Medicine facilities in Africa have training programmes for Nuclear Medicine Technologists (NMT's). Four of the countries are in Northern Africa (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, and Egypt) and only one in Southern Africa (South Africa). The training programmes vary from country to country and therefore there is no common basis to facilitate regional co-operation. Nuclear Medicine Technologists working in sub-Saharan countries do not have formal training in Nuclear Medicine and have mostly been recruited from related fields of Radiological Technology. A number of NMT's in these centres have enjoyed International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) fellowship training in other countries or have attended regional training courses. Knowledge and skills, learned in well established Nuclear Medicine departments with supportive infrastructure, are on the whole difficult to transfer to a local situation without such support. Because of the nature of the specialty the numbers required for training are small and it would therefore not be cost-effective for Higher Education Institutions in these countries to set up training programmes. There is also a lack of expertise in this field in Africa. Training was initially supported outside the countries with loss of personnel to the departments and in many instances loss of manpower as these trainees leave their countries and do not return. Under an IAEA/African Regional Co-operative Agreement (AFRA) project; "Establishing a Regional Capability in Nuclear Medicine", the following related to training of NMT's: 1. Harmonisation of training programmes for Nuclear Medicine Technologists in AFRA countries 2. Assess the feasibility of running a Distance Assisted Training (DAT) programme for Nuclear Medicine Technologists It was hoped that in this way, full use could be made of available expertise and facilities in the region, the cost of training could be reduced and the standard of patient health care improved.

The aim of this work is the assessment of the diagnostic accuracy in parathyroid glands (PG) detection by various scintigraphic methods and to propose the optimal examination procedure for successful localization of hyperfunctional PG. The patients were divided into 3 groups with individual types of hyperparathyroidism (HPT): group I. primary PHPT (253 patients), group II. normocalcemic NPHPT (75 patients) and group III. secondary SHPT (61 patients). For all the patients protocol A was performed: one day a two-phase SPECT/CT scan using 99mTc-MIBI (technetium 2-methoxyisobutylisonitrile) depicted simultaneously thyroid gland and PG, and another day thyroid SPECT using 99mTc-NaTcO4 (pertechnetate) for 3D subtraction analysis. In case of 44 patients from group I with negative or unclear results of the protocol A also protocol B was performed: PET/CT using 18F-FCH (fluorocholine). The results of surgery and histology served as a "gold standard" for the assessment of the accuracy of scintigraphic findings. In group I. 209/253 patients had a positive finding on scintigraphy using protocol A and 44 patients with an unclear or negative finding of protocol A underwent protocol B examination. In total, 253 patients were operated. The results of the diagnostic accuracy: sensitivity, specificity, positive...

A avaliação da técnica de cintilografia da perfusão pulmonar foi realizada em 10 cães machos, da raça Rottweiler, radiograficamente normais e soronegativos para dirofilariose, utilizando-se o macroagregado de albumina sérica humana marcado com tecnécio-99m ([99mTc](MAA)) como radiofármaco. Cada animal sedado foi submetido a três diferentes tratamentos, com administração de 50.000, 100.000 e 300.000 partículas de MAA. As imagens obtidas com as doses variadas do radiofármaco, foram comparadas de forma qualitativa e quantitativa, incluindo nesta última a avaliação do índice de perfusão pulmonar e homogeneidade das imagens. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre as imagens durante a avaliação visual e cálculo da quantificação relativa da perfusão pulmonar. Porém, o cálculo da uniformidade integral demonstrou diferença significativa na homogeneidade da imagem pulmonar entre as diferentes doses de MAA. Pode-se concluir que existe um aumento na homogeneidade da imagem diretamente relacionado ao número de partículas de magroagregado de albumina injetado, ainda que tal diferença não tenha sido percebida pela análise qualitativa. / The evaluation of pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy technique was accomplished in 10 Rottweiler male dogs, with normal thoracic radiographs and negative for Dirofilaria immitis, using macroaggregated human serum albumin tagged with technetium-99m ([99mTc](MAA)) as radiopharmaceutical. Each sedated animal was subimited to 3 different treatments, with administration of 50.000, 100.000 and 300.000 particles of MAA. The obtained images with diverse radiopharmaceutical doses were qualitative and quantitative compared, including in this the evaluation of radiopharmaceutical distribution and the homogeneity index. There were observed no significative differences between the images during the visual evaluation and calculation of the relative quantification of the lung perfusion. However, the integral uniformity calculation demonstrated significative difference at the homogeneity of the lung image between the different MAA doses. That leads to the conclusion that there is an increase at the images homogeneity directly related to the number of albumin macroaggregated particles injected, though difference has not been realized by the qualitative analysis.