Bakgrund: Illamående kan uppkomma av många olika orsaker. En av dessa är illamående som uppkommer som en biverkning till cytostatikabehandling. Illamående är en känd biverkning av cytostatikabehandling, varför patienter som ska påbörja och genomgår behandling mot cancer erhåller profylaktisk antiemetikabehandling. Illamående kan få konsekvenser som försämrad nutritionsstatus, elektrolytrubbningar och i vissa fall kan patienten vilja avbryta sin behandling på grund av att illamåendet blir för jobbigt. Trots antiemetika fortsätter illamående att vara ett stort problem vid cytostatikabehandling. Syfte: Att beskriva olika omvårdnadsåtgärder som kan användas som ett komplement till antiemetika vid behandling av illamående orsakat av cytostatika. Metod: En litteraturstudie med grund i analys av kvantitativ forskning genomfördes. Resultat: Sökningar resulterade i fem omvårdnadsåtgärder: progressiv muskelavslappning, tillskott av ingefära, proteintillskott och ingefärskapslar, intag av druvjuice och musikterapi och bildspråk. Alla omvårdnadsåtgärder visade på en effekt på illamåendet i positiv riktning. Dock var resultaten motsägande inom vissa interventioner. Slutsats: Progressiv muskelavslappning, ingefära, druvjuice och musik och bildspråk kan eventuellt, som ett komplement till antiemetika, reducera illamående orsakat av cytostatikabehandling ytterligare. Dock krävs ytterligare forskning inom alla omvårdnadsåtgärder, då befintlig forskning ger otillräckliga eller motsägande resultat. Klinisk betydelse: Då antiemetika inte ger en fullgod effekt mot illamående kan omvårdnadsåtgärder fungera som ett komplement för att minska illamåendet ytterligare. / Background: There are many things that can cause nausea. One of these is chemotherapy. One of the most feared side-effects of chemotherapy is nausea. Untreated, nausea may give rise to consequences such as malnutrition, electrolyte imbalance and in some cases the patient might want to terminate their treatment because the nausea is unbearable. Nausea is a known side-effect to chemotherapy, and patients receive prophylactic antiemetic drugs. Even though patients receive antiemetic drugs, nausea keeps on being a problem while undergoing chemotherapy. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe different nursing interventions which can be used as a complement to antiemetic drugs. Method: A literature review with a basis in quantitative analyses was conducted. Results: Searches resulted in five nursing interventions: progressive muscle relaxation, ginger, protein and ginger, grape juice and music therapy and visual imagery. All of the five nursing interventions pointed towards a positive effect on nausea. But for some interventions contradictory studies were found that wasn’t as positive of the studied intervention. Conclusion: Progressive muscle relaxation, ginger, protein and ginger, grape juice and music therapy and visual imagery, might, as a complement to antiemetic drugs, reduce chemotherapy induced nausea even further than just antiemetic drugs. But more research in this area is needed, while existing research is insufficient. Clinical significance: While antiemetic drugs aren’t sufficient in treating chemotherapy induced nausea, nursing interventions can serve as a complement to reduce nausea even further.

Adolescent oncology pati ents face a unique set of obstacles in coping with the diagnosis and treatment related issues of cancer. Due to their developmental stages and tasks treatment and care must be tailored to their unique needs. Many interventions have been developed and studied in an effort to promote coping strategies in this special population. This integrated literature review examines evidence regarding nonpharmacologic interventions for coping published between 1999 and 2009. Symptom and stress management, patient education, and procedure management interventions were examined. Although no single intervention was shown to completely assuage distress, most interventions had a favorable impact.

The infusion of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in the home setting requires a critical nursing assessment and interventions aimed at managing and preventing the escalation of adverse events. Some patients experience side effects that necessitate a rapid response by field nurses, requiring standing orders for nursing administration and the availability of essential medications to alleviate symptoms in the patient's home. The clinical practice issue was that the home health agency did not have a uniform clinical practice nursing guideline to assist field nurses in providing rapid responses for managing infusion-related reactions. The purpose of this project was to develop an evidence-based clinical practice guideline using standing orders for the comprehensive management of immunoglobulin side effects in the patient's home. The practice-focused question centered on whether the use of a nursing practice guideline based on interprofessional collaboration could manage the side effects of patients in the home by decreasing the use of emergent care and improved quality of care for those patients susceptible to significant side effects. An interdisciplinary expert panel experience in IVIG l used Newman's system theory and the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance framework for interprofessional collaboration in developing a clinical nursing guideline with a standing order for rating side effects. Panelists used the appraisal of guidelines, research, and evaluation II tool to appraise the evidence for the guideline. The use of clinical guideline with standing orders to address the needs of patients in the home setting may lead to positive social change by enabling more rapid management of symptoms, more effective care in the home, and improved patient outcomes

No description available.

No description available.

Nearly one-third of all pediatric oncology patients die from their disease, so nurses need to have an evidence-based standard of practice to guide their role in end-of-life decision-making. The purpose of this integrative review is to analyze current research on end-of-life decision-making within pediatric oncology to create a practice guideline for nurses working with this patient population. Eleven studies were examined to identify nursing interventions regarding the role of the nurse in end-of-life care, the role of the nurse in end-of-life decision-making, parent involvement in end-of-life decision-making, and child involvement in end-of-life decision-making, including the child's ability to participate in end-of-life decision-making. Based on the findings, the researcher identified several interventions that can be used by nurses to facilitate end-of-life discussion and decision-making that includes both parent and, when appropriate, the child.

Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of neuro-developmental disorders that are characterized by impaired social interaction, communication, and restricted or repetitive behavior. Children with an ASD also display significant sensory experiences due to sensory disintegration. This integrative review of literature examines the sensory experiences of children with an ASD and determines nursing interventions that will enable them to better cope within the hospital setting. Method: an extensive search of databases and current literature on sensory experiences of children with an ASD and interventions that facilitate coping. Results: Children with an ASD experience a wide range of sensitivity and defensiveness toward stimuli that differs on an individual basis. There is no current research that reflects nursing interventions for children with an ASD, therefore interventions from other heath care occupations were examined and applied to nursing. Conclusion: Further research is needed to better understand sensory defensiveness and research is needed in the area of nursing interventions to enable the best nursing care of children with an ASD.

Pediatric oncology is known to be a stressful work environment due to the difficult aspects regarding patient care. This known stress related to work and caring for pediatric oncology patients can negatively impact nurses, patients, and families. The purpose of this study is to examine: relationships between patient symptom management and nurse distress; strategies used by nurses to manage symptoms in pediatric patients with cancer; nurse perceptions of the effectiveness of non-pharmacologic or nursing interventions; and nurse distress related to managing symptoms in pediatric patients with cancer. Registered nurses (N=13) at a local children’s hospital participated in an online survey. The survey included the Nurses’ Distress and Interventions for Symptoms Survey (NDISS) and the Stressor Scale for Pediatric Oncology Nurses (SSPON). Descriptive and correlation statistics were used to analyze data. Results showed that the most commonly managed symptoms were pain (100%), nausea/vomiting (100%), hair loss (100%), fatigue (92.3%), worry (92.3%), mouth sores (84.6%), and trouble sleeping (69.2%). On average, participants reported using at least 10 strategies to manage these symptoms. The most common strategies included: active listening, encouraging family involvement, family support, and reducing sleep interruptions. Most participants felt like they managed the symptoms effectively. Overall, the most common stressors for pediatric oncology nurses were related to co-workers (71.8%) and system demands (68.9%). There was no statistically significant relationship between symptom management and nurse distress. Further research should be conducted on the relationship between nurses and significant stressors other than symptom management. Identifying these significant stressors, especially related to co-workers and system demands, would be the first step in the development of appropriate interventions, such as supportive programs, for decreasing nurses’ stress response.

Substance use is characterized by use of licit and illicit substances, paired with adverse consequences. Substance use and abuse are major concerns among the adolescent population. Some of the most popular substances used among adolescents include alcohol and marijuana. Adolescents who use substances have often demonstrated risky behaviors. These risky behaviors include delinquency and antisocial behaviors, such as decreased commitment to school, burglary, and theft. Behaviors such as unprotected sexual intercourse while under the influence of substances places the adolescent at risk for pregnancy and STis. Adolescents may develop depressive symptoms related to substance use, as well as attempt to commit suicide while using substances when feeling sad. Effective nursing interventions are needed to target these adolescents and prevent or cease substance use. The purpose of this integrated literature review was to explore current nursing interventions for adolescent substance use. Another aim was to determine the need for improvement on these interventions or the need for a new action plan. Findings showed that brief motivational interviewing is an effective intervention method for adolescent substance use. The advantage to brief motivational interviewing is - that it is non-confrontational, short in duration, promotes reduced substance use, and leads to complete cessation. With the use of evidence-based interventions, nurses and other health care providers can take part 1~ early preveritioh and cessation of adolescent substance use.

Migraine is a complex neurovascular disorder of the brain characterized by episodes of severe head pain and dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system with or without aura. Migraine affects nearly 324 million people worldwide and causes severe disability in women during the most productive years of life. The World Health Organization considers severe migraine to be as disabling as quadriplegia and terminal stage cancer. Healthcare professionals often perceive migraine headaches as minor complaints, resulting in poorly acknowledged physical, emotional, and economic burdens contributing to diminished quality of life in women with migraine disorder. Approximately 10 million people suffer from migraines in the United States, yet evidence suggests that management of migraine is suboptimal. The purpose of the thesis is to educate healthcare professionals on the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of migraine disorders to enhance care of patients and improve quality of life. An interdisciplinary review of research was completed using the online databases Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), MEDLINE- EBSCOhost, Academic Search Premier, and PubMed. Findings concluded that migraines impact quality of life in the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions of well-being. Nursing implications for improving migraine management and quality of life include advocating for clients with migraines, seeking continuous education in regards to migraine management, educating clients and their families about managing migraines, and competently caring for clients with migraines.