Bakgrund För att uppnå en god prestationsförmåga är det viktigt att tillföra energi och näring före, under och efter träning. Det finns ett flertal rekommendationer som beskriver hur detta kostintag bör se ut.Syfte Att jämföra svenska elitinnebandyspelares och motionärers kunskap gällande etablerade kostrekommendationer i samband med träning, samt att undersöka om deltagarna anser sig ha kunskap gällande kost för att optimera sin prestationsförmåga, var den eventuella kunskapen förvärvats och om det finns intresse för mer kunskap.Metod En kvantitativ metod, i form av en enkät, användes. Till databearbetningen utformades en rättningsmall, som baseras på rekommendationer från American Dietetics Association and Dietitians of Canada, Sveriges Olympiska Kommitté och Uppladdningen - Ladda för Innebandy. Vid statistiska test sattes en signifikansnivå till p<0,05.Resultat I studien deltog 79 elitinnebandyspelare och 101 motionärer. Ingen skillnad kunde noteras mellan grupperna vad gäller kunskap om kostrekommendationer i samband med träning. Båda grupperna uppvisade sämre kunskaper om kostrekommendationerna gällande före träning, jämfört med under och efter träning. De flesta av deltagarna, 96 % (n=76) av innebandyspelarna och 83 % (n=84) av motionärerna, ansåg sig ha kunskap om hur de ska äta för att optimera sin prestationsförmåga, samtidigt som många ville ha mer kunskap inom området.Slutsats Elitinnebandyspelarna ansåg sig i högre grad besitta kunskap om kost vid träning, men gruppen uppvisade i stort sett samma kunskap som motionärsgruppen. Kostrekommendationerna som finns för uppladdning inför träning behöver i större utsträckning förmedlas till svenska elitinnebandyspelare och motionärer, vilka även visar ett intresse för ökad kunskap inom ämnet. / Background It is important to add energy and nutrients before, during and after a workout session to perform on a high level. Several guidelines which describe this nutritional intake exist.Objective To compare the knowledge among Swedish elite floorball players and amateur athletes regarding nutritional guidelines before, during and after training sessions. Also to investigate their knowledge of how to optimize their performance with the correct nutrition, where this knowledge has been found and their interest in learning more about recommended nutrition.Method A quantitative study, based on a questionnaire which examines the parameters suited to the objective. A correction template was formulated for processing the data. The template is based on recommendations from the American Dietetic Association and Dietitians of Canada, the Swedish Olympic Committee and Uppladdningen – Ladda för Innebandy. The significance level was chosen to be p<0.05.Results The study involved 79 Swedish elite floorball players and 101 amateur athletes. No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of their knowledge of the recommendations regarding nutrition in conjunction with training. Both groups seemed more knowledgeable of the recommendations regarding nutrition during and after workouts compared to their knowledge of how to prepare for a workout. Most participants wanted to learn more about performance optimization with nutrition, at the same time 96 % of the floorball players and 83 % of the amateurs considered their knowledge to be sufficient.Conclusion Generally the elite floorball players estimated their knowledge about nutrition for exercising to be higher, but their exhibited knowledge were similar to the knowledge shown by the amateur athletes. Guidelines regarding nutrition before workouts should be focused on when informing Swedish floorball players and amateur athletes, and the interest to learn more exists.

The title of the work: Nutritional status of seniors depending on their dietary habits. The aim of the work: The aim of my project is monitoring of nutritional status of women in the age group between 55-74 years old. Methodology: This work is a case study and is composed as a qualitative research. The main method for determining the nutritional status and dietary habits of the women was interwiev, clinical and anthropometric examination according to a standardized protocol input of Survey Project-Health application (Fiala, 1998). As for data collecting, it is a prospective study. The obtained data regarding nutritional habits, alcohol consumption, smoking, level of physical activity, psychosocial stress, family anamnesis, blood pressure, anthropometric and biochemical parameters of individual respondents were processed by a computer program Survey (Kozina, 2001). The results are in output protocols, which contain charts, scales, tables and text with graphic design program options within Excel. Outcomes: Nutritional status of women in the study (55 - 74 year old) shows the overweight or even obesity. Only 10 % of the women had % of body fat in standard, 90 % had high % of body fat. 7 participants out of 10 showed rather hazardous or risky android fat deposition in the abdominal area. Common to all...

Många konsumenter är idag mycket hälsomedvetna och önskar att äta en hälsosam kost, men möter i sin vardag ett flertal problem. Livsmedelsval kan handla om ställningstaganden och identitet, prismedvetenhet och miljömedvetenhet. Många faktorer påverkar synen på vad som är en hälsosam kost. Livsmedelsvalet blir därför ett komplext vardagsproblem för konsumenten. Det påverkas i viss mån av begrepp från den mediala debatten kring livsmedel, kost och hälsa. Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka vad ett urval av konsumenter äter och vad de anser att de borde äta. Ett ytterligare delsyfte var att studera vad en hälsosam kost kan vara enligt respondenterna i studien. Detta gjordes genom sex semi-strukturerade intervjuer och ett livsmedelsfrekvensformulär på webben med fyrahundra respondenter. Det fanns skillnader mellan respondenternas uppskattade konsumtion av olika livsmedel och deras uppfattningar om hur ofta dessa livsmedel bör ingå i en hälsosam kost. Respondenternas uppfattning om hur den hälsosamma kosten ska se ut samstämmer till stor grad med Livsmedelsverkets näringsrekommendationer från 2004 samt förslaget till Nordiska Näringsrekommendationer från juni 2012. Män och kvinnors uppfattningar om hur ofta livsmedel passar in i den hälsosamma kosten skiljde sig åt. Mäns bild av hälsosam kost inkluderar i högre grad livsmedel som exempelvis korv och processat kött, godis och snacks, medan kvinnors bild oftare  inkluderar frukt, bär och grönsaker. Respondenten var överlag välinformerad och visste hur en hälsosam kost bör komponeras enligt nuvarande riktlinjer. / Most consumers today are very health conscious and wish to eat a healthy diet, but they are faced with several problems in their everyday lives. Food and product choices can be about taking a stance and showing your identity, whether that is as a price conscious or environmentally conscious customer. As such many factors are in play when the consumer decides what a healthy diet is. The choice of diet and food thus becomes a complex everyday challenge. This is influenced by the debate around food and health in what is termed the mass media. The purpose of the study was to show how a sample of Swedish consumers percieve a healthy diet, the relation of said perception to comming nutrition reccommendations and the consumers’ views of diet and health. The study used semi-structured interviews as well as a web-based food frequency questionnaire with fourhundred respondents. Interviews centered on concepts of healthy diet and unhealthy diet, as well as the meaning of words frequently used in the debate around diet and health in mass media. The consumer’s view of a healthy diet mainly coincides with Swedish Nutritional Recommendations from 2004 and the proposal for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations from June, 2012. There are differences in the opinions of male and female subjects between self-estimated food consumption, the view of what a healthy diet should look like and on how often the defined food items should be consumed. A higher frequency of consumption of food items that the proposal for the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations have recommended be reduced, such as sausages, snacks and sweets was more acceptable to men than to women. Women’s perception of a healthy diet included a higher frequency of consumption of food items that the proposal for the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations have recommended be increased, such as fruits, berries and vegetables. Over all, the subjects were well informed and knowledgeable about what constitutes a healthy diet.

This thesis deals with nutrition and diet, especially at a young age. The aim of this thesis is to investigate and compare the dietary habits of selected pupils from the Czech Republic and Denmark. It is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part deals with the basic elements of nutrition, proper eating and water intake, general nutritional recommendations for children and adults, and nutrition of children. In addition the theoretical part of the thesis is focused on a catering in the Czech Republic and Denmark. The practical part contains results of a research concentrated on eating habits of a selected group of school children in the Czech Republic and Denmark. As a method of data collection was chosen the written form of an anonymous questionnaire. As part of the survey were compared to partial aspects of eating. These were mainly the consumption of fruits, vegetables, sweets, soft drinks, dairy products and fast food. The survey shows that a selected group of Danish children in selected aspects eat better. A group of Danish children consume more vegetables and fruits and consume more whole grain dark bread instead of light. In contrast, a group of Czech children consume more sweets and drink more soft drinks. Daily diet Czechs and Danes are very different. The survey...

Submitted by MARCIA ROVADOSCHI (marciar@unifra.br) on 2018-08-22T13:36:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_LucianePereiraBerlato.pdf: 1986208 bytes, checksum: bc06727d22ddb92bcdb2e0c0a435d0e9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T13:36:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_LucianePereiraBerlato.pdf: 1986208 bytes, checksum: bc06727d22ddb92bcdb2e0c0a435d0e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-27 / Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is defined as the slow, progressive and irreversible loss of renal function. Women with CKD in dialysis rarely become pregnant, and assistance to them is critical to the prevention of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. These patients present reduced body and protein reserves, due to metabolic changes originated in the disease and dialysis. The objective of this study was to analyze the evolution of pregnant women on hemodialysis and to propose nutritional care strategies by means of a protocol. The project was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee under the number 1,698,420. It was necessary to present the methodology in two components in order to reach the research objective: (1) This is a longitudinal retrospective study, carried out in the hemodialysis centers of Rio Grande do Sul. Pre-gestational data were collected and from each quarter of the pregnancy with a form containing gestational age, age at the beginning of the pregnancy, biochemical values, clinical behaviors, weight and height. Statistical analyzes were performed in the software Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), version 18.0., considering the level of significance of 5% (p <0.05). (2) A descriptive study, with a quantitative methodological validation approach. The validation consisted of two steps: elaboration of the protocol with an integrative revision of the literature and validation of the content by judges/experts following the Delphi method. The protocol was elaborated in blocks, with anthropometric evaluation, biochemistry, food consumption, nutritional recommendations and supplementation. The percentage of concordance between the judges and the content validity index (CVI) was evaluated by each pair of judges. The results follow the components of the methodology: (1) In the retrospective longitudinal study, 15 medical records of pregnant women undergoing hemodialysis, with a mean age of 29.86 ± 6.87, were analyzed. Most Hemodialysis Centers reused the dialysis filters, and 93% of the women used erythropoietin. Systolic blood pressure had higher mean values in the third trimester. The first and second quarters were the periods in which there were higher percentages of pregnant women with low weight (40%). In the biochemical values, there was a statistically significant difference for the phosphorus and potassium values, which presented lower mean values in the second trimester. (2) In the instrument validation study, 29 professionals were invited, 13 accepted to participate in the study, among them 50% nutritionists, 66.6% nurses and 16% doctors. The first version of the instrument presented 55 items divided into blocks of evaluations and recommendations. In the second round, the instrument was reformulated to 38 items, 20 in the evaluation block, 14 in the recommendation block and four items related to nutritional supplementation. The adequacy percentage was 81.77% and 96.20%, and the CVI was 0.90 and 0.98 in the first and second round, respectively. Therefore, it is concluded that the clinical evolution of pregnant women was similar to that suggested by the literature, with the exception of the daily exchange of dialysis filters. The high percentage of low weight in the first and second gestational trimesters is highlighted, although there is no statistically significant difference. In the course of gestation, serum phosphorus and potassium levels decreased. As noted, the Centers do not use standard protocols for both evaluation and nutritional behaviors, so the protocol developed and validated for this study will serve to guide professionals in their behaviors. Although there is no statistically significant difference for other variables, the high percentage of low weight in the first and second gestational trimesters is highlighted. As observed, the centers do not use standard protocols for both assessment and nutritional behaviors, so the nutritional care protocol developed and validated in this study will serve to guide professionals in their behaviors. / A Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) é definida como a perda lenta, progressiva e irreversível das funções renais. Mulheres com DRC em tratamento dialítico, raramente engravidam, e a assistência a elas é fundamental para a prevenção da morbimortalidade materna e fetal. Essas pacientes apresentam redução das reservas corporais de proteína e energia, pelas alterações metabólicas da doença e do procedimento dialítico. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a evolução da gestante em hemodiálise e propor estratégias de atenção nutricional por meio de um protocolo. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa sob parecer número 1.698.420. Para atingir o objetivo da pesquisa, foi necessário apresentar a metodologia e resultados em dois componentes: (1) Trata-se de um estudo longitudinal retrospectivo, realizado nos centros de hemodiálise do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram coletados dados pré-gestacionais e de cada trimestre da gestação com formulário contendo idade gestacional, idade no início da gestação, valores bioquímicos, condutas clínicas, peso e estatura. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas no software Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), versão 18.0, considerando o nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). (2) Estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa de validação metodológica de instrumento. A validação constituiu-se de duas etapas: elaboração do protocolo com revisão integrativa da literatura e validação do conteúdo por juízes/especialistas seguindo o método Delphi. O protocolo foi elaborado por blocos, com avaliação antropométrica, bioquímica, do consumo alimentar, recomendações nutricionais e suplementação. Avaliou-se a porcentagem de concordância entre os juízes e o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) para cada par de juízes. Os resultados seguem os componentes da metodologia: (1) No estudo longitudinal retrospectivo, analisaram-se 15 prontuários de gestantes em hemodiálise, que apresentavam média de idade de 29,86±6,87 anos. A maioria dos Centros de Hemodiálise fez reuso dos filtros de diálise, e 93% das gestantes usaram eritropoietina. A pressão arterial sistólica apresentou maiores valores médios no terceiro trimestre. O primeiro e segundo trimestres foram os períodos em que houve maiores percentuais de gestantes classificadas com baixo peso (40%). Nos valores bioquímicos, houve diferença estatisticamente significativa para os valores de fósforo e potássio, os quais apresentaram menores valores médios no segundo trimestre. (2) No estudo de validação metodológica de instrumento, foram convidados 29 profissionais, 13 aceitaram participar do estudo, entre eles cinco nutricionistas, seis enfermeiros e um médico. A primeira versão do instrumento apresentou 55 itens divididos em blocos de avaliações e recomendações. Na segunda rodada, reformulou-se o instrumento, passando para 38 itens, sendo 20 no bloco de avaliação, 14 no bloco de recomendação e quatro itens referentes à suplementação nutricional. O percentual de adequação foi de 81,77% e 96,20%, e o IVC foi de 0,90 e 0,98 na primeira e segunda rodada, respectivamente. Sendo assim, conclui-se que a evolução clínica das gestantes foi semelhante ao que sugere a literatura, com exceção da troca diária de filtros de diálise. Ressalta-se o elevado percentual de baixo peso no primeiro e segundo trimestre gestacional, apesar de não haver diferença estatisticamente significativas. No decorrer da gestação, houve declínio dos valores séricos de fósforo e potássio. Conforme observado, os Centros não utilizam protocolos padrões tanto para avaliação quanto para as condutas nutricionais sendo assim, o protocolo elaborado e validado para este estudo servirá para nortear os profissionais em suas condutas. Apesar de não haver diferença estatisticamente significativas para outras variáveis, ressalta-se o elevado percentual de baixo peso no primeiro e segundo trimestres gestacionais. Conforme observado os centros não utilizam protocolos padrão tanto para avaliação quanto para as condutas nutricionais, sendo assim, o protocolo de atenção nutricional elaborado e validado neste estudo servirá para nortear os profissionais em suas condutas.