Under international legal norms, HIV criminalization is considered to be an overly broad use of criminal law. In the United States, at least 33 states have HIV-specific criminal laws. Data from California, Florida, New York, and Texas nurses provided exemplars from different HIV-related criminal law approaches and the impact of those laws on nurses’ practices. Nurses who cared for patients who expressed fears or concerns about HIV criminalization or patients who had been arrested for HIV-related crimes were more likely to correctly identify the presence or absence of HIV-specific laws in the states where they practised, when compared to nurses who did not care for such patients. Lack of knowledge about HIV-related criminal laws may erode the nurse-patient relationship. Jurisdiction specific education should be created and offered to nurses in order to address this knowledge gap and protect the dignity of people living with HIV.

Book Summary: Perspectives on Nursing Theory is a comprehensive anthology of important articles addressing diverse theoretical and philosophical perspectives on the nature of theory and knowledge development in nursing. This informative and contemporary resource features some of the most widely read and cited articles that facilitates thought and discussion among nurses, researchers, students, and teachers.Features 52 of the most widely read and frequently cited articles reflecting seminal, modern, and futuristic perspectives on nursing theory. Includes new articles reflecting current, cutting-edge views of nursing theory and trends. Includes biographical information about each author that provides insight into the author's perspective.

Thesis (MTech (Health and Science))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019 / Malnutrition is a global concern and particularly in children. It impacts negatively on mortality, morbidity, educability and productivity, and it affects millions of children in South Africa. As part of our Millennium Development Goals set by the Department of Health and WHO, it is vital to combat malnutrition by eradicating extreme poverty and hunger. Malnutrition is regarded as a change in nutritional status that carries the penalty of illness, dysfunction or death. Child malnutrition poses one of the biggest challenges in South Africa according to the WHO and has been well documented over the past 20 years. A lack of knowledge from parents or caregivers on the nutritional needs of children and the levels of poverty contribute to childhood malnutrition; the extent of hunger has also been associated with low energy intake, low micronutrient intake and poor income levels. This affects growth patterns negatively. Thus, this study aims to examine the key factors that are causing malnutrition in children in a semi-rural community in the Western Cape. A combination of both qualitative and quantitative research approaches were used. Qualitative data were collected through group interviews and quantitative data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire from 105 parents and caregivers. Thematic content analysis was used for qualitative data analysis and SPSS was used to analyse the quantitative data. The results revealed that the associated factors to malnutrition amongst children six months to five years of age included obesity, underweight, stunting, severe acute malnutrition and moderate acute malnutrition. The results further indicated that the majority of households were single mothers with low income and a poor educational background. This study recommended that health education and health promotion should be done at all heath facilities with regular intervals as well as within the community. Authorities should provide a platform for all clinicians to go for regular updates and to participate in continuous development programmes to combat malnutrition. The findings of this study could contribute to the existing body of knowledge with regard to the factors that contribute to malnutrition. The results could improve health care practices in the communities of the Western Cape and the South African context at large.

INTRODUCTION: Nursing practice is continuously evolving in response to global health care need, sociopolitical culture, and advancing medical knowledge necessitating ongoing evaluation of professional practice. The purpose of this state of this science paper was to explore current perceptions of nursing and critique the depth of knowledge specific to nursing practice in the Appalachian region. METHODOLOGY: A review of the literature in multiple databases was conducted to explore perceptions of nursing in Appalachia. RESULTS: Categories of perception included the following: (a) perceptions of nurses and education leaders that practice in the Appalachian region, (b) perceptions of communities of Appalachia and Appalachian health care systems, and (c) perceptions of patients possessing inherent cultural characteristics of the Appalachian region. DISCUSSION: None of the literature specifically addressed perceptions of nursing. Much of the available literature was over 5 years old. A significant deficiency in understanding perceptions of nursing in Appalachia was identified.

The authors propose connecting the dots among theory, practice, and research by adopting an expanded conceptual-theoretical-empirical structure of nursing knowledge and matrix process to guide the placement of nursing knowledge in a contextual whole. An overview of the theoretical journey of nursing knowledge development is contrasted with the journey from practice resulting in a theory-practice disconnect. Both approaches are united to present an integrated view of the dimensions of the knowledge development of nursing as a professional discipline.

No description available.

The Institute of Medicine identified that 98,000 deaths occur in hospitals each year due to poor decision-making. The need for better understanding of decision-making in patient care is evident. The purpose of this study is to explore nurses' perceptions of clinical decision-making for a patient who experienced a clinical event. The overarching framework for this research is the Effective Nurse to Nurse Communication framework which uses clinical events, or sudden changes in patient condition, to explore nurse communication between nurses who respond to a clinical event and nurses who receive report from the responding nurse about the clinical event. Naturalistic Decision Making is the framework used to explore the decision-making factors used by experienced decision makers in real world conditions. These frameworks provided the basis for data collection, interview question development, and facilitated data analysis. Twenty nurses in an urban acute care hospital were interviewed at their workplace about a patient who had experienced a sudden change in condition in the previous 24 hours. These interviews were transcribed and analyzed using content analysis. Categories that emerged were: Awareness of Patient Status, Nursing Roles (outside of specific patient care), Goals, Education / Certification / Hospital Training to support decision-making, Experience and Decision-Making, Time Pressure, Teamwork / Support from Staff, Resources, Following Established Routine. Patient Education, and Consideration of Options to Meet Goals. Further analysis indicates that elements of decision-making differ between responding and receiving nurses and based on experience level of the nurse. Strengths, limitations, and suggestions for future research are presented.

A expansão do mercado para enfermeiras, em postos de saúde municipais, levou a uma pesquisa para caracterizar a prática desses profissionais em postos de saúde de 22 municípios do Estado do Paraná, e sua relação com a formação profissional e organização dos serviços. São descritos a carga horária e conteúdo das disciplinas de enfermagem de saúde pública, das 7 escolas de enfermagem do Estado, e a existência nas secretarias ou departamentos, de programas, atribuições dos enfermeiros e auxiliares de saúde, manual de normas e procedimentos. Foram entrevistados 117 enfermeiros. A população estudada apresentava como características: ter menos de 5 anos de formação (65,8 por cento ), trabalhar no municipio há menos de 2 anos (58,9 por cento ) e com uma carga horária contratual em maior proporção de 40 horas semanais (47,9 por cento ); o número de enfermeiros com formação específica na área era baixo: habilitação em saúde pública 16,3 por cento e especialização em saúde pública 28,0 por cento . Tinham sob sua supervisão em média 2.1 postos de saúde e 8.4 auxiliares de saÚde. A frequência maior entre as atividades administrativas foi a supervisão (76,0 por cento ); nas assistenciais o atendimento de enfermagem (83,7 por cento ) e nas educativas o treinamento de pessoal (50,4 por cento ). A atividade de pesquisa apresentou baixo percentual (4,2 por cento ). As reuniões em nível central foram as mais frequentes entre as extra-posto de saúde. Os fatores facilitadores do desempenho foram o relacionamento inter-equipe, o apoio institucional e a autonomia e entre os dificultadores a planta fisica, insuficiência de recursos humanos e capacitação insuficiente. Não participavam da programação 23,1 por cento e as atividades com a comunidade foi referida por 56,4 por cento dos entrevistados. Foi avaliado insuficiente o conteúdo teórico e prático da disciplina enfermagem de saúde pública e as sugestões foram para mudanças no conteúdo, carga horária, alocação e integração com outras disciplinas. Os egressos da escola de Enfermagem da Fundação Universidade de Cascavel (FECIVEL) foram os que apresentaram diferenças significativas entre as atividades desenvolvidas em relação às outras escolas. As atividades de supervisão e treinamento de pessoal apresentaram uma forte evidência de que a proporção dos enfermeiros, que desempenham estas atividades nos serviços organizados,é maior que nos serviços não organizados. As atividades com a comunidade e a participação na programação mostraram-se não associadas à organização, sugerindo que as variáveis selecionadas para compor o indicador serviço organizado, parecem ser inadequadas para esta associação. / This research was meant to verify the practice of professionals in health units of 22 municipalities in the state of Paraná. The amount of hours and subject matter content in the public health nursing courses of seven state schools, the availability of health programs in government departments, the duties of nurses and health assistants, and the manual of norms and procedures were checked and presented in this work. 117 nurses interviewed had the following characteristics: less than five years of graduation (65.8 per cent ), less than two years job experience in the municipality (58.9 per cent ), 40 hour weekly work (47.5 per cent ). The nurses with a specialized field of studies in public health (28.0 per cent ) had under their supervision an average of 2.1 health units and 8.4 health assistants. Supervision scored highest within administrative work (76.0 per cent ), nursing scored 83.7 per cent as an assisting work. Within the educational work, personnel training scored 50.4 per cent whereas the research work scored only 4.2 per cent . Among out-of-the-health unit activities, meetings were the most frequent. Facilitating factors of performance were inter-teams relationship, institutional support and autonomy. The impeding factors were the area plan, the lack of human resources and qualification. 39.3 per cent of the informants did not engage in any community program. The theoretical and practical content of the public health nursing càurse was considered insufficient by 33.2 per cent . Suggestions were given as to content, disciplines and amount of hours in the course. The nurses graduated in Faculdade de Educação, Ciências e Letras in the city of Cascavel (FECIVEL) presented significant differences as to their formation and professional practice compared to graduates from other schools. Nevertheless, similarities were found in terms of community participation by graduates from Universidade Federal do Paraná, participation in programs by those from Universidade Católica do Paraná and Centro de Estudos Superiores de Londrina (CESULON), and personnel training by those from Universidade Estadual de Londrina. The relation between practice and organized services also presented differences as to supervision and training. And activities with the community and participation in programs were seen as independent variables in the organization of health services.

Orientador: Erika Verurska Paiva Ortolan / Coorientador: Wilza Carla Spiri / Banca: Carmen Maria Casquel Monti Juliani / Banca: Consuelo Garcia Correa / Banca: Mauro Antonio Pires da Silva / Banca: Paulo Cobellis Gomes / Resumo: A operacionalização da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem (SAE) como metodologia assistencial, pautada no Processo de enfermagem como método científico está presente em forma de Lei do Exercício Profissional (Lei nº 7.498/86), regulamentada pelo Decreto nº 94.406/87 e no Código de Ética dos Profissionais de Enfermagem, devendo ser realizada pelo enfermeiro para garantir uma assistência de qualidade e livre de erros. Com a aplicabilidade do Processo de Enfermagem os enfermeiros se tornam responsáveis, envolvidos e comprometidos com a assistência de enfermagem, demonstram e aprimoram conhecimento técnico científico, tem visão holística do paciente e criam elo de mútuo respeito e confiabilidade. O presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer e compreender as percepções do Enfermeiro Supervisor Técnico de Unidade de Internação quanto à realização diária do Processo de Enfermagem na sua rotina profissional, em um hospital público universitário do interior de São Paulo. A trajetória metodológica adotada foi a vertente da fenomenologia, buscando desvelar o fenômeno, ou seja, buscar a essência, o significado da realidade vivenciada pelos sujeitos do estudo, visando a sua compreensão, o que permitiu o estudo de aspectos subjetivos e abordagem qualitativa. A região de inquérito ou perplexidade da presente pesquisa foi constituída pela situação vivenciada pelos enfermeiros e sua percepção sobre a aplicabilidade do Processo de Enfermagem, na sua rotina diária de trabalho. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram definidos no decorrer do estudo, perfazendo nove depoimentos suficientes para desvelar a essência do fenômeno pesquisado. Todos respondiam pela mesma função, tanto na parte administrativa quanto assistencial, no contexto hospitalar, estavam vinculados a mesma Diretoria Técnica de Serviço, com mais de três anos no cargo, vivenciaram a fase do antes e após implantação... / Abstract: The implementation of Nursing Process as an assistance methodology is a scientific method presents in the Professional Practice Law (Law No. 7.498/86), regulated by Decree No. 94.406/87 and Code Ethics of Professional Nursing. The Nursing Process should be performed by nurses to ensure quality of care. With the applicability of the Nursing Process, nurses become responsible, engaged and committed to nursing, and enhance technical and scientific knowledge, leading to a holistic view of the patient, creating a mutual bond of respect and reliability. The aim of this study was to identify and understand the perceptions of the Nurse Supervisor Technician from inpatient units, regard the daily realization of the Nursing Process in their professional routine, in a public university hospital in São Paulo. The methodology adopted was the phenomenology and qualitative approach, seeking to uncover the phenomenon, i.e., seeking the essence, the meaning of the reality experienced by subjects in order to understand it, which allowed the study of subjective aspects. The area of inquiry of this research was composed by the situation experienced by nurses and their perception of the suit ability of the Nursing Process in their daily work routine. The subjects were defined during the study, resulting in nine statements sufficient to extract the essence of the studied phenomenon. All nurses enrolled in this study, experienced the stage before and after implantation of this method, and assumed the same management and care activities and they were linked hierarchically to the same Board of Technical Service. All subjects answered the same research question. For the analysis of the statements collected, they were transcribed seeking the meaning of the essence, expression of meanings thematizing and interpreting the discourse, seeking convergence, divergence and idiosyncrasies of the meaning units and the synthesis units ... / Doutor

A expansão do mercado para enfermeiras, em postos de saúde municipais, levou a uma pesquisa para caracterizar a prática desses profissionais em postos de saúde de 22 municípios do Estado do Paraná, e sua relação com a formação profissional e organização dos serviços. São descritos a carga horária e conteúdo das disciplinas de enfermagem de saúde pública, das 7 escolas de enfermagem do Estado, e a existência nas secretarias ou departamentos, de programas, atribuições dos enfermeiros e auxiliares de saúde, manual de normas e procedimentos. Foram entrevistados 117 enfermeiros. A população estudada apresentava como características: ter menos de 5 anos de formação (65,8 por cento ), trabalhar no municipio há menos de 2 anos (58,9 por cento ) e com uma carga horária contratual em maior proporção de 40 horas semanais (47,9 por cento ); o número de enfermeiros com formação específica na área era baixo: habilitação em saúde pública 16,3 por cento e especialização em saúde pública 28,0 por cento . Tinham sob sua supervisão em média 2.1 postos de saúde e 8.4 auxiliares de saÚde. A frequência maior entre as atividades administrativas foi a supervisão (76,0 por cento ); nas assistenciais o atendimento de enfermagem (83,7 por cento ) e nas educativas o treinamento de pessoal (50,4 por cento ). A atividade de pesquisa apresentou baixo percentual (4,2 por cento ). As reuniões em nível central foram as mais frequentes entre as extra-posto de saúde. Os fatores facilitadores do desempenho foram o relacionamento inter-equipe, o apoio institucional e a autonomia e entre os dificultadores a planta fisica, insuficiência de recursos humanos e capacitação insuficiente. Não participavam da programação 23,1 por cento e as atividades com a comunidade foi referida por 56,4 por cento dos entrevistados. Foi avaliado insuficiente o conteúdo teórico e prático da disciplina enfermagem de saúde pública e as sugestões foram para mudanças no conteúdo, carga horária, alocação e integração com outras disciplinas. Os egressos da escola de Enfermagem da Fundação Universidade de Cascavel (FECIVEL) foram os que apresentaram diferenças significativas entre as atividades desenvolvidas em relação às outras escolas. As atividades de supervisão e treinamento de pessoal apresentaram uma forte evidência de que a proporção dos enfermeiros, que desempenham estas atividades nos serviços organizados,é maior que nos serviços não organizados. As atividades com a comunidade e a participação na programação mostraram-se não associadas à organização, sugerindo que as variáveis selecionadas para compor o indicador serviço organizado, parecem ser inadequadas para esta associação. / This research was meant to verify the practice of professionals in health units of 22 municipalities in the state of Paraná. The amount of hours and subject matter content in the public health nursing courses of seven state schools, the availability of health programs in government departments, the duties of nurses and health assistants, and the manual of norms and procedures were checked and presented in this work. 117 nurses interviewed had the following characteristics: less than five years of graduation (65.8 per cent ), less than two years job experience in the municipality (58.9 per cent ), 40 hour weekly work (47.5 per cent ). The nurses with a specialized field of studies in public health (28.0 per cent ) had under their supervision an average of 2.1 health units and 8.4 health assistants. Supervision scored highest within administrative work (76.0 per cent ), nursing scored 83.7 per cent as an assisting work. Within the educational work, personnel training scored 50.4 per cent whereas the research work scored only 4.2 per cent . Among out-of-the-health unit activities, meetings were the most frequent. Facilitating factors of performance were inter-teams relationship, institutional support and autonomy. The impeding factors were the area plan, the lack of human resources and qualification. 39.3 per cent of the informants did not engage in any community program. The theoretical and practical content of the public health nursing càurse was considered insufficient by 33.2 per cent . Suggestions were given as to content, disciplines and amount of hours in the course. The nurses graduated in Faculdade de Educação, Ciências e Letras in the city of Cascavel (FECIVEL) presented significant differences as to their formation and professional practice compared to graduates from other schools. Nevertheless, similarities were found in terms of community participation by graduates from Universidade Federal do Paraná, participation in programs by those from Universidade Católica do Paraná and Centro de Estudos Superiores de Londrina (CESULON), and personnel training by those from Universidade Estadual de Londrina. The relation between practice and organized services also presented differences as to supervision and training. And activities with the community and participation in programs were seen as independent variables in the organization of health services.