Total hip replacement is one of the most extensively and highly effective operating methods in orthopaedics. The patients are brought back the self-sufficiency, life without the pain and noticeably motion restriction. Irreplaceable function here is a role of the nurse, who helps the patient to return back to his common life...The aim of this work was to find out, how the patients feel the role of the nurse and its influence to given nursing care before and after the total hip replacement as the less fulfilled. There were following research questions set: How the patients feel the role of the nurse before and after the total hip replacement? How the patients before and after the total hip replacement feel the interpretation of the nurse roles? How the patients before and after the total hip replacement feel the role of the nurse and its influence to given nursing care. Which of the nurse roles are felt by the patient as the unsatisfactory in postoperative care? The patients before and after the total hip replacement feel through the everyday nurse activities the nurse in her role of the caregiver and education giving person, following the nurse vindicator and the nurse bearer of changes. The patients feel the care thanks these roles as a quality, holistic and continual. Nevertheless was the role of the education giving named as the least fulfilled. In connection with these research results was created a manual, a Guide book for the patients before and after the total hip replacement. This Guide book was given to testing purposes. This Guide book was appreciated by the patients very positive despite a large amount of information, which were surprising for many of them. We gained some data, which gave the impulse to complete the information in the Guide.The created Guide book can´t replace the effective communication of the patient with the medical staff, which could be always the most suitable "source" of information.

Este estudo se insere na linha de pesquisa Fundamentos e Práticas de Enfermagem em Saúde da Mulher, Criança e Adolescente e está vinculado ao Grupo de Estudos do Cuidado à Saúde nas Etapas da Vida (CEVIDA) do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Aborda a sexualidade na juventude na perspectiva do referencial da vulnerabilidade e do cuidado em saúde. O objetivo foi conhecer e interpretar as experiências dos jovens no campo da sexualidade, as informações em saúde recebidas e as situações de vulnerabilidade. Utilizou uma abordagem qualitativa, tendo como participantes 20 jovens vinculados ao Programa Pro-Jovem Adolescente de uma cidade do interior do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A coleta das informações ocorreu em duas fases. Na primeira, realizou-se uma dinâmica que utiliza uma história para ilustrar a relação afetiva entre dois jovens e um questionário sobre as características sociais dos jovens e suas principais atividades. Na segunda, realizou-se entrevista semiestruturada com cinco questões abertas sobre as experiências, as informações e as situações de vulnerabilidade dos jovens. Utilizou-se a análise temática para a interpretação das informações e os resultados estão organizados em torno de quatro categorias e as subcategorias. O estudo obteve aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da UFRGS parecer nº 21840. As experiências dos jovens foram reveladas por meio do namoro, do ficar, dos beijos, das relações sexuais e dos projetos de vida. Todas caminham na direção da construção de si, por meio dos processos de autonomia e gestão do cotidiano. Mostraram-se distantes dos conhecimentos técnico-científicos, uma vez que as relações como o namoro e o ficar são pouco exploradas pelos profissionais de saúde e educação. As informações em saúde são oriundas dos amigos, dos familiares e das suas experiências sexuais. Também, por vezes são esquecidas durante suas vivências no campo da sexualidade. As situações de vulnerabilidade mostraram-se como possibilidades de renovação das práticas de cuidado em saúde, na medida em que destacam como fragilidades as relações familiares, de gênero e violência e, especialmente a dimensão programática relacionada às ações em saúde. A invisibilidade do campo da saúde pauta-se no foco restrito às dimensões biológicas, com informações básicas e genéricas e pouca participação dos profissionais de saúde. Essas situações levam o jovem ao processo de ressignificação das informações em saúde, produzindo um conhecimento diferente. Os resultados revelam o distanciamento do conhecimento cientifico das experiências relativas à sexualidade dos jovens e indicam possibilidades de renovação das práticas de saúde. Recomendam um cuidado voltado aos fundamentos do ser, contemplando suas características sociais e culturais. Nesse sentido, apontam para o restabelecimento do diálogo e à valorização do saber da experiência como horizontes de cuidado. / This study is inserted in the line of research of Nursing Fundaments and Practices on the Woman´s, Child´s and Adolescent´s Health and it is linked to the Group of Studies on Health Care over the Life Stages (CEVIDA) held by the Nursing Post-Graduation Program at the Nursing School of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (FRGS). It approaches sexuality in the youth in the perspective of the vulnerability and health care referrals. The objective was learning and interpreting the youngsters´ experiences in the sexuality field, the information received on health and the vulnerability situations. By means of a qualitative approach, it counted on the participation of 20 youngsters enrolled in the Pro-Adolescent Youngster Program from an inland city in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The collection of information occurred upon two stages. In the first one, a dynamics took place by utilizing a history in order to illustrate the affective relationship between two youngsters and a questionnaire about the social characteristics of the youngsters and their main activities. Upon the second stage, a semi-structured interview was carried out with five open questions about the youngsters´ experiences, information and vulnerability situations. One utilized the thematic analysis in order to interpret the information and the results have been organized into four categories and subcategories. The study received the approval of the Ethics Committee for Research of UFRGS according to the opinion no. 21840. The youngsters have revealed their experiences within the topics of dating, staying with someone, kisses, sexual relations and life projects. All of them run in the direction of constructing oneself by means of processes such as autonomy and day-to-day life management. They have showed themselves far from technical and scientific knowledge since relationships like dating and staying with someone are less exploited by health and education professionals. Health information is obtained from friends, family members and from their sexual experiences. They are also sometimes forgotten during the youngsters´ experiences in the sexuality field. Vulnerability situations have shown themselves as possibilities of renewing health care practices when they point out fragilities among family, gender and violence relations and especially the programmatic dimension related to health actions. The invisibility of the health field is regarded in the focus restricted to the biological dimensions with basic and general information and less participation of health professionals. These situations lead the youngster to the process of giving a new meaning to the health information by producing a different knowledge. The results reveal the distance from the scientific knowledge about the experiences regarding the sexuality of the youngsters and indicate possibilities of renewing health practices. They recommend a care addressed to the fundaments of the subject by contemplating his social and cultural characteristics. In this sense, they point onto re-establishing the dialogue and to the valuation of the experience knowledge as care horizons. / Este estudio se inserta dentro de la línea de pesquisa Fundamentos y Prácticas de Enfermería en Salud de la Mujer, Niño y Adolescente y está vinculado al Grupo de Estudios del Cuidado a la Salud en las Etapas de la Vida (CEVIDA) del Programa de Posgrado en Enfermería de la Escuela de Enfermería de la Universidad Federal del Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Aborda la sexualidad en la juventud desde la perspectiva del referencial de la vulnerabilidad y del cuidado en salud. El objetivo fue conocer e interpretar las experiencias de los jóvenes en el campo de la sexualidad, las informaciones en salud recibidas y las situaciones de vulnerabilidad. Se lo u utilizó un abordaje cualitativo, con la participación de 20 jóvenes vinculados al Programa Pro-Joven Adolescente de una ciudad del interior del Estado del Rio Grande do Sul. La recolección de las informaciones se dio en dos fases. En la primera, se realizó una dinámica que utiliza una historia para ilustrar la relación afectiva entre dos jóvenes y un cuestionario acerca de las características sociales de los jóvenes y sus principales actividades. En la segundan, se realizo entrevista semi-estructurada con cinco cuestiones abiertas sobre las experiencias, las informaciones y las situaciones de vulnerabilidad de los jóvenes. Se lo utilizó el análisis temático para la interpretación de las informaciones y los resultados están organizados alrededor de cuatro categorías y las sub-categorías. El estudio obtuve la aprobación del Comité de Ética en Pesquisa de la UFRGS, parecer nº 21840. Las experiencias de los jóvenes se revelaron por medio del noviazgo, del quedarse con alguien, de los besos, de las relaciones sexuales y de los proyectos de vida. Todas caminan en la dirección de la construcción de si, por medio de los procesos de autonomía y gestión del cotidiano. Se mostraron distantes de los conocimientos técnicos y científicos, una vez que las relaciones como el noviazgo y el quedarse son poco exploradas por los profesionales de salud y educación. Las informaciones en salud son oriundas de los amigos, de los familiares y das sus experiencias sexuales. También, a veces son olvidadas durante sus vivencias en el campo de la sexualidad. Las situaciones de vulnerabilidad se mostraron como posibilidades de renovación de las prácticas de cuidado en salud, en la medida en que destacan como fragilidades las relaciones familiares, de género y violencia y, especialmente la dimensión programática relacionada a las acciones en salud. La invisibilidad del campo de la salud se define por el foco restricto a las dimensiones biológicas, con informaciones básicas y genéricas y poca participación de los profesionales de salud. Estas situaciones llevan el joven al proceso de re-significación de las informaciones en salud, produciendo un conocimiento diferente. Los resultados revelan el distanciamiento del conocimiento científico de las experiencias relativas a la sexualidad de los jóvenes e indican posibilidades de renovación de las prácticas de salud. Recomiendan un cuidado vuelto a los fundamentos del ser, contemplando sus características sociales y culturales. En ese sentido, apuntan para el restablecimiento del diálogo y la valorización del saber de la experiencia como horizontes de cuidado.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-06T17:29:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Ana Paula Albuquerque.pdf: 545006 bytes, checksum: 13e9e703c0e1c3cca5435d26360ba9de (MD5) license.txt: 1914 bytes, checksum: 7d48279ffeed55da8dfe2f8e81f3b81f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Fernandes Figueira. Departamento de Ensino. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e da Mulher. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. / Estudo transversal, de abordagem quantitativa, para aplicação de um instrumento de medida de carga de trabalho. Foi realizado na Unidade Neonatal Cirúrgica do Instituto Fernandes Figueira, no período de 03 de julho de 2009 a 31 de agosto de 2009. Teve como objetivo avaliar a carga de trabalho da unidade neo cirúrgica através do instrumento NAS (Nursing Activities Score). Reviu-se a literatura sobre carga de trabalho, relacionando com dimensionamento de pessoal de enfermagem. A amostra foi composta por 23 RN que sofreram intervenção cirúrgica e que permaneceram internados por um período mínimo de 24h. O NAS foi aplicado 904 vezes na unidade estudada. Foi utilizado um tutorial para a melhor interpretação das atividades do NAS que facilitou a compreensão do instrumento. A pontuação média do NAS foi 77,2. Em média, 77% do tempo de um profissional de enfermagem é dedicado aos cuidados dos RN na unidade. Considerando que cada ponto NAS equivale a 14.4min, foi identificada na pesquisa, uma média de 18,5h de assistência por RN/24h. O valor médio para a equipe de enfermagem calculada pela pontuação NAS através da fórmula utilizada por Fugulin foi 36,9 profissionais. Em média, a equipe disponível no serviço foi de 24 profissionais. O número médio de profissionais projetado pelo instrumento NAS foi 54% mais elevado do que no quadro de profissionais de enfermagem disponível na unidade estudada. Isso indica que nessa unidade deve haver sobrecarga de trabalho. / Cross-sectional study of quantitative approach to implementation of an instrument for measuring workload. Was conducted at the Neonatal Surgical Fernandes Figueira Institute, the period of 03 July 2009 to August 31, 2009. Was to evaluate the workload of the unit neo surgical instrument through the NAS (Nursing Activities Score). We review the literature on workload in relation to dimensioning of nursing staff. The sample consisted of 23 infants who underwent surgery and remained hospitalized for a minimum of 24 hours. NAS was applied 904 times in the unit studied. We used a tutorial for the best interpretation of the activities of the NAS that facilitated the understanding of the instrument. The average score of NAS was 77,2. On average, 77% of the time of a nursing professional is dedicated to the care of newborns in the unit. Since each point equals NAS 14.4min, was identified in the survey, an average of 18,5 hours of assistance RN / 24h.The average value for the nursing staff NAS score calculated by the formula used by professionals Fugulin was 36.9. On average, the team was available in the service of 24 professionals. The average number of professional instrument designed by the NAS was 54% higher than in the context of nurses available in the unit studied. This indicates that this unit should be no work overload.

PEREIRA, Maria Dayse. Ética da alteridade no cuidado de enfermagem em hospital de ensino no Ceará. 2009. 106 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Políticas Públicas e Gestão da Educação Superior) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Políticas Públicas e Gestão da Educação Superior, Fortaleza-CE, 2009. / Submitted by moises gomes (celtinha_malvado@hotmail.com) on 2012-06-21T15:27:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_MDPereira.pdf: 1453271 bytes, checksum: 8f1c8fd3aaa3b1ac3b2a790c6b761ded (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-06-25T11:08:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_MDPereira.pdf: 1453271 bytes, checksum: 8f1c8fd3aaa3b1ac3b2a790c6b761ded (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-06-25T11:08:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_MDPereira.pdf: 1453271 bytes, checksum: 8f1c8fd3aaa3b1ac3b2a790c6b761ded (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / The practice of ethical Nursing care within health services, particularly in public hospitals of Education, comes as part of collective work in health, incorporating technical, managerial, educational, social and political. The ethical dimension of alterity of care in this work scene, assumes the configuration of an attitude of respect and welcome the other, and promotes a continous refletction and changing of attitude of nursing professionals. The aim of this study is to understand the design ethic of care in the daily experience of nursing in the University Public Hospital, with ethical discussion of radical alterity in Emmanuel Lévinas. Descriptive in nature, this study is based on the Hermeneutic-phenomenology, with a qualitative approach. The seizure of the empirical data was achieved with nine nurses of the hospital staff, using the technique of individual interview. The analysis revealed evidence of three areas: care, ethics and otherness of Nursing. Under such dimensions, the data analysis allowed us to identify the importance of ethics of alterity in nursing care, the search for the organization of the care and management, the training, the interdisciplinarity of the shares through the mobilization and articulation of knowledge, the ethical and responsible care, the attitude of understanding the importance of quality care, the commitment to the subjectivity of care, highlighted by the interviewees. However, these workers live, now, with the contradictions inherent in the process of their work, emphasizing the care model that persists in transit between the model and fully functional in form and curative hospital. The management model prints, even today, the characteristics of mechanistic and fragmented work, the multidisciplinary and its relationship with the hierarchy of care, rather than interdisciplinarity; the suffering occupational derivative inadequate working conditions; progressive deficit of the workforce and increased absenteeism, and change the current organizational structure to support the tension between the handle and manage. Because of this scenario, it can be concluded that the Nursing resist, so purposeful, to these challenges, with strong evidence on ethical alterity of care. This trend can express the reflection for the reinvention of the social practice of care, beyond the classical approach of partial care for the size of alterity ethics of care / A prática de cuidado ético de Enfermagem no âmbito dos serviços de saúde, especificamente nos hospitais públicos de ensino, se insere como parte do trabalho coletivo na área de saúde, incorporando aspectos técnico, gerencial, pedagógico, social e político. A dimensão ética da alteridade do cuidado, neste cenário laboral, assume a configuração de uma atitude de respeito e acolhimento do outro, ensejando a continua reflexão e mudança de atitude dos profissionais de Enfermagem. O objetivo deste estudo é compreender a concepção ética do cuidado na experiência cotidiana de Enfermagem no hospital público universitário, com discussão ética da alteridade radical em Emmanuel Lévinas. De caráter descritivo, este estudo se fundamenta na fenomenologia Hermenêutica, com abordagem qualitativa. A apreensão dos dados empíricos se concretizou junto a nove enfermeiros do quadro funcional do hospital, com a utilização da técnica de entrevista individual. A análise dos depoimentos evidenciou três eixos temáticos: cuidado, ética e alteridade de Enfermagem. Sob tais dimensões, os dados analisados permitiram identificar a importância da Ética da alteridade no cuidado de Enfermagem, a busca da organização do processo de cuidar e da gestão, o aperfeiçoamento profissional, a interdisciplinaridade das ações mediante a mobilização e articulação de saberes, o cuidado responsável e ético, a atitude de entender a importância da qualidade assistencial, o compromisso com a subjetividade do cuidado, ressaltados pelos entrevistados. Estes profissionais, todavia, convivem, atualmente, com as contradições inerentes ao seu processo de trabalho, acentuando o modelo assistencial que persiste em transitar entre o modelo funcional e integral, nos moldes curativista e hospitalocêntrico. O modelo a gestão imprime, ainda hoje, as características do trabalho mecanicista e fragmentado; a multidisciplinaridade e sua relação direta com a hierarquização do cuidado, em detrimento da interdisciplinaridade; o sofrimento ocupacional derivado das condições laborais inadequadas; deficit progressivo da força de trabalho e absenteísmo crescente; e mudança atual da estrutura organizacional, no que concorrem para a tensão entre o cuidar e gerenciar. Em decorrência deste cenário, é possível concluir que a Enfermagem resiste, de forma propositiva, a estes desafios, revelando acentuado indício ético em relação à alteridade do cuidado. Esta tendência poderá expressar a reflexão para a reinvenção da prática social do cuidar, transcendendo a clássica atitude do cuidado parcelar para a dimensão da alteridade do cuidado ético.

Este estudo foi de natureza qualitativa e utilizou como referencial teórico o Interacionismo simbólico e metodológico a Teoria Fundamentada em Dados. Objetivou-se desenvolver um modelo de cuidado espiritual para os pacientes e seus familiares no enfrentamento de situações de adoecimento. O estudo foi realizado em Hospital Universitário do sul do Brasil, com seis enfermeiras e quatro técnicas de enfermagem, com um ano ou mais de experiência na área de atuação e que estavam exercendo suas atividades. Para coleta dos dados utilizou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada do tipo intensivo e um grupo de expertise, com quatro participantes para validação do Modelo, no período de março a maio de 2016. Os preceitos éticos foram seguidos e obtidas as assinaturas de todas as participantes no Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. A coleta e análise dos dados ocorreram de forma concomitante de acordo com o método. Na análise dos dados aplicaram-se as etapas da Teoria Fundamentada em Dados que prevê a codificação inicial, focalizada, axial e teórica. Os significados, pressupostos, ações e resultantes identificados a partir das experiências e vivências das participantes no cuidado aos pacientes e seus familiares foram descritas nas categorias Situando a espiritualidade no seu viver e as subcategorias “Reconhecendo a espiritualidade como uma necessidade e complemento” e “Caminhando na espiritualidade”. Exercitando a espiritualidade na vida e as subcategorias “Praticando a espiritualidade ao seu modo”, “Percebendo a espiritualidade como uma opção de vida”, “Respeitando as crenças do outro”, “Encontrando a espiritualidade na maneira de agir e pensar”. Percebendo o papel da equipe de enfermagem no cuidado espiritual e as subcategorias “Advogando os direitos do paciente e em prol da profissão”, “Conversando sobre espiritualidade”, “Preparando a equipe de enfermagem”, “Cuidando no processo e morte e morrer”, “Limitando o cuidado pelas crenças pessoais, organizacionais e religiosas”. Identificando as manifestações das necessidades espirituais e as subcategorias “Identificando as formas de enfrentamento do sofrimento” e “Acontecendo: o momento de atender as necessidades”. Colocando a espiritualidade como prioridade no cuidado e as subcategorias “Acolhendo os pacientes e familiares”, “Utilizando práticas integrativas”, “Rezando com o paciente”, “Confortando por meio da espiritualidade” e “Continuando a acreditar todos os dias”. A integração destas categorias possibilitou identificar a categoria central Ressignificando o adoecimento e o desenvolvimento do modelo de cuidado espiritual. Além disso, foi desenvolvida uma versão prática do modelo. O estudo originou uma compreensão e interpretação conceitual e prática sobre o tema espiritualidade na enfermagem e foram delineadas as conexões entre a equipe de enfermagem e os pacientes e familiares no momento do cuidado espiritual. / This study was a qualitative approach, which used the theoretical symbolic interactionism and the Grounded Theory as methodological benchmarks. The purpose was to develop a spiritual model of care for patients and their relatives when confronting situations of illness. The study was conducted in a University Hospital in the south of Brazil and involved six nurses and four certified nurse practitioner, whose had one year or over of experience in the operating area and were performing their activities. In order to collect data, we used semi-structured interviews of intensive type and an expertise group, composed of four participants, with sights to validate the Model, during the period between March and May 2016. The ethical precepts were followed, and then we obtained the signatures of all participants in the Free and Informed Consent Form. The collection and analysis of data took place concomitantly in line with the method. When analyzing data, we applied the steps of the Grounded Theory, which foresees the initial, focused, axial and theoretical coding. The meanings, assumptions, actions and outcomes identified from the experiences and backgrounds of the participants in the care of patients and their relatives were described in the categories “Situating the spirituality in your daily life” and the subcategories “Recognizing the spirituality as a need and complement” and “Walking in the spirituality”. “Exercising the spirituality in life” and the subcategories “Practicing the spirituality in my own way”, “Perceiving the spirituality as a life choice”, “Respecting the beliefs of others”, Finding the spirituality in the way of acting and thinking”. “Perceiving the role of the nursing team in the spiritual care” and the subcategories “Advocating the patient’s rights and for the promotion of the profession”, “Talking about spirituality”, “Preparing the nursing team”, “Caring for in the process of death and dying”, “Limiting care through the personal, organizational and religious beliefs”. “Identifying the manifestations of the spiritual needs” and the subcategories “Identifying the ways of confronting the suffering” and “Happening: the time to meet the needs”. “Placing the spirituality as a priority in the care” and the subcategories “Welcoming the patients and relatives”, “Using integrative practices”, “Praying together with the patient”, “Comforting through the spirituality” and “Continuing to believe every day”. The integration of these categories has enabled us to identify the central category “Resignifying the illness”, as well as to develop a spiritual care model. In addition, we have developed a practical version of the model. The study gave rise to a practical and conceptual understanding and interpretation about the issue of spirituality in nursing, and then we drew up the connections between the nursing team and the patients and their relatives at the time of the spiritual care.

The thesis deals with specific nursing care for children with facial cleft anomalies. Facial clefts belong to frequent congenital anomalies with incidence of 1 : 500 in lively born children, which is why adequate care has to be provided to these children to honour the founder of Czech plastic surgery Prof. František Burian. Two goals were set in this thesis. The first goal was to elaborate a proposal of a nursing procedure for children with facial cleft. The other goal was to elaborate an educational programme for nurses and parents of children with facial cleft anomalies. Both the goals have been achieved. Two hypotheses were set in this thesis: Hypothesis No. 1 ?Nurses working at a specialized department are sufficiently informed on the care about children with facial cleft anomalies?. Hypothesis No. 2 ?Nurses working at maternity wards are sufficiently informed on the care about children with facial cleft anomalies?. Two research questions were also set before the research itself: Research question No. 1: How do nurses provide specific nursing care to children with facial cleft anomalies? Research question No. 2: What principles do nurses consider important for the care about children with facial cleft anomalies? The questionnaire, interview and observation methods were used for data collection. The questionnaire was based on information obtained from literature and was designed for ward nurses. The interview was prepared upon own experience from observation of nurses in the Královské Vinohrady University Hospital in the Centre for Cleft Anomalies Treatment and upon information from literature. 60 questionnaires were distributed in the České Budějovice Hospital in March 2011. There were 47 completed questionnaires suitable for processing. 11 questionnaires were distributed in the Královské Vinohrady University Hospital in March 2011. 9 completed questionnaires were used for processing. The research sample for the interview consisted of 11 nurses working in the Královské Vinohrady University Hospital, the Centre for Cleft Anomalies Treatment, the Paediatric ICU and the Paediatric ward. The results show that the nurses working at maternity wards are sufficiently informed. The results also show how nurses provide specific nursing care and what principles they consider important. We have elaborated educational programmes for parents and nurses within the set goals and upon the interviews with nurses, which may help improve the nursing care and particularly teach parents to care about their children with facial cleft properly.

The Diploma Thesis deals thematically with the specifics of nursing care specialized in accommodating the needs of children in nurseries from the perspective of nurses. Nurseries are medical facilities for children from birth to three years of age. In some cases, children may stay in a nursery beyond the age of three years, e.g., if they wait until arrangements have been made for their sibling, so that they could be allocated to the same foster family of children?s home together. The specifics of nursing care for children in nurseries vary according to their age and needs. Regular regimen has to consist of time intervals for feeding, playtime, outdoor activities, sleep, and daily hygiene. It is thereof necessary to observe a certain routine schedule and build up a sense of order in the children from very early age. Dunovský divides children?s needs into biological, psychological, social, and developmental needs. The children?s needs are described as variable at the different stages of their development. Their biological needs, however, are constant and require full satisfaction for undisturbed development of every child. The objective of the Thesis is to find out whether the children?s needs are properly satisfied from the perspective of the nurses who work in such nurseries. With this aim in mind, we have set out four research questions, all of which we have been able to answer successfully. For the purposes of our study, we applied qualitative research methods, specifically, the method of structured interviews. During the interviews, the respondents answered 32 prepared questions. The research team was comprised of general and pediatric nurses from seven locations of the Children?s Centers in Jihlava, Znojmo, Strakonice, Prague, and Dvůr Králové, and from the Children?s Homes in Kamenice nad Lipou and Stránčice. The interviews were transcribed into casuistry and processed further as categorization tables. The survey revealed that the nurses at the nurseries under study were satisfying the children?s biological, psychological, as well as social needs to the extent of their best conscience, human resources availability, and the technical provisions of their respective workstations. The children in their care could be attended to even better, if there were more personnel, a new gym, swimming pool, and another pavilion, where the children could be transferred after reaching the age of six years. Based on the results of the survey, an information flyer has been drawn up containing compiled information for the public as to the role and function of nurseries and available options in the area of foster family care. The Thesis might also be used as educational material by medical/nursing staff members in the Czech Republic, and raise awareness about any existing shortcomings in the care for these children.

The thesis is focused on a research and the evaluation of the nurse role during the invasive methods in chronic pain treatment and on a research the patient satisfaction and expectation with the nurses approach during the invasive methods in chronic pain treatment. The basis for the thesis processing is qualitative ? quantitative research carried out in the departments of pain treatment in four hospitals, in University Hospital Motol, University Hospital Brno, Hospital České Budějovice a.s., University Hospital PlzeňAlejSvobody. Qualitative research focuses on nurses working in the department of pain treatment using a method of questioning with the technique of non-standardized interview. Within qualitative research, we was looking for the answer to the research question: What is the nurse role during the invasive technique in chronic pain treatment? It was found, from the results of the interviews and their analysis, that nurses have within the invasive performance wide field of action and their role is changing in various stages of the entire performance. In all phases of the invasive performance, it´s essential the communication between the nurse and the patient. In the phase before the invasive performance and afterwards is the most dominated the educational role, except for the nursing role. Quantitative research using the questionnaire was intended for patients in the departments of pain treatment. The following predetermined hypothesis were verified using quantitative research: H1: Patients are satisfied with the nurses approach during the invasive techniques in pain treatment. H2: Patients with chronic pain during the invasive methods are expecting especially the empathetic approach from nurses. Evaluation of the questionnaires, which were voluntarily completed by patients, can be ended that both given hypothesis H1 and H2 have been confirmed and that the targets of qualitative researches have been met. The space for improvement can be found in the patient education before the invasive performance. Therefore We created educational material for patients. This educational material is not intended to replace the education conducted by nurses, it rather serves as a basis for the questions preparation that the patient will want to clarify before the invasive performance.

Burn trauma is very stressing for patients physically due to the high level of pain, damage to the skin and risk of infection, and also from a psycho-social perspective. There are currently several facilities dedicated to burn therapy. These are staffed by quality personnel with a high level of experience, who increase the hopes of patients to achieve better living conditions. Therapy depends on the extent of the handicap as well as other factors affecting the individual. Extensive burns require treatment in specialized facilities, where the patient is subject to a demanding and long-term therapy. Such patients are subject to multiple surgical procedures in total anaesthesia. The burn trauma has many complications during the healing process. The physician together with the nurse care for the patient and play a crucial role in this process. The patient will is subject to a long-term rehabilitation and complicated reintegration into society. We carried out a quantitative examination by means of 65 questionnaires handed out to general nurses, of which 58 could be used. The objectives of the thesis were met. We defined five hypotheses: H1: Nurses observe the principles of care for patients with burn trauma. H2: Nurses are aware of the effectiveness of rehabilitation treatment when caring for clients with burn trauma. H3: It is easier for nurses to provide care to patients with burn trauma if the patient is lying on an air bed as opposed to a standard bed. H4: Nurses cooperate with a clinical psychologist when caring for a patient with burn trauma. H5: Nurses cooperate with a nutrition therapist when caring for a patient with burn trauma. All the hypotheses were confirmed except hypothesis H3, which was disconfirmed. The research examination showed that nurses adhere to the principles of hygienic care for patients with burn trauma, and that they are aware of the effectiveness of rehabilitation treatment in burn care. Care for patients on an air bed is not easier for nurses than on a standard bed. On the contrary, it is physically more demanding. It was further confirmed that nurses cooperate with a clinical psychologist as well as a nutrition therapist when caring for patients with burn trauma. The diploma thesis is elaborated in such a way so that it can be used to create and present a standard, which will help to improve care for patients with burn trauma.

The topic of the thesis is the Nursing Care Particularities in Children Admitted to Hospital with Autism. In the theoretical part is found the description of autism causes, clinical manifestation, diagnostics, basic therapeutic measures and nursing care in such children. The thesis has set three goals: Goal 1- finding out problems concerning the hospital admittance of an autistic child. Goal 2- determining the specific features of nursing care in children with autism. Goal 3- creating an informative brochure that would help nurses to gain basic information necessary to provide expert nursing care to autistic children. To gain these goals, a method of qualitative research and the technique of standardized interviews were used. In the frame of the research, two research samples were used. The first one consisted of nurses who work in children´s psychiatric wards and children´s neurologic wards. These nurses were chosen deliberately as they care about autistic children regularly and have a lot of experience in this branch. Altogether ten interviews were conducted and were recorded on the record keeping sheet and consequently processed. The other research sample were mothers of children in whom autism was diagnosed and who experienced hospital admittance either as a diagnostic stay or in connection with acute treatment. Also here ten interviews were conducted. After the completion of qualitative research answers to the set research questions were gained: Research question 1 finds out what are the specific features of nursing care in children with autism. On the basis of the research, it was concluded that nursing care in autistic children has some specific features such as communication, observing rituals, the necessity of a parent´s company, as well as the psychical burden both of children and staff. Research question 2 focused on finding what problems are connected with the hospital admittance of an autistic child. On the basis of the conducted interviews, it was concluded that the biggest problems concerning hospital admittance apply to children´s aggressivity, difficult adaptability to environment changes and problems that occur after the experienced admittance. Further on, it was concluded that also children´s individuality is a serious problem that has to be taken into consideration during nursing care. Research question 3 found out how nurses assess parent´s presence during the admittance of autistic children. All nurses perceive the parent´s presence highly positively. They see the most benefits in passing important information to nurses, accompanying the child during the whole period of admittance, helping with the adaptation to a new environment, providing the common daily care including spending free time and giving the child the feeling of safety and assurance. Research question 4 deals with nurses´ feelings when nursing autistic children. The provided information is individual. The research has found that nurses feel well, do not see problems and the work is routine for them. Negative feelings are influenced by circumstances concerning mood, tiredness or demanding communication with parents. Further, it was concluded that nurses feel insecurity in the period when they start working with autistic children or during the first contact with the child. With regard to high disorder prevalence in the population, it is essential for nurses to know basic information concerning autism and adopt the basis of nursing care in children with this disability type. In this connection, an information material was created that has to help nurses to acquire basic information necessary to provide expert care to autistic children.