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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Bioadhesive polymers as intranasal drug delivery systems for peptide and protein drugs

Soane, Robert J. January 1999 (has links)
No description available.
2

Investigation of a novel modified fixed dose determination protocol for radioiodine treatment of feline hyperthyroidism

Wentworth-Morre, Wendy Ann 24 May 2017 (has links)
Background: Radioiodine is the treatment of choice for feline hyperthyroidism. The ideal method of dose determination of 131I remains controversial. Objective: To compare a method of radioiodine dose determination that utilized thyroid scintigraphy with a standard fixed dose for treatment of feline hyperthyroidism. Methods: Fifty-seven and 23 cats were in the novel and fixed dose groups, respectively. Cats with a percent dose uptake as determined using 99mTcO4- uptake on thyroid scintigraphy <5%, 5-10%, and >10% were designated to receive 3 mCi, 3.5 mCi, or 4.5 mCi of 131I, respectively, administered subcutaneously. Radioiodine dose was adjusted by thyroid size, determined by evaluating the thyroid:salivary size ratio (T:S) and categorized as <5, 5-10, and >10. If the thyroid size fell into a higher dosing category than percent uptake, the dose was increased accordingly. Cats in the fixed dose group received 4.5 mCi of 131I. Six months after treatment, cats were determined to be euthyroid, hypothyroid, or hyperthyroid based on serum T4 concentrations relative to an established reference interval. Univariate analysis using Chi-square was used to determine associations between treatment and outcome. Results: There was no difference in outcome between the novel and fixed dose treatments. Euthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism developed in 61, 30, and 9% of cats in the fixed dose group, respectively compared to 58, 26, and 16% in the novel dose group. Conclusions: A modified fixed dose method of radioiodine based upon thyroid size and percent dose uptake was ineffective in improving outcomes over a standard fixed dose method. / Master of Science
3

The effect of the ileal brake on the behaviour of oral dosage forms within the small intestine

Dobson, Clair Louise January 1999 (has links)
No description available.
4

Quantitative Pertechnetate Thyroid Scintigraphy and the Ultrasonographic Appearance of the Thyroid Gland in Clinically Normal Horses

Davies, Sarah Elizabeth 01 June 2010 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to report the scintigraphic and sonographic appearance of the thyroid gland in clinically normal horses so these modalities could be used to assess the thyroid gland in this species. Horses were divided into two age groups. Group A consisted of 8 horses between 3 and 10 years of age and Group B of 7 horses between 11 and 20 years of age. Total T4 concentrations were within the laboratory reference interval. Thyroid to salivary (T/S) ratio, percent dose uptake of pertechnetate and thyroid lobe volume were calculated. Echogenicity of thyroid lobes and presence of nodules were documented. The two groups were compared using appropriate parametric and nonparametic tests. Total T4 concentrations were significantly lower in the older group. Sixty minute mean ± standard deviation (SD) T/S ratios for older versus younger horses were 5.8 ± 3.0 and 5.3 ± 2.2, respectively. Sixty minute median and interquartile ranges for percent dose uptake of pertechnetate for older versus younger horses were 3.64% (1.5 to 3.98%) and 2.55% (2.33 to 2.90%), respectively. Mean ± SD thyroid lobe volumes for older versus younger horses were 18.93 ± 5.16 cm3 and 13.55 ± 3.56 cm3, respectively. Most thyroid lobes were hyper or isoechoic to the sternocephalicus muscle. Prevalence of thyroid nodules did not differ between groups. Older horses had trends for greater T/S ratios, percent dose uptakes and thyroid lobe volumes but had lower total T4 concentrations. Further studies using scintigraphy and ultrasound in horses with thyroid disease are planned. / Master of Science
5

Distribuição intragástrica de refeições com 60 ml e 180 ml: três segmentações proximal-distal empregando a cintilografia

Ietsugu, Marjorie do Val [UNESP] 29 October 2008 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-10-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:50:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ietsugu_mv_me_botib.pdf: 756059 bytes, checksum: 60c01e8df811ca3a5b1305a1cde4cbc5 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Distribuição intragástrica de uma refeição (DIR) e esvaziamento gástrico regional são parâmetros importantes que podem estar associados a alterações na motilidade gástrica. No entanto, não há um consenso sobre o tipo de segmentação e o volume da refeição para se avaliar a DIR e o esvaziamento regional. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a DIR de refeições-teste com 60 ml e 180 ml, utilizando três formas diferentes de segmentação gástrica. Doze voluntários saudáveis foram avaliados, randomicamente, duas vezes pela cintilografia, ingerindo 60 ml e 180 ml de iogurte acrescido de 2 mCi de 99mTc-Estanho Coloidal. Cada medida durou 18 minutos com aquisição de 1 Hz e todos os dados analisados em ambiente MatLab (Mathworks Inc.). A segmentação proximal-distal utilizou regiões de interesse (ROIs), onde o contorno do estômago total obtido após a ingestão de 180 ml foi movido e ajustado às outras imagens. A análise de freqüência e amplitude foi realizada empregando Transformada Rápida de Fourier (FFT) e área sob a curva (AUC), respectivamente. Nossos resultados indicam que há diferenças significativas, na distribuição intragástrica de uma refeição semi-líquida, quando se ingere um volume pequeno (60 ml) ou moderado (180 ml). Outra constatação importante é que a distribuição de uma refeição entre os compartimentos proximal e distal foi fortemente influenciada pelo modo como o estômago foi dividido. Os padrões de freqüência dominante variaram de acordo com a segmentação, independente do volume da refeição escolhido. Esse trabalho proporcionou avanços metodológicos ao comparar a influência da segmentação gástrica sobre a distribuição intragástrica de refeições com volumes distintos. As discrepâncias entre as segmentações mostram que os resultados de uma pesquisa e/ou diagnóstico podem ser profundamente influenciados pelo tipo... / Intragastric distribution of a meal (IDM) and regional emptying are important parameters that can be associated to alterations in the gastric motility. However, there is a lack of consensus about proximal-distal segmentation and volume of the test meal to evaluate IDM and the regional emptying. The aim of this study was to evaluate IDM with 60 ml and 180 ml, using three different gastric segmentations. Twelve healthy volunteers were assessed, randomly, twice in scintigraphy. The test meal consisted of 60 ml and 180 ml of yogurt to which has added 2 mCi 99mTc-tin colloid. Anterior dynamic (64 · 64 pixels) frames of 1 s were acquired for 18 min and all data were analyzed in MatLab (Mathworks Inc.). The proximal-distal segmentations used regions of interest (ROI), where the outline of the total stomach obtained after the ingestion of 180 ml was moved and fitting to all images. Frequency and amplitude was analyzed using Transformed Fast of Fourier (FFT) and area under the curve (AUC), respectively. Our results indicate significant differences, in the intragastric distribution of a semi-liquid meal, when a small (60 ml) or moderate (180 ml) volume is ingested. An important finding of this study was that IDM between the proximal and distal compartments was influenced strongly by the way as the stomach was divided. The patterns of dominant frequency varied in agreement with the segmentation adopted, independent of the volume of the meal. This work provided methodological progresses when comparing the influence of the gastric segmentation on the intragastric distribution of meals with different volumes. The discrepancies among the segmentations show that the results of a research and/or diagnosis can be deeply influenced by the segmentation adopted, in other words, as the proximal area increases, larger the amount of meal that is kept in the proximal region. In summary, gastrointestinal... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
6

Evaluation of Thyroid to Background Ratios in Hyperthyroid Cats

Bettencourt, Ann Elizabeth 17 July 2014 (has links)
Hyperthyroidism is the most common feline endocrinopathy. 131I is the treatment of choice, and over 50,000 cats have been treated using an empirical fixed dose. Better treatment responses could be achieved by tailoring the dose based on the severity of disease. Scintigraphy is the best method to quantify the severity of the disease. Previously established scintigraphic quantitative methods, thyroid to salivary ratio (T:S ratio) and % dose uptake, are the most widely recognized measurements. Recently, the thyroid to background ratio (T:B ratio) has been proposed as an alternate method to assess function and predict 131I treatment response. The purpose of this study was to determine the best location of a background ROI, which should be reflective of blood pool activity. We also hypothesized that the T:B ratio using the determined background ROI would provide improved correlation to T4 when compared to T:S ratio and % dose uptake in hyperthyroid cats. Fifty-six hyperthyroid cats were enrolled. T4 was used as the standard measure of thyroid function and was obtained prior to thyroid scintigraphy and 131I therapy. Blood samples were collected at the time of scintigraphy and radioactivity within the sample was measured. The plasma radioactivity was compared to the background ROI count densities in 8 anatomic regions using linear regression analysis for 55 cats. One cat was excluded from the study because of an injection error during scintigraphy. T:B and T:S ratios, and % dose uptake on scintigraphy were then compared to serum T4 by linear regression analysis for 39 cats. Sixteen cats were excluded because of recent methimazole or Y/D diet use, or incomplete data. The heart ROI correlated best to plasma pertechnetate activity (r = 0.70). % dose uptake correlated best to serum T4 (r = 0.74), followed by T:S ratio (r = 0.66), followed by the T:B ratio using the heart ROI (r = 0.59). Placing an ROI over the heart is the best method of quantifying plasma radioactivity. T:B ratio using the heart ROI as the background is a good predictor T4 but percent dose uptake and T:S ratio proved to be better predictors of T4 than any of the T:B ratios. Therefore, our hypothesis was not supported. The T:B ratio may not provide the best scintigraphic measurement of thyroid function. Hence it is unlikely to accurately predict treatment response to 131I therapy. / Master of Science
7

The Effect of Nephrotomy on Renal Function and Morphology in Normal Cats

King, Michael David 11 July 2006 (has links)
Objective: To assess effects of bisection nephrotomy on renal function, size, and morphology in cats over a period of 12 weeks. Study Design: Controlled, randomized, blinded experiment. Sample Population: Ten adult female cats. Methods: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), as determined by quantitative renal scintigraphy using 99mTc-DTPA, urinalysis, urine culture, and sonographic measurement of renal size were performed pre-operatively. A left or right nephrotomy (five randomly assigned cats in each group) was performed. Total and individual kidney GFRs were determined in each cat 2, 28 and 84 days post-operatively. Both kidneys were measured sonographically 28 and 86 days postoperatively and an ultrasound-guided biopsy of each kidney was obtained 86 days postoperatively. Results: No significant differences in mean GFR and kidney size of the operated versus un-operated kidneys were observed at any time period. Individual GFR and renal size of all except one of the cats remained within normal limits. Two additional cats had evidence of transient ureteral obstruction in the immediate post-operative period. No significant histologic abnormalities were observed in any biopsy. Conclusions: Bisection nephrotomy in normal cats did not adversely affect renal function or morphology over the three month post-operative period. Clinical Relevance: Bisection nephrotomy can be safely performed in normal feline kidneys without causing a significant deleterious effect on renal function. Studies in animals with pre-existing renal insufficiency are needed to insure no adverse effects would occur in clinical cases where this surgical procedure is warranted. / Master of Science
8

"Avaliação estrutural e funcional da deglutição de idosos, com e sem queixas de disfagia, internados em uma enfermaria geriátrica" / Clinical and functional assessment of swallowing of older patients with or without complaints of dysphagia admitted to a care geriatric ward

Issa, Paula de Carvalho Macedo 12 December 2003 (has links)
Os mecanismos fisiológicos sofrem mudanças durante o processo de envelhecimento. Dentre as alterações que ocorrem naturalmente durante esse processo, existem os problemas de deglutição. A integridade da deglutição não só garante a manutenção do estado nutricional do paciente mas também protege o trato respiratório contra acidentes como aspiração de conteúdo da orofaringe; por outro lado, suas alterações, muitas vezes somadas a processos patológicos, levam a complicações nutricionais e infecciosas, favorecendo a ocorrência de outras doenças e podendo, até mesmo, levar a quadros irreversíveis. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a fase orofaríngea da deglutição de pacientes idosos internados na enfermaria da Divisão de Clínica Médica Geral e Geriatria do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, com ou sem queixas de dificuldade de deglutição, através da avaliação clínica fonoaudiológica e do estudo cintilográfico da deglutição, correlacionando-os. Para tanto, foram avaliados 30 pacientes idosos internados, com idades entre 66 e 94 anos, idade média de 80 anos, selecionados aleatoriamente, sem se considerar suas doenças e a presença ou não de queixas de disfagia, sendo excluídos os pacientes gravemente comprometidos, cujo estado impossibilitava a avaliação clínica e objetiva da deglutição. Além disso, obteve-se dois grupos controle, sendo um constituído por jovens, com idades variando de 21 a 30 anos, idade média de 25 anos e o outro foi constituído por idosos, com idades variando de 60 a 80 anos, idade média de 70 anos. Os voluntários dos grupos controle foram cuidadosamente triados antes da participação no estudo para assegurar que eles não apresentassem histórias de dificuldades para a deglutição e/ou condições médicas que pudessem influenciar a deglutição ou performance motora orofacial e/ou que usassem medicamentos depressores do sistema nervoso central. Para a avaliação funcional da deglutição, os participantes do estudo deglutiram dois bolos de alimentos de 5 ml cada, nas consistências líquida e pastosa. No estudo cintilográfico foram adicionados aos dois bolos, um marcador de radioatividade de fitato coloidal ligado ao tecnécio (99mTc). Os dados da avaliação foram analisados no computador através do protocolo de aquisição da gama-câmara (vision DST) quanto ao trânsito e resíduo oral, trânsito, clearance e resíduo faríngeo e entrada no esôfago proximal. O estudo permitiu concluir que idosos doentes sem queixa de dificuldade de deglutição e sem a presença de doenças que cursam com a disfagia, não apresentam diferença significativa dos parâmetros observados quando comparados com idosos saudáveis; pessoas idosas deglutem mais lentamente quando comparadas com pessoas mais jovens, entretanto essa lentificação permite que idosos deglutam mais seguramente. As mudanças no hábito alimentar de idosos devem ser questionadas por profissionais que trabalham com a população geriátrica e a avaliação fonoaudiológica clínica da deglutição deve fazer parte da definição do diagnóstico diferencial em quadros que sugiram dificuldades de deglutição e, principalmente deve ser imprescindível naqueles que apresentem patologias que cursam com a disfagia; a técnica cintilográfica é sensível a sutis mudanças relacionadas ao trânsito, clearance e resíduo alimentar. / Physiological mechanisms change during the aging process. Among the changes that occur naturally during this process, there are the problems of swallowing. Swallowing integrity not only warrants the maintenance of the patient’s nutritional status, but also protects the respiratory system against accidents like the aspiration of oropharyngeal contents. On the other hand, changes in the swallowing process, often added by other diseases, induces nutritional and infectious complications, favoring the occurrence of other diseases and, even, irreversible clinical pictures. The present study aimed to assess the oropharyngeal phase of swallowing of older persons admitted to the wards of the Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatric Medicine of the Internal Medicine Department of the School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto – University of São Paulo, independently of the presence or absence of swallowing complaints, through phonoaudiological clinical evaluation and cintilographic study of swallowing. Thirty elderly patients were studied, with age ranging from 66 to 94 years old, mean age 80 years, randomly selected, without being taken into consideration specific diseases and the presence or absence of swallowing complaints. Severely compromised Patients, whose health status made impossible adequate evaluation, were excluded. Two control groups were composed, one of young volunteers, aged from 21 to 30 years, mean age 25 years and one of elderly volunteers, with age ranging from 60 to 80 years old, mean age 70 years. Volunteers of the control groups were carefully evaluated before participation, to make sure that they did not have swallowing difficulties and/or clinical conditions that could influence swallowing and oral and facial motor performance and did not take medications with central nervous system actions. For functional assessment of swallowing, the study participants swallowed two boluses of 5 ml each, in liquid and syrup consistence. In the cintilographic study, a radioactive tracer (99mTc colloidal phytate) was added to the boluses. Data were analyzed through the gamma-camera acquisition protocol (vision DST) for oral transit and residual, pharyngeal transit, clearance time and residual and time for proximal esophagus entrance. The study allowed us to conclude that older patients without swallowing complaints and without diseases that cause dysphagia, do not show significant differences of the observed parameters when compared to healthy older persons. Older persons swallow slower when compared to younger persons, however this delay allows them to swallow safer. Changes in dietary habits of older persons should be questioned by professionals that work with geriatric populations and clinical phonoaudiological assessment of swallowing must be part of the assessment process of situations where difficulties for swallowing appeared, being absolutely necessary for those that present diseases that courses with dysphagia. The cintilographic technique is sensitive to subtle changes in transit, clearance and food residuals.
9

Estudo do tempo de excreção renal através da cintilografia em felinos domésticos / Evaluation of renal excretion using scintigraphy in domestic cats

Jarretta, Georgea Bignardi 04 August 2005 (has links)
Na rotina clínica de felinos domésticos, algumas modalidades de diagnóstico por imagem, como a ultra-sonografia, radiografia simples e urografia excretora, já são amplamente utilizadas. A cintilografia é uma técnica não invasiva, capaz de oferecer informações funcionais de rins individualmente, porém é considerada uma modalidade menos usual. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o tempo de excreção renal de felinos domésticos através da cintilografia, em animais com parâmetros ultra-sonográficos e radiográficos dentro dos limites da normalidade. Foram utilizados 15 animais, 9 machos e 6 fêmeas, e estes foram divididos em grupos de animais não submetidos à anestesia e anestesiados. Foi estabelecido o tempo para o radiofármaco obter acúmulo máximo em cada um dos rins e o tempo para este acúmulo máximo ser reduzido pela metade. Não houve diferença estatística entre os valores dos animais não-anestesiados e anestesiados, nem entre machos e fêmeas, tampouco entre os rins esquerdo e direito. / In internal medicine of domestic cats, imaging modalities, such as ultrasonography, radiography and intravenous pylogram are widely used. Scintigraphy is a non-invasive technique, which provides functional information of each individual kidney; however, it is not widely available or utilized currently in veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to determine the time of excretion of each kidney in normal domestic cats using nuclear scintigraphy. Fifteen cats (9 males and 6 females) determined to be within normal limits for radiographic and ultrasonographic renal parameters, were divided into two experimental groups (awake and anesthetized cats). Time to maximum radiopharmaceutical activity (T max) and time to decline to half maximum radiopharmaceutical activity (half-time) were determined in each kidney for each cat. No statistical difference was found between groups (awake vs. anesthetized) or sex (males vs. females), or between left and right kidneys.
10

Avaliação da técnica de cintilografia da perfusão pulmonar em cães / Evaluation of pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy technique in dogs

Rodrigues, Gabriela Silva 27 February 2004 (has links)
A avaliação da técnica de cintilografia da perfusão pulmonar foi realizada em 10 cães machos, da raça Rottweiler, radiograficamente normais e soronegativos para dirofilariose, utilizando-se o macroagregado de albumina sérica humana marcado com tecnécio-99m ([99mTc](MAA)) como radiofármaco. Cada animal sedado foi submetido a três diferentes tratamentos, com administração de 50.000, 100.000 e 300.000 partículas de MAA. As imagens obtidas com as doses variadas do radiofármaco, foram comparadas de forma qualitativa e quantitativa, incluindo nesta última a avaliação do índice de perfusão pulmonar e homogeneidade das imagens. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre as imagens durante a avaliação visual e cálculo da quantificação relativa da perfusão pulmonar. Porém, o cálculo da uniformidade integral demonstrou diferença significativa na homogeneidade da imagem pulmonar entre as diferentes doses de MAA. Pode-se concluir que existe um aumento na homogeneidade da imagem diretamente relacionado ao número de partículas de magroagregado de albumina injetado, ainda que tal diferença não tenha sido percebida pela análise qualitativa. / The evaluation of pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy technique was accomplished in 10 Rottweiler male dogs, with normal thoracic radiographs and negative for Dirofilaria immitis, using macroaggregated human serum albumin tagged with technetium-99m ([99mTc](MAA)) as radiopharmaceutical. Each sedated animal was subimited to 3 different treatments, with administration of 50.000, 100.000 and 300.000 particles of MAA. The obtained images with diverse radiopharmaceutical doses were qualitative and quantitative compared, including in this the evaluation of radiopharmaceutical distribution and the homogeneity index. There were observed no significative differences between the images during the visual evaluation and calculation of the relative quantification of the lung perfusion. However, the integral uniformity calculation demonstrated significative difference at the homogeneity of the lung image between the different MAA doses. That leads to the conclusion that there is an increase at the images homogeneity directly related to the number of albumin macroaggregated particles injected, though difference has not been realized by the qualitative analysis.

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