O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar o estado nutricional relativo ao selênio (Se) de praticantes de capoeira. O presente estudo foi composto por 44 indivíduos jovens, praticantes de capoeira (CAP) com idade média de 22 ± 3,3 e 20 ± 2,5 anos para o sexo masculino e feminino respectivamente, e de 11 jovens que compuseram o grupo controle (CO), com a mesma faixa etária. A dieta ingerida por ambos os sexos e grupos CAP e CO, apresentou níveis baixos de Se em relação a recomendação da RDA (1989). A dieta ingerida apresentou-se adequada em energia para os grupos CAP e CO para ambos os sexos, porém encontramos um percentual elevado quanto à fração protéica. Foi realizada uma coleta de sangue venoso (25mL) e de unhas dos pés dos participantes da pesquisa. A análise de Se no material biológico foi determinada por método fluorimétrico (WATKINSON, 1966). As concentrações médias de Se nas unhas do pés foram de 599,27 ± 207,36 &#181;g/kg para o grupo CAP de ambos os sexos, e de 682,27 ± 146,42 &#181;g/kg para o CO de ambos os sexos. Os resultados de Se encontrados no plasma e eritrócito para o grupo CAP de ambos os sexos, foram de 78,14 ± 12,10 e de 123,46 ± 37,54 &#181;g/L, respectivamente, e para o grupo CO foram de 73,45 ± 2,01 &#181;g/L e de 115,63 ± 25,59 &#181;g/L, respectivamente. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos CAP e CO, bem como, entre os sexos. A atividade enzimática da GPx no plasma do grupo CAP foi de 97,06 ± 28,22 &#181;mol NADPH oxi/ min/mL e para o grupo CO foi de 69,99 ± 23,98 &#181;mol NADPH oxi/ min/mL, e no eritrócito para o grupo CAP foi de 26,87 ± 7,15 &#181;mol NADPH oxi/ min/mL, e para o grupo CO foi de 19,07 ± 5,27 &#181;mol NADPH oxi/ min/mL. Estes resultados apresentaram diferença estatítica significativa (p<0,05) entre os grupos CAP e CO, mas não entre os sexos. Portanto, pode-se concluir que a atividade física exerce efeito sobre a atividade da GPx, e que a população estudada apresenta baixa ingestão de Se na dieta, porém sem evidências de deficiência clinicamente demonstrável. / The aim of this study was to determine selenium nutritional status in capoeira (a genuine Brazilian play or fight of slave origin) fighters. The current study was carried out with 44 young capoeira fighters (CAP group), whose average age was 22 ± 3.3, for men, and 20 ± 2.5 for women. A control group (CO) was made up of 11 young individuals of the same age. The diet consumed by both groups, CAP and CO, had lower levels of selenium compared to the RDA recommendations (1989). On the contrary, the diet rendered appropriated to energy requirements for both groups and sex, while a high percentage level of protein fractions was determined. Venous blood (25ml) and toenail samples were collected from all the individuals of both groups. Selenium (Se) was quantified in biological material by fluorometric method (WATKINSON, 1966). The average concentrations of selenium in the toenails were 599.27 ± 207.36 &#181;g/kg for CAP group, both sex, and 682.27 ± 146.42 &#181;g/kg for group CO, both sexo The amount of Se for group CAP, both sex, was 78.14 ± 12.10 &#181;g/L and 123.46 ± 37.54 &#181;g/L, for plasma and erythrocyte. For group CO, both sex, it was 73.45 ± 2.01 &#181;gIL for plasma and 115.63 ± 25.59 &#181;g/L for erythrocyte. No significant difference between groups CAP and CO was found, for the same analyses. The enzyme activity of GPx in plasma of group CAP was 97.06 ± 28.22 &#181;mol of NADPH oxy/min/mL and 69.99 ± 23.98 &#181;mol of NADPH oxy/min/mL. In the erythrocyte, for groups CAP and CO, respectively, the activities ofthe enzyme were 26.87 ± 7.15 and 19.07 ± 5.27 &#181;mol of NADPH oxy/min/mL. These results show a significant statistic difference (p<0.05) between groups CAP and CO. but not in relation to sexo Therefore, we can infer that physical activity exerts an effect on GPx activity and that the population under study has a low diet selenium intake, although no clinical deficiency could be detected.

Objectives The purpose of this research was to describe the physical growth status, bone mineral content, areal bone mineral density, body composition, and metabolic risk level of children of Sudanese immigrant families, and to determine the relationship between these outcome measures and exposure to an adverse environment. Exposure was defined as the time spent in Sudan or neighboring countries and timing was defined as the age a child arrived in the USA. Two major modifying factors were considered; current nutritional status (food quality and food security) and current physical activity levels. Study Design and Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted between July 2011 and April 2012. Subjects were recruited from the Iowa City, Iowa metropolitan area. The sample included 64 children between the ages of five and eighteen; 33 females and 31 males. Physical growth measures included weight, height, and BMI. Bone growth measures (body bone mineral content and areal bone mass density at the hip and spine) and body composition measures (lean mass, fat mass, and body fat percent) were measured using DXA. Metabolic risk factors included fasting blood glucose, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol, triglyceride, and C Reactive Protein (CRP) levels, and Homeostasis Model of Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Physical activity was measured by self-report physical activity questionnaire for children and adolescents (modified PAQ-A and PAQ-C) and by direct measure using Omron Pedometers (HJ-720 IT). Other collected data included food quality, food security, food frequency, and pubertal development using a puberty developmental scale. Results The mean age for all children was 10.1 ± 3.3 years. More than half of the children (n=33, 51.6%) were born in the USA, 14 children (21.9%) were born in Sudan, and the other children were born in other countries. The majority of the children (63.6%) lived in low income households reporting annual income less than USD $19,000. Over one quarter (26.5%) of the children were overweight or obese as defined by BMI percentile and when categorized by BF%, 35.5% of the girls and 27.3% of the boys were identified as obese. Height stunting was noted with 4.7% severely stunted (more than 2 sd below the mean) and 9.4% moderately stunted (more than 1 sd below the mean). The mean Z score for FMI and LMI were -0.57 ± 1.51 and 0.49 ± 0.75, respectively, and neither was normally distributed. Around half of the children had FMIZ (53.1%) and LMIZ (47%) scores more than 1 SD below the mean. Median Z scores for all bone measures were negative; BMC, -0.71, hip aBMD, -0.53, and Spine aBMD, -0.13. Around one-third of the children fell more than 1sd below the mean for BMC (38%) and hip aBMD (33%). Metabolic risk factors were elevated in some subjects; high total cholesterol, 23.4%; high triglycerides, 32.8%; low HDL, 19%; high HOMA-IR and CRP levels, 15.6 %. Forty percent of participating families reported some level of food insecurity, and 31% reported skipping or cutting the size of meals due to inadequate food supplies. Both self-reported questionnaires and data collected from pedometers showed that the majority of study participants were inactive, Wednesday & Thursday were identified as the most active days with activity levels of 52.6% and 50.9%, respectively, and 40% of the study subjects were inactive on weekends. More than half (56.9%) of the subjects reported watching TV more than two hours per day. Children born in the USA had higher rates of height and weight stunting and obesity as compared to children born outside the USA (24%, 37.5%, 32.26%; 3.12%, 25%, 21.21%, respectively). Children born in the USA had lower Z scores in all bone and body composition measures. Using GEE analysis, longer residence in Sudan was associated with lower WAZ scores (β =-0.16, p= 0.07), and lower LMIZ scores (β =-0.05, p= 0.06). Children with longer residence in Sudan or neighboring countries had higher LDL and HOMA-IR levels (β =2.997, p= 0.0005), and (β =0.03, p= 0.08). Adjusting for gender, girls who spent more time in Sudan had higher triglyceride and CRP levels β =11.9, p=0.027) and (β =0.5, p=0.03), respectively. Children who were older when they entered the USA had higher HAZ scores (β =0.06, p=0.05). Adjusting for gender, Girls who arrived in the USA at a younger age had lower WAZ scores (β =-0.42, p=0.01), while girls who entered the USA at an older age had higher HOMA-IR, triglyceride, and CRP levels (β =0.29, p=0.005), (β =0.14, p= 0.05) and (β =0.5, p=0.05), respectively. Adjusting for number of years spent in the USA and physical activity levels, longer residence in Sudan was associated with poorer LMIZ (β =-0.06, p=0.001) and hip aBMD Z scores (β =0.11, p= 0.01). In addition, children who arrived in the USA at a younger age had higher height for age Z scores (β=0.094, p=0.005) and lower LMIZ scores (β =-0.09, p=0.04), respectively. Conclusion Sudanese children in the Iowa City metropolitan area, particularly those born in the USA, have low Z scores for physical growth, bone growth, and body composition measures. A significant percent of the children had high triglycerides and total cholesterol levels. The majority of Sudanese children were physically inactive and food insecurity was common.

O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar o estado nutricional relativo ao selênio (Se) de praticantes de capoeira. O presente estudo foi composto por 44 indivíduos jovens, praticantes de capoeira (CAP) com idade média de 22 ± 3,3 e 20 ± 2,5 anos para o sexo masculino e feminino respectivamente, e de 11 jovens que compuseram o grupo controle (CO), com a mesma faixa etária. A dieta ingerida por ambos os sexos e grupos CAP e CO, apresentou níveis baixos de Se em relação a recomendação da RDA (1989). A dieta ingerida apresentou-se adequada em energia para os grupos CAP e CO para ambos os sexos, porém encontramos um percentual elevado quanto à fração protéica. Foi realizada uma coleta de sangue venoso (25mL) e de unhas dos pés dos participantes da pesquisa. A análise de Se no material biológico foi determinada por método fluorimétrico (WATKINSON, 1966). As concentrações médias de Se nas unhas do pés foram de 599,27 ± 207,36 &#181;g/kg para o grupo CAP de ambos os sexos, e de 682,27 ± 146,42 &#181;g/kg para o CO de ambos os sexos. Os resultados de Se encontrados no plasma e eritrócito para o grupo CAP de ambos os sexos, foram de 78,14 ± 12,10 e de 123,46 ± 37,54 &#181;g/L, respectivamente, e para o grupo CO foram de 73,45 ± 2,01 &#181;g/L e de 115,63 ± 25,59 &#181;g/L, respectivamente. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos CAP e CO, bem como, entre os sexos. A atividade enzimática da GPx no plasma do grupo CAP foi de 97,06 ± 28,22 &#181;mol NADPH oxi/ min/mL e para o grupo CO foi de 69,99 ± 23,98 &#181;mol NADPH oxi/ min/mL, e no eritrócito para o grupo CAP foi de 26,87 ± 7,15 &#181;mol NADPH oxi/ min/mL, e para o grupo CO foi de 19,07 ± 5,27 &#181;mol NADPH oxi/ min/mL. Estes resultados apresentaram diferença estatítica significativa (p<0,05) entre os grupos CAP e CO, mas não entre os sexos. Portanto, pode-se concluir que a atividade física exerce efeito sobre a atividade da GPx, e que a população estudada apresenta baixa ingestão de Se na dieta, porém sem evidências de deficiência clinicamente demonstrável. / The aim of this study was to determine selenium nutritional status in capoeira (a genuine Brazilian play or fight of slave origin) fighters. The current study was carried out with 44 young capoeira fighters (CAP group), whose average age was 22 ± 3.3, for men, and 20 ± 2.5 for women. A control group (CO) was made up of 11 young individuals of the same age. The diet consumed by both groups, CAP and CO, had lower levels of selenium compared to the RDA recommendations (1989). On the contrary, the diet rendered appropriated to energy requirements for both groups and sex, while a high percentage level of protein fractions was determined. Venous blood (25ml) and toenail samples were collected from all the individuals of both groups. Selenium (Se) was quantified in biological material by fluorometric method (WATKINSON, 1966). The average concentrations of selenium in the toenails were 599.27 ± 207.36 &#181;g/kg for CAP group, both sex, and 682.27 ± 146.42 &#181;g/kg for group CO, both sexo The amount of Se for group CAP, both sex, was 78.14 ± 12.10 &#181;g/L and 123.46 ± 37.54 &#181;g/L, for plasma and erythrocyte. For group CO, both sex, it was 73.45 ± 2.01 &#181;gIL for plasma and 115.63 ± 25.59 &#181;g/L for erythrocyte. No significant difference between groups CAP and CO was found, for the same analyses. The enzyme activity of GPx in plasma of group CAP was 97.06 ± 28.22 &#181;mol of NADPH oxy/min/mL and 69.99 ± 23.98 &#181;mol of NADPH oxy/min/mL. In the erythrocyte, for groups CAP and CO, respectively, the activities ofthe enzyme were 26.87 ± 7.15 and 19.07 ± 5.27 &#181;mol of NADPH oxy/min/mL. These results show a significant statistic difference (p<0.05) between groups CAP and CO. but not in relation to sexo Therefore, we can infer that physical activity exerts an effect on GPx activity and that the population under study has a low diet selenium intake, although no clinical deficiency could be detected.

Background: Sufficiently long and high-quality sleep is necessary for the daily renewal of brain and cognitive activity as well as for the maintenance of the whole organism. Apnea is defined as complete cessation of respiration or reduction of respiratory flow by more than 90% continuously for at least 10 seconds. The repeated respiratory arrest comes in repeated series. They are caused by episodes of upper airway obstruction, caused by an increased tendency of the airway walls to collapse. Sleep is an important lifestyle factor that needs to be addressed along with diet and physical activity. Short sleep leads to greater desire for food and sweets high in fat. Aim: The aim of this work was to determine the eating habits of patients with sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) and to compare the data with patients with simple ronchopathy. Methodology: Data collection took place in a specialized ENT clinic for sleep disorders at the University Hospital Ostrava for three months. A questionnaire was completed with newly arrived patients with regard to the eating habits of patients and anthropometric indicators, and physical activity. After that, the patients were clinically examined, and a limited polygraphy was performed, according to which the patients were divided. The collected data were statistically...

No description available.

Diabetes is said to be an epidemic of 21st century. Although death rates from diabetes are decreasing, the treatment results are still not satisfactory. Today, every tenth Czech is affected by diabetes, but according to doctors, a quarter of patients do not even know about the existence of their disease.In my thesis I focus on the lifestyle of diabetics. I am mainly concerned about their diet. Another important thing was to find out if they eat regularly, and whether the portions are eaten at regular time intervals throughout the day, as the regular and balanced diet is more important in diabetic patients than in anyone else.My survey has clearly proved that stress significantly worsens the quality of life of patients with diabetes mellitus. On the other hand, there is no evidence that a healthy diet and physical activity significantly improve health condition of patients with diabetes mellitus.

The health benefits of breastfeeding exceed well beyond the first few years of an infant's life. Breast milk is often referred to as liquid gold because of its extensive protective properties that promote child growth and development. Unfortunately, African American women have the lowest breastfeeding rates compared to any other racial group. Given that African American children are disproportionately affected by the current obesity epidemic in the United States, there may be a link between a mother's preference to breastfeed her infant and her influence over her child's eating behaviors and physical activity levels. Guided by social cognitive theory, the purpose of this quantitative longitudinal study was to explore the association between exclusive breastfeeding and maternal control over childhood nutrition and physical activity among African American women and children enrolled in the Women Infants and Children Nutritional Supplementation Program (WIC). Secondary data were used from the Infant Feeding Practices II Survey and its Year 6 Follow Up. Crosstabulations were performed to assess the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and maternal control over child health behaviors after 6 years. The null hypotheses were not rejected, as there was no relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and maternal control over physical activity or child eating behaviors. Findings revealed moderate to high levels of maternal control among WIC participants who breastfed for 3 months. This study may lead to positive social change by increasing the number of children who benefit from breast milk and improving childhood nutrition and physical activity, which will ultimately reduce child obesity disparities and promote maternal and child health altogether.

No description available.

O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer uma correlação entre o efeito da suplementação por meio da ingestão de castanhas-do-brasil (CS) com o estado nutricional de praticantes de capoeira em relação ao selênio (Se). A importância deste micronutriente foi evidenciada pela sua participação no sistema de proteção antioxidante, justificada pela incorporação de Se na glutationa peroxidase (E. C. 1.11.1.9). Esta enzima catalisa a redução de hidroperóxidos e facilita a conversão de H2O2, protegendo o organismo contra o dano oxidativo, e outros efeitos prejudiciais das espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS). A atividade física proporciona um aumento no consumo de O2 e consequentemente maior produção de ROS, provocando estresse oxidativo. A pesquisa foi composta por 29 capoeiristas, residentes em São Paulo, com idade média de 21 anos para mulheres, e 24 para homens. O período médio de treinamento foi de 3,51 por semana e a duração de cada treinamento em média, foi de 109 minutes. O consumo médio de oxigênio (VO2 Máx.) foi de 41 ml/kg/min para as mulheres, e 48mllkg/min para os homens. A classificação do estado nutricional dos capoeiristas, de acordo com seu IMC foi normal (Organização Mundial de Saúde, 1995). Antes da suplementação, a ingestão usual de Se dos capoeiristas foi insatisfatória de acordo com a EAR e RDA. A concentração de Se no plasma e eritrócito aumentou depois da suplementação com CS (p<0,05), mas não houve correlação com o sexo dos participantes. A atividade enzimática da GPx também aumentou após a suplementação (p<0,05), demonstrando que a enzima é um sensível indicador do estado nutricional de Se, e não houve correlação em relação ao sexo dos participantes. Os resultados sugerem uma correlação positiva entre o efeito da suplementacão com CS e a concentração de Se e da atividade da enzima GPx (p< 0,05; R=0,72 para o plasma and R=85 para o eritrócito). / The purpose of this study was to establish a correlation between the effect of supplementation with Brazilian nuts (BN) with the nutritional status of Se and it\'s activity in young adult capoeira players. The biological importance of this oligoelement was evident by the participation in the \"antioxidant protection system\". It\'s antioxidant role is justified by its incorporation, as selenium, in the peroxidase glutathione (E.C. 1.11.1.9). This enzyme catalyzes the reduction of organic hidroperoxides and facilitates the conversion of H2O2 protecting the organism against the oxidative damage, and other harmful effects of \"reactive oxygen species\" (ROS). The physical activity causes an increase in consumption of O2 and consequently high production of ROS, causing oxidative stress. The population has composed of 29 capoeira players resident in São Paulo, with a mean age of 21 women and 24 for men. The average training period was 3,51 per week and the duration of each training period was 109,46 minutes. The average oxygen consumption (VO2 Máx., ml/kg/min) was 41 for women and 48 for men. Nutritional status classification of the capoeira players (cap) according with World Health Organization (WHO): IMC (1995) was normal. Before supplementation the usual diet was unsatisfactory for selenium according to EAR and RDA (2000). The Se concentration of the plasma and erythrocyte increased after supplementation with Brazilian nuts (p< 0,05), but didn\'t correlated with the sex of the participants. GSH-Px enzymatic activity also increased after this supplementation (p< 0,05), showing that this enzyme is a sensitive marker of nutritional status of Se. Also we didn\'t found correlation with the sex of the participants. The results suggest a positive correlation between the effect of supplementation with BN and Se concentrations and the activity of the GSH-Px enzyme (p< 0,05; R=0,72 for the plasma and R=85 for the erythrocyte).

O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer uma correlação entre o efeito da suplementação por meio da ingestão de castanhas-do-brasil (CS) com o estado nutricional de praticantes de capoeira em relação ao selênio (Se). A importância deste micronutriente foi evidenciada pela sua participação no sistema de proteção antioxidante, justificada pela incorporação de Se na glutationa peroxidase (E. C. 1.11.1.9). Esta enzima catalisa a redução de hidroperóxidos e facilita a conversão de H2O2, protegendo o organismo contra o dano oxidativo, e outros efeitos prejudiciais das espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS). A atividade física proporciona um aumento no consumo de O2 e consequentemente maior produção de ROS, provocando estresse oxidativo. A pesquisa foi composta por 29 capoeiristas, residentes em São Paulo, com idade média de 21 anos para mulheres, e 24 para homens. O período médio de treinamento foi de 3,51 por semana e a duração de cada treinamento em média, foi de 109 minutes. O consumo médio de oxigênio (VO2 Máx.) foi de 41 ml/kg/min para as mulheres, e 48mllkg/min para os homens. A classificação do estado nutricional dos capoeiristas, de acordo com seu IMC foi normal (Organização Mundial de Saúde, 1995). Antes da suplementação, a ingestão usual de Se dos capoeiristas foi insatisfatória de acordo com a EAR e RDA. A concentração de Se no plasma e eritrócito aumentou depois da suplementação com CS (p<0,05), mas não houve correlação com o sexo dos participantes. A atividade enzimática da GPx também aumentou após a suplementação (p<0,05), demonstrando que a enzima é um sensível indicador do estado nutricional de Se, e não houve correlação em relação ao sexo dos participantes. Os resultados sugerem uma correlação positiva entre o efeito da suplementacão com CS e a concentração de Se e da atividade da enzima GPx (p< 0,05; R=0,72 para o plasma and R=85 para o eritrócito). / The purpose of this study was to establish a correlation between the effect of supplementation with Brazilian nuts (BN) with the nutritional status of Se and it\'s activity in young adult capoeira players. The biological importance of this oligoelement was evident by the participation in the \"antioxidant protection system\". It\'s antioxidant role is justified by its incorporation, as selenium, in the peroxidase glutathione (E.C. 1.11.1.9). This enzyme catalyzes the reduction of organic hidroperoxides and facilitates the conversion of H2O2 protecting the organism against the oxidative damage, and other harmful effects of \"reactive oxygen species\" (ROS). The physical activity causes an increase in consumption of O2 and consequently high production of ROS, causing oxidative stress. The population has composed of 29 capoeira players resident in São Paulo, with a mean age of 21 women and 24 for men. The average training period was 3,51 per week and the duration of each training period was 109,46 minutes. The average oxygen consumption (VO2 Máx., ml/kg/min) was 41 for women and 48 for men. Nutritional status classification of the capoeira players (cap) according with World Health Organization (WHO): IMC (1995) was normal. Before supplementation the usual diet was unsatisfactory for selenium according to EAR and RDA (2000). The Se concentration of the plasma and erythrocyte increased after supplementation with Brazilian nuts (p< 0,05), but didn\'t correlated with the sex of the participants. GSH-Px enzymatic activity also increased after this supplementation (p< 0,05), showing that this enzyme is a sensitive marker of nutritional status of Se. Also we didn\'t found correlation with the sex of the participants. The results suggest a positive correlation between the effect of supplementation with BN and Se concentrations and the activity of the GSH-Px enzyme (p< 0,05; R=0,72 for the plasma and R=85 for the erythrocyte).