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No description available.

Islet plasticity has proven to be an important platform for the engineering of alternative islet tissue for transplantation. In vitro studies have shown the ability of islets to transdifferentiate into duct-like epithelial structures (DLS) thought to possess progenitor cells capable of replenishing damaged tissue within the pancreas. The aim of this study was to investigate the natural history of human derived duct-like epithelial structures transplanted into nude mice. / Human islet derived duct-like structures from three cadaver pancreases were subcutaneously transplanted into 6-8 week old male HSD athymic nude-Foxn1 mice. Six mice were sacrificed at day 3, 7, 14 and 21 from each time period. DLS were also placed in matrigel for in-vitro control samples. DLS were processed for immunohistochemistry for endocrine markers, epithelial markers, cell death and proliferation markers, islet maturation markers and angiogenic factors. / Our results show that as DLS are transplanted, there is an increase in cell death and proliferation. This increase in cell death and proliferation causes an increase in PDX-1 expression as well as VEGF, an angiogenic factor. But over time, transplanted DLS do not show an increase in cell death and show a small decrease in cell proliferation from pre-transplanted DLS. At day 3 of engraftment, DLS show a significant expression of PDX-1. We see a small increase in endocrine tissue after 3 days of transplantation, then an increase in endocrine cell death, which returns the percentage of endocrine cells back to pre-transplantation levels at day 21. DLS were shown to express VEGF, and once transplanted into an initial hypoxic environment there is a substantial increase in expression, followed by a recruitment of microvessels. Although there is a dynamic change in expression of cell markers throughout engraftment, there is no significant change in DLS size, nuclei per DLS or cell morphology over time. / DLS have been shown to survive subcutaneous transplantation and possess an initial increase in cell proliferation leading to increases in PDX-1 and VEGF expression. Transplanted DLS have shown to possess significant angiogenic properties with the recruitment of microvessels into subcutaneous DLS grafts. Subcutaneous DLS transplantation could be used in combination with islet transplantation to alleviate current problems with islet transplantation such as islet cell death and insufficient blood supply.

This thesis explores autobiographical practices and their relationship to autofiction, by focusing on practices of identity construction and artistic performance, as well as identity construction through performance. Emphasis is given to the ways gender and sexuality enter into, and shape, these practices by examining, in particular, the way they are expressed in Diana Thorneycroft's photographic performances. Chapter 1 discusses the history and key debates in autobiography theory, the ways gender has been introduced into the analysis of autobiography, and non-literary forms of autobiography. Chapter 1 also briefly discusses the (Western) history of art by women. Chapter 2 examines Thorneycroft's oeuvre and selected responses to it. Chapter 3 presents an analysis of autofictional practices through an examination of Thorneycroft's photographic self-portraits, thereby questioning the distinctions between autobiography and autofiction and suggesting that there is considerable overlap in their definition. The Conclusion briefly discusses agency in relation to autofictional (self-making) practices.

No description available.

Thesis (M.F.A.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 2008. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references.

Teilw. zugl.: Erlangen-Nürnberg, University, Habil.-Schr., 2003.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2005. / [School of Medicine] Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology. Includes bibliographical references. Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

Cette thèse de doctorat est une étude interdisciplinaire portant sur la question de la représentation de la nudité dans la littérature, la médecine et les discours artistiques en France dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle. À partir du constat que le corps nu est indissociable du sens de la vue se développe l’idée selon laquelle l’élaboration d’un regard conditionne l’existence de représentations plurielles du corps dévêtu. À travers l’étude de textes de différentes natures, cette thèse propose un parcours démontrant le lien entre la construction du regard et la fabrique des « nudités » au siècle des Lumières. Des mots techniques dévoilant le détail anatomique aux demi-mots formant le langage « gazé », l’écriture et la lecture des nudités sont pensées comme une interaction de nature textuelle et visuelle (chapitre I. Lire, écrire & dévêtir). Le second chapitre (Révéler & Eveiller) est consacré aux effets attribués à la vision du nu au XVIIIe siècle et présente, à partir de l’étude des planches d’anatomie, la façon dont le regard porté sur le corps dénudé peut être construit. Les chapitres suivants examinent successivement les nudités selon l’élaboration de différents regards. Le voyeurisme (chapitre III. Dénuder & inciter) et l’observation (chapitre IV. Exposer & observer) favorisent la représentation du détail anatomique, la création de figures topiques et la mise en scène du corps nu. Les chapitres suivant montrent que le corps peut également être déshabillé du regard et le nu parcouru des yeux : étoffes et draperies, proportions et couleurs, participent de la construction d’une trajectoire permettant de voir, de toucher, de sentir et d’imaginer la nudité (chapitre V. Déshabiller & parcourir). Du costume à la peau, des muscles aux os, le corps apparaît comme un ensemble de couches superposées offrant la possibilité un regard pénétrant. Une fois l’habit et le tégument ôtés, la nudité est l’image d’une intériorité physique et morale explorée par les médecins et les écrivains (chapitre VI. Dévoiler & explorer). Le septième et dernier chapitre (Découvrir & réfléchir) montre que décentrer ou recentrer son regard permet de faire du corps dans son plus simple appareil un outil de réflexion renvoyant l’homme vêtu des Lumières à sa propre image. Les modes vestimentaires, l’exhibition des « sauvages » et l’auscultation sont également des situations dans lesquelles la figure du médecin se construit par rapport au corps féminin dénudé.Les représentations du corps dénudé au XVIIIe siècle se pensent notamment dans les rapports entre la vue et le toucher, entre l’ensemble et les parties du corps, entre le vêtu et le nu, entre la surface et la profondeur. Elles procèdent du morcellement, du grossissement, du dépouillement et de la réification du corps et de ses parties. Elles passent par la mise en œuvre de procédés textuels, par des phénomènes de contamination générique et disciplinaire, par la création de figures que sont entre autres les baigneuses, les athlètes, les hommes de lettres, les Vénus en tous genres, les allégories et les anatomies. Reposant sur la construction du regard et sur les interactions entre les arts, la littérature et la médecine, cette thèse invite à partir à la découverte des « nudités » du siècle des Lumières. / This doctoral thesis is an interdisciplinary study on the question of the representation of nudity in French literature, medicine and artistic discourse in the second half of the eighteenth century. Considering that the naked body is inseparable from the sense of sight, we reveal the idea that the elaboration of a gaze determine a plurality of representations of the undressed body. By the study of texts of different types, this thesis presents a process demonstrating the link between the looking and the nudities in the Enlightenment. From technical words revealing the anatomical detail to descriptions in veiled terms, the writing and the reading of the undressed body are such as a textual and visual interaction (Chapter I). The second chapter is devoted to the effects attributed to the nude in the eighteenth century and presents, through the study of anatomical plates, how the gaze on the bare body can be constructed. The following chapters examine successively the nudities according to different ways of seeing. Voyeurism (Chapter III) and observation (Chapter IV) promote the representation of anatomical detail, the creation of topical figures and the staging of the naked body. The following chapters show that the body can also be mentally undressed. Clothes and draperies, proportions and colors guide a trajectory allowing to see, to touch, to feel and to imagine the nudity (Chapter V). From “costume” to skin, from muscles to bones, the body appears as a set of superimposed layers offering the possibility of a penetrating eye. Clothes and integument once removed, nakedness becomes the image of a physical and moral interiority explored by doctors and writers (Chapter VI). The seventh and final chapter shows that nudity is a way of thinking through decentered or focused gazes. The naked body reflects to the dressed man of the Enlightenment his own image. The fashions, the exhibition of "savages" and the auscultation are also situations in which the physician's figure is drawn in relation to the naked female body.The representations of the undressed body in the eighteenth century are created between sight and touch, between the whole body and its parts, between the clothed and the naked, between the surface and the depth. They proceed from the fragmentation, the magnification, the stripping and the reification of the body and its parts. They involve textual processes, generic and disciplinary contaminations, creations of figures such as bathers, athletes, men of letters, Venus of all kinds, allegories and anatomies. Based on the construction of the gaze and the interactions between arts, literature and medicine, this thesis invites us to discover the nudities of the Enlightenment.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-09-29 / A epilepsia acomete cerca de 1 a 2% da população mundial e carece de propostas terapêuticas mais eficazes. Aproximadamente 30% das epilepsias são sintomáticas e a epilepsia do lobo temporal (ELT) se destaca pela alta incidência e gravidade. Cerca de 30% de pacientes com ELT possuem crises refratárias ao tratamento medicamentoso, sendo necessário, muitas vezes, intervenção cirúrgica para o controle das mesmas. A investigação dos mecanismos fisiopatológicos empregando tecido humano extraído cirurgicamente, embora muito importante, tem a limitação de refletir apenas o processo crônico em que as alterações moleculares, bioquímicas e de neuroplasticidade resultantes do quadro epiléptico já se encontram estabelecidos. Nesse sentido, os modelos experimentais são fundamentais por permitir uma melhor abordagem dos mecanismos envolvidos com a epileptogênese, ou seja, aqueles ativados durante a indução até o estabelecimento do quadro epiléptico. O modelo lesional de epilepsia induzida por pilocarpina em pequenos roedores tem sido amplamente utilizado por reproduzir as principais características da ELT. Nesse modelo as crises epilépticas são acompanhadas por uma ação combinada entre o sistema imune, nervoso e endócrino, envolvendo a ativação de mediadores como citocinas, quimiocinas, neurotransmissores e seus receptores celulares. Estes processos têm sido associados com a etiologia da condição epiléptica. No presente projeto, camundongos imunodeficientes BALB/c nude foram submetidos ao modelo de epilepsia induzida por pilocarpina, para caracterização das alterações comportamentais, eletrográficas, neuroquímicas e histológicas comparadas ao seu controle BALB/c. Os resultados indicaram que a integridade do sistema imunológico é necessário para proteger o sistema nervoso central do insulto causado pelo status epilepticus (SE) induzido pela pilocarpina. Após a aplicação da pilocarpina, os animais BALB/c nude apresentaram um maior número de crises tônicoclônicas até atingirem o SE, apresentando um alto índice de mortalidade quando comparados ao BALB/c. Os camundongos BALB/c nude também apresentaram uma maior ativação de c-Fos em áreas relacionadas com a circuitaria das crises e uma menor expressão de parvalbumina, uma proteína ligadora de cálcio intracelular em relação ao BALB/c estudado na mesma condição experimental. Diferenças nas concentrações de neurotransmissores excitatórios e inibitórios também foram observados no córtex e hipocampo do BALB/c nude em relação ao BALB/c. Os camundongos BALB/c nude tiveram aumento na concentração de aminoácidos excitatórios sem a alteração compensatória dos aminoácidos inibitórios durante as crises, conforme ocorreu nos camundongos BALB/c. A morte neuronal avaliada pelas técnicas histológicas de Fluoro Jade-B e Nissl, também se mostrou aumentada em algumas áreas do sistema nervoso central dos camundongos BALB/c nude que apresentaram SE em relação ao BALB/c Os dados sugerem uma correlação positiva entre ativação de c-Fos, concentração de aminoácidos excitatórios e morte neuronal nos camundongos BALB/c nude, sugerindo que a deficiência imunológica possa ter contribuído para a hiperexcitabilidade e vulnerabilidade do sistema nervoso central aos danos causados pelas crises. / Epilepsy affects about 1-2% of world population and lack of effective therapeutic interventions more effective. Approximately 30% are symptomatic of epilepsy and temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is distinguished by the high incidence and severity. About 30% of patients with TLE seizures are refractory to treatment, if necessary, often, surgical intervention for control of them. The investigation of pathophysiology mechanism using human tissue extracted surgically, although very important, is limited by reflects only the chronic process in which the molecular, biochemical, and neuronal plasticity alterations resulting from epileptic effects already established. Thus, experimental models are essential for better approach of the mechanisms involved in epileptogenesis. The epilepsy induced by pilocarpine in small rodents has been widely used for reproducing the main features of TLE. In this model, the seizures are accompanied by a combined action between immune system, nervous and endocrine systems, involving the mediators activation such as cytokines, chemokines, neurotransmitters and their cell receptors. These processes have been associated with the etiology of the epileptic condition. In this project, immunodeficient BALB/c nude mice submitted to epilepsy model induced by pilocarpine to characterize behavior, electrographic, histological and neurochemical changes compared to their control BALB/c. The results indicated that integrity of the immune system is necessary to protect the central nervous system insult caused by status epilepticus. After administration of pilocarpine, the BALB/c nude mice showed a larger number of tonic-clonic seizures, with a high mortality rate when compared to BALB/c. The BALB/c nude also showed a greater activation of c-Fos in areas related to the circuitry of the crisis and a lower expression of parvalbumin, an intracellular calcium-binding protein compared to BALB/c studied in the same experimental condition. Differences concentrations of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters were also observed in cortex and hippocampus of the BALB/c nude compared to BALB/c. The BALB/c nude showed increased of the excitatory amino acids concentrations without compensatory alteration in the inhibitory amino acids during seizure, as occurred in BALB/c. Neuronal death measured by Fluoro Jade- B and Nissl histological techniques, was also increased in some areas of the central nervous system of BALB/c nude SE presented relative to BALB/c. The data suggest a positive correlation between c-Fos activation, excitatory amino acids concentration and neuronal death in BALB/c nude mice, suggesting that immune deficiency may have contributed to the hyperexcitability and vulnerability of the central nervous system injury caused by seizure. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações