Our overall objective was to explore some individual and environmental determinants of eating habits with a main focus on nutrition labels and their usefulness for choosing foods for weight management. We first broadly examined these determinants using participants of the AFMNet Canadian Consumer Monitor (CCM), and found a number of attitudinal and perceived environmental barriers to healthy eating. In an experimental study with CCM respondents, we found that reduced fat claims may help consumers make better choices for weight management if calorie content on the Nutrition Facts Table is also considered. However, in our examination of foods with fat claims in the Canadian marketplace, we found that most products with fat claims are not significantly lower in calories than comparable foods without such claims. We conclude that fat claims could be useful in assisting consumers with food choices for weight management, if the foods were also reduced in calories.

Our overall objective was to explore some individual and environmental determinants of eating habits with a main focus on nutrition labels and their usefulness for choosing foods for weight management. We first broadly examined these determinants using participants of the AFMNet Canadian Consumer Monitor (CCM), and found a number of attitudinal and perceived environmental barriers to healthy eating. In an experimental study with CCM respondents, we found that reduced fat claims may help consumers make better choices for weight management if calorie content on the Nutrition Facts Table is also considered. However, in our examination of foods with fat claims in the Canadian marketplace, we found that most products with fat claims are not significantly lower in calories than comparable foods without such claims. We conclude that fat claims could be useful in assisting consumers with food choices for weight management, if the foods were also reduced in calories.

The obtaining and selection of new varieties of castor bean, associated with the cultural practices of fertilization and of pest and diseases control, have been the technologies identified as the most promising to increase the productivity of these oilseed in several Brazilian regions. There are only a few studies conducted on castor bean in Brazil, in relation to fertilizer, the search on phosphorus should be prioritized, therefore, the Brazilian soils in general, are deficient in this element. Moreover, this nutrient participates of the energy production through the plant and influences in the absorption and metabolism of several elements too.Thus, the objective to assess the effect of phosphorus on growth sexual expression, nutritional status, accumulation of nutrients and the productivity of two castor bean varieties. The research was conducted in the experimental area of the Agricultural Center of Sciences, located in the city of Rio Largo, Alagoas. The study was a 5 x 2 factor, consisted of five doses of P (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg ha-1) and two castor bean varieties, BRS 149 Nordestina and BRS 188 Paraguaçu, with the treatments distributed in randomized blocks, with four repetitions. The soil of the experimental area was examined and received limestone in sufficient quantity to raise the saturation by bases to 60%. Varieties of castor bean seedlings were produced in a greenhouse, which were only transplanted into the field when they showed about 25 cm of height. Holes of 30 x 30 x 30 cm were made, separated by 1.0 x 3.0 m, and at the bottom of them triple super-phosphate was applied in quantities equivalent to doses established for each treatment. At the 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after transplanting (D.A.T) to determined the leaf area and the heights of the plants. On the 50th day, D.A.T. collected the +4 leaves for evaluation of the nutritional status of the plants and on the day before, covering fertilization was done, using the ammonium sulfate and the potassium chloride in doses equivalent to 30 and 60 kg ha-1 of N and K, respectively. The development of the reproductive organs was also evaluated through the length of the primary custer and the following, the numbers of custer produced during the entire cycle, productivity of seeds and the accumulation of biomass and nutrients in the upper parts. For the leaf area, the fertilization effect was only noticed at the 30 and 120 days; and for the height of the plants, some effect was only noticed at the 30 DAT, both being squared. The phosphate fertilizer only influenced in the leaf content of iron, however, there was a linear effect for the accumulation of N and quadratic for the accumulation of P and K. There was an varietal effect in leaf levels, which in the BRS 149 Nordestina variety were found the largest levels of N and least of Ca, without having a significant difference for the other nutrients. The quadratic effect of phosphate fertilizer was verified for the size of the primary custer, the number of custer produced, productivity of seeds and accumulation of dry matter. The varieties showed difference in the number and in the length of the primary custer and following, the largest quantity being verified in the plants of the BRS 188 Paraguaçu variety and longest lengths in the BRS 149 Nordestina variety. / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / A obtenção e seleção de novas cultivares de mamona, associada às práticas culturais de adubação, controle de pragas e doenças, têm sido as tecnologias apontadas como as mais promissoras para se aumentar a produtividade dessa oleaginosa em diversas regiões brasileiras. Há poucos estudos conduzidos com mamoneira no Brasil e, em relação à adubação, deve-se priorizar as pesquisas com fósforo, pois, os solos brasileiros de um modo geral, são deficientes neste elemento. Além disso, esse nutriente participa dos processos de produção de energia pela planta e também influencia na absorção e no metabolismo de vários elementos. Dessa forma, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da adubação fosfatada no crescimento, expressão sexual, estado nutricional, acúmulo de nutrientes e produtividade de duas variedades de mamona. A pesquisa foi conduzida na área experimental do Centro de Ciências Agrárias, localizado no município de Rio Largo, Alagoas. O estudo foi um fatorial 5 x 2, constituído por cinco doses de P (0, 20, 40, 60 e 80 kg ha-1) e duas variedades de mamona, BRS 149 Nordestina e BRS 188 Paraguaçu, com os tratamentos distribuídos em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. O solo da área experimental foi analisado e recebeu calcário em quantidade suficiente para elevar a saturação por bases a 60%. Produziram-se em casa de vegetação, mudas das variedades de mamoneira, que foram transplantadas para o campo quando apresentaram cerca de 25 cm de altura. Abriram-se covas de 30 x 30 x 30 cm, espaçadas de 1,0 m entre plantas e 3,0 m entre linhas, aplicando-se o superfosfato triplo no fundo das covas em quantidades equivalentes as doses estabelecidas para cada tratamento. Aos 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias após o transplantio (D.A.T.) determinou-se a área foliar e a altura das plantas. Aos 50 dias D.A.T. coletaram-se as folhas +4 para avaliação do estado nutricional das plantas e no dia posterior, realizou-se adubação em cobertura, utilizando-se o sulfato de amônio e o cloreto de potássio em doses equivalentes a 40 e 60 kg ha-1 de N e K, respectivamente. Avaliaram-se também, o desenvolvimento dos órgãos reprodutivos, através do comprimento dos racemos primários e dos subseqüentes, dos números de racemos produzidos durante todo o ciclo, produtividade de sementes e o acúmulo de biomassa e de nutrientes na parte aérea. Para área foliar foi observado efeito da adubação somente aos 30 e 120 D.A.T. e, para altura de plantas constatou-se efeito apenas aos 30 dias, sendo ambos quadráticos. A adubação fosfatada influenciou apenas no teor foliar de ferro, entretanto, verificou-se efeito linear para o acúmulo de N e, quadrático para o acúmulo de P e K. Houve efeito varietal nos teores foliares, tendo-se constatado na variedade BRS 149 Nordestina os maiores teores de N e os menores de Ca, não havendo diferença significativa para os demais nutrientes. Verificou-se efeito quadrático da adubação fosfatada para o tamanho do racemo primário, número de racemos produzidos, produtividade de sementes e acúmulo de matéria seca. As variedades apresentaram diferença no número e no comprimento dos racemos primários e subseqüentes, tendo-se verificado a maior quantidade nas plantas da variedade BRS 188 Paraguaçu e os maiores comprimentos na variedade BRS 149 Nordestina.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Objetivou-se com este trabalho modelar a absorção de nutrientes na mandioca submetida a doses de nitrogênio ao longo do ciclo produtivo. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos casualizados em parcelas subdividas, com quatro repetições, nas parcelas compreenderam as doses de nitrogênio em cobertura (0, 30, 60, 150 e 330 kg ha-1) dividida em duas aplicações aos 30 e 60 dias após a emergência (DAE), e na subparcelas as épocas de avaliação (120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270 e 300 DAE). O material vegetal coletado foi moído e posteriormente, submetidos à análise para obtenção da extração do teor de nutrientes nas folhas (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn e Zn). Nas épocas 120, 150, 180, 240 e 300 DAE foram avaliados os teores de clorofila a e b por meio do clorofilômetro SPAD-502, produtividade da parte aérea (kg ha-1), diâmetro do caule (cm), comprimento do lóbulo central (cm), comprimento do pecíolo (cm), largura da folha (cm) e produtividade de raízes em kg ha-1. As doses de N aplicadas em cobertura aumentam o teor foliar de N, P, K, Mg, Mn e Zn, altas doses diminuem os teores foliar de Ca e S. A aplicação de N reduz o teor Fe. Com o avanço da idade das plantas os teores foliares de N, K, Mg e Mn reduzem. A concentração de clorofila correlacionou-se positivamente com o teor de N nas folhas de mandioca e produtividade de raízes. O uso do medidor portátil de clorofila é uma ferramenta promissora para avaliar o estado nutricional de nitrogênio na mandioca. As doses de N e a idade da planta proporcionam aumento linear e positivo na produtividade da parte aérea, diâmetro do caule e produtividade de raízes. Na dose de maior produtividade de raízes tuberosas, aos oito meses de idade, a ordem de acúmulo dos nutrientes pela mandioca, cv. Aciolina é de: nitrogênio > cálcio > potássio > magnésio > fósforo > enxofre > manganês > ferro > zinco. / The objective of this study was modeling the absorption of nutrients in cassava submitted to different levels of nitrogen along the productive cycle. The experimental design was in blocks at random in scheme of split plots, with four replications, the parcels comprised levels of nitrogen (0, 30, 60, 150 e 330 kg ha-1) divided in two application at 30 and 60 days after emergence (DAE), and the subplots of the evaluation times (120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270 and 300 DAE). The collected plant material was ground and later subjected to analysis to obtain the extraction of leaf nutrient content (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn and Zn). At 120, 150, 180, 240 and 300 DAE were assessed levels of chlorophyll a and b using the chlorophyll meter SPAD-502, aerial productivity (kg ha-1), stem diameter (cm), length of the central lobe (cm), petiole length (cm), leaf width (cm) and root yield in kg ha-1. The levels of N applied in coverage increased the foliar levels of N, P, K, Mg, Mn and Zn; high levels decreased the foliar levels of Ca and S. The application N reduces the Fe content. With the aging of plants foliar contents N, K, Mg and Mn reduced. The chlorophyll concentration was positively correlated with the N content in cassava leaves and productivity of roots. The use of portable chlorophyll meter is a promising tool to assess the nutritional status of nitrogen in cassava. The levels N and age of plant provide positive linear increase in productivity of shoot, stem diameter and productivity of the roots. In The highest level of productivity of tuberous roots, at eight months old, the accumulation order of the nutrients in cassava is of: nitrogen> calcium> potassium> magnesium> phosphorus> sulfur> manganese> iron> zinc.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:56:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertaca Gabriel Vassilios Piperaso.pdf: 157210 bytes, checksum: d1966a609906ee5b4c7c4a0ed755ef4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-03 / The objective of this work had established DRIS norms for sugarcane crop in different yields levels. Results of the chemical analysis of leaves for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn was used, with your respective yield of 78 commercial fileds collected in Cocal usin, in Paraguaçu Paulista, São Paulo state, Brazil, between October and November of 2007. For the database formation to divided in six yield levels, of 100, 110, 120, 130, 140 and 150 Mg ha-1, with the establishment of all the binary relationships among the nutrients studied, then calculated the average, the standard deviation and the variance for each nutrient concentration, as well as for the relationships among these, in each sub-population, being maintained 55 relationships, the ones that presented the largest reason in the variance among the sub-populations. It was calculated the index of each nutrients, IBN of each population and the potential of answer to nutrient application. There were found significant differences between the nutrients contents and the yields to different varieties, being RB 935744 the most productive. The binary relationships among nutrients presented different values in populations studied. The yield level of 140 Mg ha-1 presented higher correlation between IBN and the productivity, being selected for DRIS norms definition. The nutrient order to nutrient supply was: B>Mn>Cu>S. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer as normas DRIS para a cultura da cana-de-açúcar em diferentes níveis de produtividade. Utilizou-se resultados da análise química de folhas para N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn com suas respectivas produtividades de 78 áreas comerciais coletadas na usina Cocal, em Paraguaçu Paulista SP, nos meses de outubro e novembro de 2007. Utilizou-se para a formação do banco de dados a divisão em seis níveis produtivos, de 100, 110, 120, 130, 140 e 150 Mg ha-1, com o estabelecimento de todas as relações binárias entre os nutrientes estudados, então calculou-se a média, o desvio padrão e a variância para cada concentração de nutriente, como também para as relações entre estes, em cada sub-população, sendo mantidas 55 relações, que apresentaram a maior razão na variância entre as sub-populações. Calculou-se o índice de cada nutriente, o IBN de cada população e o potencial de resposta á aplicação de cada nutriente. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os teores de nutrientes e as produtividades das diferentes variedades utilizadas, sendo a RB 935744 a mais produtiva. As relações binárias entre nutrientes apresentaram valores distintos nas diferentes populações estudadas. O nível produtivo de 140 Mg ha-1 apresentou maior correlação entre o índice de balanço nutricional e a produtividade, sendo selecionado para definição das normas DRIS. A ordem dos nutrientes que apresentaram maior potencial de resposta a adubação foi B>Mn>Cu>S.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:51:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertaca Gabriel Vassilios Piperaso.pdf: 157210 bytes, checksum: d1966a609906ee5b4c7c4a0ed755ef4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-03 / The objective of this work had established DRIS norms for sugarcane crop in different yields levels. Results of the chemical analysis of leaves for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn was used, with your respective yield of 78 commercial fileds collected in Cocal usin, in Paraguaçu Paulista, São Paulo state, Brazil, between October and November of 2007. For the database formation to divided in six yield levels, of 100, 110, 120, 130, 140 and 150 Mg ha-1, with the establishment of all the binary relationships among the nutrients studied, then calculated the average, the standard deviation and the variance for each nutrient concentration, as well as for the relationships among these, in each sub-population, being maintained 55 relationships, the ones that presented the largest reason in the variance among the sub-populations. It was calculated the index of each nutrients, IBN of each population and the potential of answer to nutrient application. There were found significant differences between the nutrients contents and the yields to different varieties, being RB 935744 the most productive. The binary relationships among nutrients presented different values in populations studied. The yield level of 140 Mg ha-1 presented higher correlation between IBN and the productivity, being selected for DRIS norms definition. The nutrient order to nutrient supply was: B>Mn>Cu>S. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer as normas DRIS para a cultura da cana-de-açúcar em diferentes níveis de produtividade. Utilizou-se resultados da análise química de folhas para N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn com suas respectivas produtividades de 78 áreas comerciais coletadas na usina Cocal, em Paraguaçu Paulista SP, nos meses de outubro e novembro de 2007. Utilizou-se para a formação do banco de dados a divisão em seis níveis produtivos, de 100, 110, 120, 130, 140 e 150 Mg ha-1, com o estabelecimento de todas as relações binárias entre os nutrientes estudados, então calculou-se a média, o desvio padrão e a variância para cada concentração de nutriente, como também para as relações entre estes, em cada sub-população, sendo mantidas 55 relações, que apresentaram a maior razão na variância entre as sub-populações. Calculou-se o índice de cada nutriente, o IBN de cada população e o potencial de resposta á aplicação de cada nutriente. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os teores de nutrientes e as produtividades das diferentes variedades utilizadas, sendo a RB 935744 a mais produtiva. As relações binárias entre nutrientes apresentaram valores distintos nas diferentes populações estudadas. O nível produtivo de 140 Mg ha-1 apresentou maior correlação entre o índice de balanço nutricional e a produtividade, sendo selecionado para definição das normas DRIS. A ordem dos nutrientes que apresentaram maior potencial de resposta a adubação foi B>Mn>Cu>S.

Thesis (M.Sc. (Agronomy)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / Soybean (Glycine max L.) is one of the valuable leguminous crops with grain used for human consumption, livestock feeding, bio-fuel (bio-diesel) production, vegetable oil and is a protein resource. The crop also fixes atmospheric nitrogen. The study aimed to evaluate the performance of two soybean varieties to a combination of inoculation and seaweed extract. The research trial was conducted at Syferkuil farm during 2017/2018 summer season in which two soybean varieties (TGx 1937-1F promiscuous) and (PAN 1583R specific-nodulating) were evaluated for their growth, nodulation and yield responses to rhizobium inoculation and seaweed extract (0 % rate (0ml/12L), 50 % rate (30ml/12L) and 100 % (60ml/12L). The research trial was laid out as a split-split plot arrangement fitted in RCBD with four replications. Inoculation significantly influenced grain yield at P≤0.05, seed nutrient content and total above-ground biomass, except for seed potassium. No inoculation significantly achieved higher primary branches per plant at P≤0.05, pod number per plant, stem diameter (P≤0.05), grain yield (P≤0.05), harvest index and total above-ground biomass at P≤0.001. The variety TGx 1937-1F had significantly (P≤0.001) higher nodule number per plant, effective nodules per plant, nodule dry weight, dried shoot biomass, leaf number per plant, pod number per plant, primary branches per plant, stem diameter, plant height, leaf chlorophyll content, total above-ground biomass, grain yield and seed iron (Fe) content. Application of full rate seaweed extract significantly (P≤0.001) increased primary branches per plant, stem diameter, leaf number per plant, plant height, shelling percentage, total above-ground biomass, grain yield, and seed content of calcium (Ca), potassium, magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn) and sodium (Na) all at P≤0.05. Seaweed extract rate at 0 % obtained the highest harvest index (P≤0.001). Inoculation and variety TGx 1937-1F interaction exhibited a significant increase on leaf number per plant at P≤0.001, primary branches per plant at P≤0.001 and plant height at P≤0.001. Variety TGx 1937-1F, without inoculation, obtained significantly higher pod number per plant (P≤0.001), stem diameter at P≤0.001, grain yield at P≤0.05 and total above-ground biomass at P≤0.001. Variety PAN 1583R, without inoculation, obtained significantly higher harvest index and shelling percentage at P≤0.001. Interaction of vi inoculation and seaweed extract showed that no inoculation × 100 % rate of seaweed extract significantly (P≤0.001) increased primary branches per plant, leaf number per plant, stem diameter, pod number per plant and plant height. Interaction of inoculation × 100 % rate of seaweed extract increased grain yield (P≤0.001) and total above-ground biomass at P≤0.001. Inoculation × 50 % rate of seaweed extract interaction increased shelling percentage at P≤0.001. No inoculation × 0 % rate of seaweed extract interaction obtained significantly higher harvest index (P≤0.001). Interaction of variety and seaweed extract showed that variety TGx 1937-1F × 100 % rate of seaweed extract significantly increased primary branches per plant (P≤0.001), pod number per plant at P≤0.001, grain yield at P≤0.001 and total above-ground biomass at P≤0.001. The variety TGx 1937-1F × 50 % rate of seaweed extract significantly raised the size of stem diameter (P≤0.01) and plant height (P≤0.001). Three-way interactive effects of inoculation × variety TGx 1937-1F × 100 % rate of seaweed extract obtained significantly higher number of shelling percentage at P≤0.001, leaf number per plant at P≤0.05 and primary branches per plant at P≤0.001. Interaction of no inoculation × variety TGx 1937-1F × 100 % rate of seaweed extract obtained significantly high pod number per plant at P≤0.001, grain yield at P≤0.05, total above-ground biomass at P≤0.001 and plant height at P≤0.001. No inoculation × PAN 1583R × 100 % rate of seaweed extract interaction had a higher harvest index at P≤0.001. The study showed that inoculation, seaweed extract, or their combination generally enhanced seed nutrient content, especially in variety TGx 1937-1F. The study further showed that promiscuous soybean (TGx 1937-1F) had higher grain yield, under stressful growing conditions as compared to PAN 1583R variety. This implies that soybean variety TGx 1937-1F, with 50 % or 100 % application rate of seaweed extract could be recommended to smallholder farmers. Key words: Soybean, inoculation, seaweed extract, phenological development, growth, nodulation, grain yield and seed nutrient content. / National Research Foundation (NRF)

No cerrado, as palmeiras não são muito diversas, no entanto, são abundantes e representam recursos valiosos para a vida silvestre. Foram avaliadas características dos frutos de Syagrus petraea e Attalea geraensis (Arecaceae) como recurso alimentar para vertebrados em cerrado denso no Cerrado Pé-de-Gigante (Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, SP), que incluem sua disponibilidade no tempo e seu conteúdo nutricional. Entre janeiro de 2005 e novembro de 2006, foi realizado um acompanhamento fenológico e feita uma estimativa da abundância de indivíduos adultos das duas espécies de palmeiras estudadas. O teor nutricional dos frutos foi caracterizado quantitativamente, com dosagens de lipídios, açúcares solúveis totais e proteínas solúveis. Além disso, foi feita, por meio de câmeras fotográficas automáticas, a identificação dos vertebrados que possivelmente utilizam os frutos destas palmeiras como recurso alimentar. Foi encontrada uma densidade média de 0,006 indivíduo de A. geraensis por m2 e 0,024 indivíduo de S. petraea por m2. A. geraensis produziu um único fruto durante todo o período de estudo, ao passo que os frutos de S. petraea estiveram disponíveis durante a maior parte do tempo, apesar da sazonalidade bastante acentuada. Os frutos de S. petraea constituem um recurso nutritivo, principalmente o endosperma, que é mais rico que a \"polpa\", contendo principalmente lipídios. Os consumidores dos frutos de S. petraea identificados foram Cyanocorax chrysops (Aves: Corvidae), Didelphis albiventris (Marsupialia: Didelphidae), Micoureus paraguayanus (Marsupialia: Didelphidae) e Cerradomys subflavus (Rodentia: Muridae). / The Arecaceae family (palms) is not very much diverse in cerrado physiognomies, although such species are abundant and represent valuable resources to wildlife. Traits of Syagrus petraea and Attalea geraensis (Arecaceae) fruits, such as temporal availability and its nutrient content, were evaluated as food resources for vertebrates in \"cerrado denso\" physiognomy, in the Cerrado Pé-de-Gigante (Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, SP). A phenological study of both palm species was carried out between January/2005 and November/2006; moreover, estimates of the abundance of adult individuals were studied. The nutrient content of the fruits was quantitatively analysed, being evaluated the amounts of lipids, soluble sugars and soluble proteins. Furthermore, vertebrates that possibly use the palms\' fruits as food resources were identified through the camera trapping method. The mean density of A. geraensis was 0.006 individual per m2 and the mean density of S. petraea was 0,024 individual per m2. A. geraensis yielded only one fruit during all the study period, on the other hand S. petraea fruited throughout the entire period of study despite the seasonality in the fruiting phenophase. S. petraea fruits are a nutrient-rich resource, especially the endosperm which contains more lipids than the pulp. The identified animals that feed on S. petraea fruits were Cyanocorax chrysops (Aves: Corvidae), Didelphis albiventris (Marsupialia: Didelphidae), Micoureus paraguayanus (Marsupialia: Didelphidae) and Cerradomys subflavus (Rodentia: Muridae).

No cerrado, as palmeiras não são muito diversas, no entanto, são abundantes e representam recursos valiosos para a vida silvestre. Foram avaliadas características dos frutos de Syagrus petraea e Attalea geraensis (Arecaceae) como recurso alimentar para vertebrados em cerrado denso no Cerrado Pé-de-Gigante (Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, SP), que incluem sua disponibilidade no tempo e seu conteúdo nutricional. Entre janeiro de 2005 e novembro de 2006, foi realizado um acompanhamento fenológico e feita uma estimativa da abundância de indivíduos adultos das duas espécies de palmeiras estudadas. O teor nutricional dos frutos foi caracterizado quantitativamente, com dosagens de lipídios, açúcares solúveis totais e proteínas solúveis. Além disso, foi feita, por meio de câmeras fotográficas automáticas, a identificação dos vertebrados que possivelmente utilizam os frutos destas palmeiras como recurso alimentar. Foi encontrada uma densidade média de 0,006 indivíduo de A. geraensis por m2 e 0,024 indivíduo de S. petraea por m2. A. geraensis produziu um único fruto durante todo o período de estudo, ao passo que os frutos de S. petraea estiveram disponíveis durante a maior parte do tempo, apesar da sazonalidade bastante acentuada. Os frutos de S. petraea constituem um recurso nutritivo, principalmente o endosperma, que é mais rico que a \"polpa\", contendo principalmente lipídios. Os consumidores dos frutos de S. petraea identificados foram Cyanocorax chrysops (Aves: Corvidae), Didelphis albiventris (Marsupialia: Didelphidae), Micoureus paraguayanus (Marsupialia: Didelphidae) e Cerradomys subflavus (Rodentia: Muridae). / The Arecaceae family (palms) is not very much diverse in cerrado physiognomies, although such species are abundant and represent valuable resources to wildlife. Traits of Syagrus petraea and Attalea geraensis (Arecaceae) fruits, such as temporal availability and its nutrient content, were evaluated as food resources for vertebrates in \"cerrado denso\" physiognomy, in the Cerrado Pé-de-Gigante (Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, SP). A phenological study of both palm species was carried out between January/2005 and November/2006; moreover, estimates of the abundance of adult individuals were studied. The nutrient content of the fruits was quantitatively analysed, being evaluated the amounts of lipids, soluble sugars and soluble proteins. Furthermore, vertebrates that possibly use the palms\' fruits as food resources were identified through the camera trapping method. The mean density of A. geraensis was 0.006 individual per m2 and the mean density of S. petraea was 0,024 individual per m2. A. geraensis yielded only one fruit during all the study period, on the other hand S. petraea fruited throughout the entire period of study despite the seasonality in the fruiting phenophase. S. petraea fruits are a nutrient-rich resource, especially the endosperm which contains more lipids than the pulp. The identified animals that feed on S. petraea fruits were Cyanocorax chrysops (Aves: Corvidae), Didelphis albiventris (Marsupialia: Didelphidae), Micoureus paraguayanus (Marsupialia: Didelphidae) and Cerradomys subflavus (Rodentia: Muridae).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:44:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV14MA156.pdf: 3712666 bytes, checksum: 1e5e3f952ddc6f884d0d9d414780af06 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The common bean is one of the most important constituents of the diet and is present in the daily meals of most Brazilians. It is known that the technological quality, protein and minerals level and the lower susceptibility of post-harvest changes are the main factors for the acceptance of a cultivar on the market, allies of these factors, grows the search for healthier foods produced in ecologically-based production system. The objective of this work was to evaluate the technological quality, protein and minerals level and potential of the storage of landrace common beans cultivars and commercial variety produced in the organic farming system. 26 cultivars were used, being selected 22 landrace bean cultivars, selected over 7 crops of selfing and 4 commercial varieties. The grains were produced under the principles of organic and conventional crops in two environments (growing 2012/2013 and 2013/2014). The grain produced under organic farming system showed superior or similar technological quality for most cultivars in both environments. The smaller cooking time were obtained in the grains produced in the organic system (18 minutes (Environment 1) and 22 minutes (Environment 2)). The percentage showing cultivars of whole grains 60-80% were those who had higher levels of total soluble solids in the broth. The cultivars that stood out for technical quality organic system were the BAFs: 60, 23, 81, 13, 68, 55, 75 and 36. The highest crude protein levels were found in cultivars BAFs: 36 (27.40%), 55 (26.92%) and 13 (26.39%) produced in the organic system. For the higher nutrient content (total protein, phosphorus, phytate, potassium, iron and zinc) have been identified the BAFs: 13, 55, 68, 84, 7, 3, 75 and commercial variety BAF 110. For tolerance caused the hard-to-cook defects during storage was observed that the landrace bean cultivars showed up above the assessed commercial varieties, especially the BAFs: 68, 13, 81, 36, 97 and 75. The results suggest and indicate organic production as a viable form of bean cultivation to the technological quality characteristics and chemical composition / O feijão é um dos mais importantes constituintes da dieta alimentar e está presente nas refeições diárias de grande parte dos brasileiros. Sabe-se que a qualidade tecnológica, teor de proteína e minerais e a menor suscetibilidade das alterações pós-colheita são fatores fundamentais para a aceitação de uma cultivar no mercado, aliados as esses fatores, cresce a busca por alimentos mais saudáveis produzidos em sistema de produção de base ecológica. Nesse sentido, a proposta desse trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade tecnológica, teor de proteína e minerais e o potencial de armazenamento dos grãos de cultivares crioulas e comerciais de feijão produzidas no sistema de cultivo orgânico. Foram utilizados 26 cultivares, sendo 22 crioulas selecionados ao longo de 7 safras de autofecundação e 4 variedades comerciais. Os grãos foram produzidos sob os princípios do sistema de cultivo orgânico e convencional em dois ambientes (safra 2012/2013 e 2013/2014). Os grãos produzidos sob o sistema de cultivo orgânico apresentaram qualidade tecnológica superior ou semelhante para a maioria das cultivares avaliadas em ambos os ambientes. Os menores tempo de cozimento foram obtidos nos grãos produzidos no sistema de cultivo orgânico (18 minutos (Ambiente 1) e 22 minutos (ambiente 2)). As cultivares que apresentaram percentual de grãos inteiros entre 60-80% foram as que tiveram maior teor de sólidos solúveis totais no caldo. As cultivares que se destacaram para qualidade tecnológica no sistema de cultivo orgânico foram os BAFs: 60, 23, 81, 13, 68, 55, 75 e 36. Os maiores teores de proteína bruta foram encontrados nas cultivares BAFs 36 (27,40%), 55 (26,92%) e 13 (26,39%) produzidas no sistema de cultivo orgânico. Para o maior teor de nutrientes (proteína total, fósforo, fitato, potássio, ferro e zinco) foram identificados os BAFs: 13, 55, 68, 84, 7, 3, 75 e a variedade comercial BAF 110. Para a tolerância aos defeitos hard-to-cook ocasionados durante o armazenamento observou-se que as cultivares crioulas apresentaram-se superiores as variedades comerciais avaliadas, com destaque aos BAFs: 68, 13, 81, 36, 97 e 75. Os resultados permitem concluir e indicar a produção orgânica como forma viável de cultivo do feijão para as características de qualidade tecnológica e composição química