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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feed value of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam) De Wit, as a renewable protein supplement for low-quality forages. Eight trials were conducted at the University of Pretoria experimental farm in Hatfield and the Agricultural Research Council experimental farm in Roodeplaat. The overall results showed that Leucaena leucocephala is a suitable protein supplement for low-quality forages. The chemical composition showed that Leucaena leucocephala forage has adequate potential nutrients. The rate of nitrogen degradation in the shoot was much slower and to a lesser extent than in mature pods with seeds, while the dry matter in the shoot degraded faster and to a greater extent than in the pods. In comparison with other forages (Lucerne, Eragrostis and Veld grass), Leucaena forage experienced a time lag of 6 hours before nitrogen could start degrading unlike the other three forages which did not have time lags. However, the dry matter in Leucaena forage did not experience any time lag, which gave Leucaena forage the best performance among the four forages. Lucerne on the other hand, had more readily available RDP, while Leucaena had more UDP. The effect of supplementing low-quality forages with varying levels of Leucaena forage was that the combinations between Leucaena and Veld grass gave better performance than the combinations between Leucaena and Eragrostis grass. Crude protein is the limiting factor in the performance of low-quality forages. Therefore, the supplementation of low-quality forage with Leucaena resulted in higher feed intake, digestibility and passage. The addition of Browse PlusTM increased the daily feed intake, the production of rumen ammonia and volatile fatty acids significantly. However, it did not have a significant effect on the rumen environment and the proportions of volatile fatty acids. The incubation and colour detector methods for the detection of Synergistes jonesii bacteria in the rumens of sheep were found to be simple, reliable and fast. It was confirmed that Synergistes jonesii bacteria can persist for more than four months in the rumens of sheep through autumn and winter drought without Leucaena forage in the diet. It was also shown that seasons have an influence on the level of mimosine in Leucaena forage. Hence, it was recommended that the forage has to be utilised fresh in summer when the level of mimosine is lower to minimise the risk of toxicity. / Agriculture, Animal Health and Human Ecology / D. Phil. (Environmental Science)

Orientador: Ellen Cristini Freitas / Banca: Anderson Marlierre Navarro / Banca: Carlos Roberto Bueno Junior / Resumo: Este estudo verificou a influência do programa "Academia CR" sobre o estado nutricional de indivíduos HIV+, em uso ou não de TARV. Estudo transversal com 70 indivíduos adultos HIV+ divididos em grupos segundo a prática ou não de exercício físico. Realizou-se avaliação da composição corporal, análise do lipidograma, avaliação do consumo alimentar e avaliação de parâmetros imunológicos. O grupo Academia encontrou-se eutrófico bem como o grupo Sedentário sem TARV, enquanto o grupo Sedentário com TARV encontrou-se com sobrepeso. Constatou-se que o grupo Sedentário com TARV apresentou maiores valores de RCQ e o grupo Academia sem TARV apresentou maiores valores para CB e CMB, ao contrário do grupo Sedentário sem TARV que apresentou menores valores. Com relação às variáveis DCB e DCT, observouse maiores valores para o grupo Academia sem TARV e menores para o grupo Sedentário sem TARV. Finalmente para a variável DCSi, o grupo Academia com TARV demonstrou menores valores, ao contrário do grupo Sedentário com TARV que mostrou maiores valores. Para a variável MG, os indivíduos do sexo masculino do grupo Sedentário com TARV apresentaram maiores valores quando comparados com os do grupo Academia e Sedentário com TARV e para as mulheres do grupo Sedentário com TARV apresentaram maiores valores quando comparados com as do grupo Sedentário sem TARV. Quanto à ingestão alimentar, houve DS para todos os macro e micronutrientes, com exceção do ferro e zinco. Apenas o grupo Sedentário sem TARV apresentou adequação na ingestão de energia, proteína e lipídeo. Quanto aos valores de colesterol total pode-se observar que o grupo Sedentário com TARV apresentou maiores valores. Para a variável HDL colesterol, observou-se que o grupo Academia com TARV demonstrou maiores valores, ao contrário do grupo Sedentário sem TARV que apresentou menores valores. Quanto aos triacilglicerídeos verificou-se que o grupo Academia ... / Abstract: Verified the influence of the program over the nutritional condition of HIV+ that are or aren't undergoing antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Cross-sectional study with 70 adult HIV+, were divided in two groups, following the pattern for physical practice or non-practice. There was a body composition evaluation, lipid profile analysis, dietary intake and immunological parameters evaluation. The individuals in the Academy group were eutrophic, same thing for the Sedentary ones without HAART, while the Sedentary group with HAART is overweight. It was found that Sedentary with HAART showed higher values of RCQ and the Academy without HAART showed higher values to CB and CMB, unlike the Sedentary without HAART who had the lowest values. Regarding the DCB and DCT variables, observed higher values for the Academy without HAART and lower for the Sedentary without HAART. Finally to DCSI variable, the Academy with HAART showed lower values, unlike Sedentary with HAART who showed larger values. For MG variable, the males of the Sedentary with HAART had higher values compared to the Academy and Sedentary with HAART and to the women of the Sedentary with HAART had higher values when compared with the Sedentary without HAART. As for dietary intake, were SD to macro and micronutrients, with the exception of iron and zinc. Only the Sedentary group without TARV had adequate intake of energy, protein and lipid. As the levels of total cholesterol may be observed that the Sedentary with HAART had higher values. For HDL cholesterol variable, it was observed that the Academy with HAART showed higher values, unlike the Sedentary without HAART who had the lowest values. As for triacylglycerides it was found that the Academy without HAART had lower values, unlike the Sedentary with HAART that presented the highest values. Regarding glucose, the Sedentary with HAART had higher values. For albumin, the Sedentary without HAART had lower values, unlike with HAART showed / Mestre

by Cha Chi Fai. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 139-154). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-12-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:11:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000735716.pdf: 436202 bytes, checksum: 515382694bf23ad4f48843c7e8817360 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Este estudo verificou a influência do programa “Academia CR” sobre o estado nutricional de indivíduos HIV+, em uso ou não de TARV. Estudo transversal com 70 indivíduos adultos HIV+ divididos em grupos segundo a prática ou não de exercício físico. Realizou-se avaliação da composição corporal, análise do lipidograma, avaliação do consumo alimentar e avaliação de parâmetros imunológicos. O grupo Academia encontrou-se eutrófico bem como o grupo Sedentário sem TARV, enquanto o grupo Sedentário com TARV encontrou-se com sobrepeso. Constatou-se que o grupo Sedentário com TARV apresentou maiores valores de RCQ e o grupo Academia sem TARV apresentou maiores valores para CB e CMB, ao contrário do grupo Sedentário sem TARV que apresentou menores valores. Com relação às variáveis DCB e DCT, observouse maiores valores para o grupo Academia sem TARV e menores para o grupo Sedentário sem TARV. Finalmente para a variável DCSi, o grupo Academia com TARV demonstrou menores valores, ao contrário do grupo Sedentário com TARV que mostrou maiores valores. Para a variável MG, os indivíduos do sexo masculino do grupo Sedentário com TARV apresentaram maiores valores quando comparados com os do grupo Academia e Sedentário com TARV e para as mulheres do grupo Sedentário com TARV apresentaram maiores valores quando comparados com as do grupo Sedentário sem TARV. Quanto à ingestão alimentar, houve DS para todos os macro e micronutrientes, com exceção do ferro e zinco. Apenas o grupo Sedentário sem TARV apresentou adequação na ingestão de energia, proteína e lipídeo. Quanto aos valores de colesterol total pode-se observar que o grupo Sedentário com TARV apresentou maiores valores. Para a variável HDL colesterol, observou-se que o grupo Academia com TARV demonstrou maiores valores, ao contrário do grupo Sedentário sem TARV que apresentou menores valores. Quanto aos triacilglicerídeos verificou-se que o grupo Academia... / Verified the influence of the program over the nutritional condition of HIV+ that are or aren’t undergoing antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Cross-sectional study with 70 adult HIV+, were divided in two groups, following the pattern for physical practice or non-practice. There was a body composition evaluation, lipid profile analysis, dietary intake and immunological parameters evaluation. The individuals in the Academy group were eutrophic, same thing for the Sedentary ones without HAART, while the Sedentary group with HAART is overweight. It was found that Sedentary with HAART showed higher values of RCQ and the Academy without HAART showed higher values to CB and CMB, unlike the Sedentary without HAART who had the lowest values. Regarding the DCB and DCT variables, observed higher values for the Academy without HAART and lower for the Sedentary without HAART. Finally to DCSI variable, the Academy with HAART showed lower values, unlike Sedentary with HAART who showed larger values. For MG variable, the males of the Sedentary with HAART had higher values compared to the Academy and Sedentary with HAART and to the women of the Sedentary with HAART had higher values when compared with the Sedentary without HAART. As for dietary intake, were SD to macro and micronutrients, with the exception of iron and zinc. Only the Sedentary group without TARV had adequate intake of energy, protein and lipid. As the levels of total cholesterol may be observed that the Sedentary with HAART had higher values. For HDL cholesterol variable, it was observed that the Academy with HAART showed higher values, unlike the Sedentary without HAART who had the lowest values. As for triacylglycerides it was found that the Academy without HAART had lower values, unlike the Sedentary with HAART that presented the highest values. Regarding glucose, the Sedentary with HAART had higher values. For albumin, the Sedentary without HAART had lower values, unlike with HAART showed

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feed value of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam) De Wit, as a renewable protein supplement for low-quality forages. Eight trials were conducted at the University of Pretoria experimental farm in Hatfield and the Agricultural Research Council experimental farm in Roodeplaat. The overall results showed that Leucaena leucocephala is a suitable protein supplement for low-quality forages. The chemical composition showed that Leucaena leucocephala forage has adequate potential nutrients. The rate of nitrogen degradation in the shoot was much slower and to a lesser extent than in mature pods with seeds, while the dry matter in the shoot degraded faster and to a greater extent than in the pods. In comparison with other forages (Lucerne, Eragrostis and Veld grass), Leucaena forage experienced a time lag of 6 hours before nitrogen could start degrading unlike the other three forages which did not have time lags. However, the dry matter in Leucaena forage did not experience any time lag, which gave Leucaena forage the best performance among the four forages. Lucerne on the other hand, had more readily available RDP, while Leucaena had more UDP. The effect of supplementing low-quality forages with varying levels of Leucaena forage was that the combinations between Leucaena and Veld grass gave better performance than the combinations between Leucaena and Eragrostis grass. Crude protein is the limiting factor in the performance of low-quality forages. Therefore, the supplementation of low-quality forage with Leucaena resulted in higher feed intake, digestibility and passage. The addition of Browse PlusTM increased the daily feed intake, the production of rumen ammonia and volatile fatty acids significantly. However, it did not have a significant effect on the rumen environment and the proportions of volatile fatty acids. The incubation and colour detector methods for the detection of Synergistes jonesii bacteria in the rumens of sheep were found to be simple, reliable and fast. It was confirmed that Synergistes jonesii bacteria can persist for more than four months in the rumens of sheep through autumn and winter drought without Leucaena forage in the diet. It was also shown that seasons have an influence on the level of mimosine in Leucaena forage. Hence, it was recommended that the forage has to be utilised fresh in summer when the level of mimosine is lower to minimise the risk of toxicity. / Agriculture, Animal Health and Human Ecology / D. Phil. (Environmental Science)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-13T14:50:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-04-21Bitstream added on 2014-08-13T18:01:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000766004_20141231.pdf: 524882 bytes, checksum: e0e178367ab409431b0b3a7d7da48c8e (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2015-01-05T11:00:45Z: 000766004_20141231.pdf,Bitstream added on 2015-01-05T11:01:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000766004.pdf: 1721286 bytes, checksum: 5e13fa61444e30cb6ad3554a1089314c (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Objetivos: realizar a adaptação transcultural para o português e a validação da Weight Concerns Scale (Escala de Preocupação com o Peso – WCS) e da Perceived Stress Scale (Escala de Estresse Percebido – PSS), estudar a equivalência entre as versões online e em papel da WCS e verificar a contribuição do estado nutricional, estresse percebido e de variáveis sociodemográficas na preocupação com peso de estudantes universitárias. Métodos: participaram 1.097 estudantes do sexo feminino matriculadas nos cursos de graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas e Ciências e Letras da Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP campus de Araraquara (SP) nos anos de 2011 e 2012. Foram levantadas informações sociodemográficas, além de medidas de peso e altura autorreferidos. Realizou-se a tradução e retrotradução dos instrumentos e, em seguida, os procedimentos de validação de face e de conteúdo. A sensibilidade psicométrica dos itens foi avaliada por meio das medidas de resumo (assimetria e curtose). Conduziu-se análise fatorial confirmatória das escalas utilizando os índices 2/gl (razão qui-quadrado e graus de liberdade), CFI (Confirmatory Fit Index), GFI (Goodness of Fit Index) e RMSEA (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation). Para avaliar a estabilidade dos modelos realizou-se análise multigrupos. A invariância entre os modelos foi testada utilizando-se a diferença do qui-quadrado (Δ²) para os pesos fatoriais (), para as Covariâncias (Cov) e Resíduos (Res) dos modelos. Estimou-se a validade convergente pelas medidas de Variância Extraída Média (VEM) e Confiabilibade Composta (CC). As validades concorrente e divergente foram calculadas por meio da análise correlacional (r) utilizando-se o Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) e a versão para estudantes do Inventário de Burnout de Maslach (MBI). A consistência interna das escalas foi calculada utilizando-se o Coeficiente alfa de Cronbach padronizado (α). Para ... / Objectives: perform a transcultural adaptation to Portuguese and validation of Weight Concerns Scale (WCS) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), study the equivalence between the online and paper-and-pencil versions of WCS and verify the contribution of nutritional status, perceived stress and sociodemographic variables in concern with female university students’ weight. Methods: participated 1097 undergraduate female students enrolled in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Sciences and Linguistics schools at Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP campus of Araraquara (São Paulo) in 2011/2012. Were raised sociodemographic information and measurements such as weight and height. Performed translation and back-translation of instruments and then the validation procedures of face and content. Psychometric sensitivity of the items was evaluated using the summary measures (skewness and kurtosis). Conducted confirmatory factor analysis of the scales from the indices 2/gl (chi-square ratio for degrees of freedom), CFI (Confirmatory Fit Index), GFI (Goodness of Fit Index) and RMSEA (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation). To assess the stability of the models was performed a multi groups analysis. The invariance of the models was tested using the chi-square difference (Δ²) for the factor weights (), Covariance (Cov) and Residue (Res) of the models. Estimated the convergent validity of the measures from the Average Variance Extracted (AVE) and Composite Reliability (CR). The concurrent and divergent validity were calculated by correlation analysis (r) using the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and the student version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The internal consistency of the scales was calculated by standardized Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (α). For WCS was performed a study to adjust the application mode (online and paper-and-pencil) of the measuring instrument. The impact of variables in weight concerns was estimated by a ... / FAPESP: 10/18279-3

Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-10T11:09:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-24Bitstream added on 2014-11-10T11:58:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000788264.pdf: 1488520 bytes, checksum: 6c28d4c6936f7458f1ee8ff2500c1f8d (MD5) / Contexto: A hepatectomia é uma cirurgia indicada para pacientes com carcinoma hepatocelular em estadios iniciais, tendo seus resultados e complicações relacionadas com o estado nutricional pré-operatório do paciente. Desta maneira, inúmeras propostas de terapia nutricional perioperatória surgiram com o objetivo de diminuir as complicações pós-operatórias, tempo de internação e mortalidade. Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade e segurança da terapia nutricional como parte do cuidado perioperatório em pacientes com carcinoma hepatocelular submetidos à hepatectomia, quando comparada a uma alimentação padrão/convencional, na diminuição da mortalidade. Tipo de estudo: Revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados e quase randomizados. Estratégia de busca: As seguintes bases de dados foram pesquisadas: Pubmed, CENTRAL, Embase e Lilacs. A data da última busca foi 17 de março de 2013. Critério para a seleção dos estudos: Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos que avaliaram terapia nutricional perioperatória em pacientes com carcinoma hepatocelular submetidos à hepatectomia na diminuição da mortalidade. Análise e coleta de dados: Dois revisores selecionaram independentemente os estudos relevantes, avaliaram a qualidade metodológica e extraíram os dados dos estudos. Resultados: Foram incluídos dois ensaios clínicos randomizados para análise qualitativa e um para análise quantitativa e representação de metanálise. Os resultados analisados foram mortalidade operatória e morbidade hospitalar, como desfechos primários, e parâmetros antropométricos, bioquímicos e imunológicos, como secundários. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos nutrição perioperatória e controle (risco relativo (RR) 0,52; intervalo de confiança (IC) 95% 0,19-1,47; p=0,22) quando avaliada a mortalidade operatória. Em relação à morbidade hospitalar houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os ... / Background: Hepatectomy is a surgical procedure indicated for patients with early stage hepatocellular carcinoma, and the results and complications of hepatectomy are related to the preoperative nutritional status of the patient. Thus, numerous perioperative nutritional support proposals to reduce postoperative complications, hospital stays and mortality have emerged. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of nutrition therapy during perioperative care in reducing mortality rates for hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing hepatectomy compared with standard care. Methods: A systematic review of randomised clinical trials and quasirandomised clinical trials was performed. The following electronic databases were searched: Pubmed, CENTRAL, Embase and Lilacs. The last search date was March 17, 2013. Study selection: In this study were included clinical trials that evaluated perioperative nutritional support in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing hepatectomy and that presented reduction in mortality rates. Analyses and data collection: Two reviewers independently selected the relevant studies and evaluated the quality of the methodology. Results: The review included two randomised clinical trials in the qualitative synthesis and one in the quantitative synthesis. The following interventions were analysed: operative mortality, postoperative morbidity, the anthropometrics, biochemical and immunological parameters. No statistical operative mortality differences were observed between the perioperative nutritional and control groups (relative risk (RR) 0,52; confiance interval (CI) 95% 0,19-1,47; p=0,22); however, there was a significant between-group difference in postoperative morbidity, there was significant difference between studied groups (RR 0,62; CI 95% 0,45-0,96; p=0,02). The secondary endpoints were not evaluated because we’re not presented on original article, was sent to the author solicitation, ...