The purpose of this study is to investigate how the Swedish laws regulate the proactive work of employers to prevent employees from getting sexual harassed or harassed on the basis of sex. The purpose is also to investigate how employers are supposed to handle employees whom have been sexual harassed or harassed on the basis of sex. Sweden has a segregated labor market which means that women and men tends to select different professions. This leaves marks on the equality for women and men, which also has effect on the fact that women and men are being harassed in the workplace or situations associated with the work. By investigating genderresearch I am hoping to find out why more employees get sexual harassed or harassed on the basis of their sex in segregated professions. The definition of sexual harassment is unwanted behavior that alludes on sex, and thereby violates the person’s dignity. Harassment on the basis of sex, on the other hand, is unwanted behavior that violates a person’s dignity on the basis of the person’s sex. The person who gets sexual harassments or harassments on the basis of sex, has an obligation to make sure that the perpetrator knows that the behavior is unwanted. This is as long as the sexual harassments or harassments on the basis of sex is not considered as a gross violation. The employer has an obligation to prevent employees from getting sexual harassed or harassed on the basis of sex. In case a employee gets sexual harassed or harassed on the basis of sex by someone whom is working for the employer, it is the employers obligation to investigate the circumstances and take necessary actions. This obligation also involves the employer to take necessary actions to prevent any future sexual harassments and harassments on the basis of sex or retaliation. It is also the employers obligation, as an effort to make working places equal, to make an effort to get the underrepresented sex to seek employment at the employer. One of the reasons that sexual harassments and harassments on the basis of sex could be explained by looking back at Sweden’s history, where women always have been in a subordinate role to men. By “doing gender” in everyday activities, stereotypical ideals of how women and men are supposed to act are being maintained. The gender segregated professions creates norms and jargon that places the underrepresented sex in an exposed role.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this thesis is to assess the Crown’s Constitutional duty of consultation and its application on the holders of Treaty rights. Indigenous legal and Constitutional orders are the underpinning of the consensual Treaties. They were negotiated by sovereign nations through mutual consent and established a distinct Constitutional authority establishing rights, responsibilities and rules of coexistence. Their implementation is a Crown Constitutional obligation. This thesis argues that the duty to consult jurisprudence reveals systemic colonial problems in the common law Treaty rights paradigm by colonial interpretation, unilateral abridgement and justified infringement of the consensual Treaty. Further, judicial and politically created doctrines of the honour of the Crown and reconciliation are rendered meaningless when used as part of the ongoing colonial paradigm and abridgement of Treaties. This thesis argues that Canada must enter a post-colonial era by giving content to Indigenous legal and Constitutional orders by implementing Treaty through Treaty Constitutionalism. This requires Canada to undertake a Constitutional paradigm shift to accord the sacred and inviolable Treaties their proper place as foundational instruments in the building of Canada. This means, as well, that the only forum for proper consultation on the numbered Treaties is through Constitutional conferences with full and equal participation of Treaty First Nations.

This dissertation examines the influence of the psychological contract and leadership styles on the perceived performance of semi-professional rugby teams. Little research has connected the psychological contract and sport, and little research has investigated the effect of specific leader behaviours on the performance of sport teams. It was therefore the objective of this dissertation to analyse the content of the psychological contract of rugby team members, and to determine the correlation between the psychological contract and the perceived performance of rugby team members. This dissertation also set out to analyse the content of the preferred leadership style of the team captain and the own leadership style of team members, and to determine the correlation between leadership styles and perceived performance. A longitudinal research design was chosen, along with a non-probability sampling technique. The sample consisted of rugby team members from a prominent rugby-playing university in South Africa. Questionnaires were used to investigate the content of the psychological contract and preferred leadership style and own leadership style, as well as their relationship to perceived performance. The results indicated no correlation between the psychological contract and perceived performance, nor any correlation between leadership styles and perceived performance. A strong correlation, on the other hand, was found between the preferred leadership style of the team captain and the own leadership style of team members. A strong correlation between institute obligations and player obligations was also established. / Thesis (M.Com. (Industrial Sociology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

This dissertation examines the influence of the psychological contract and leadership styles on the perceived performance of semi-professional rugby teams. Little research has connected the psychological contract and sport, and little research has investigated the effect of specific leader behaviours on the performance of sport teams. It was therefore the objective of this dissertation to analyse the content of the psychological contract of rugby team members, and to determine the correlation between the psychological contract and the perceived performance of rugby team members. This dissertation also set out to analyse the content of the preferred leadership style of the team captain and the own leadership style of team members, and to determine the correlation between leadership styles and perceived performance. A longitudinal research design was chosen, along with a non-probability sampling technique. The sample consisted of rugby team members from a prominent rugby-playing university in South Africa. Questionnaires were used to investigate the content of the psychological contract and preferred leadership style and own leadership style, as well as their relationship to perceived performance. The results indicated no correlation between the psychological contract and perceived performance, nor any correlation between leadership styles and perceived performance. A strong correlation, on the other hand, was found between the preferred leadership style of the team captain and the own leadership style of team members. A strong correlation between institute obligations and player obligations was also established. / Thesis (M.Com. (Industrial Sociology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Work-life balance is a dominant discourse in contemporary Western society. It has been built on a language of large organizations, hence has not been widely considered in relation to the small-medium enterprise sector. As a consequence, scant research has been conducted on the experiences of immigrant entrepreneurs and work-life balance within the small-medium enterprise sector in New Zealand, a country largely populated with migrants and small businesses which account for 96 per cent of the total enterprises. This study aims to fill this gap by firstly exploring the interpretations of the concept of work-life balance by Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs and, secondly, the main challenges they face in achieving work-life balance. This is done by drawing on literatures including those on work-life balance, small-medium enterprises, and immigrant entrepreneurship theories. Primary research was conducted using a critical interpretive approach where the researcher is an insider to the study. This philosophical and methodological approach makes it possible to give a minority group a voice to effect social change and gain further research attention. Fifteen Chinese business owners, chosen from a variety of industries within the Auckland region, participated in this study. A qualitative methodological technique and semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data for the case study on these entrepreneurs. The results indicate that the majority do not enjoy a sense of work-life balance because they take on filial obligations important for their own culture. They need to work hard to generate financial profit for the benefit of family. About half of them work more than 60 hours per week and three works longer than 70 hours weekly. The motivation for them to work in this way is to provide their family with desirable housing and to enable their children to meet higher education goals. This study challenges the applicability of the work-life balance discourse among the immigrant entrepreneurs who perceive the concept differently based on their cultural values. The results emphasise the need for business case studies from Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs and research attention on contemporary human resource topics to be given to minority groups.

Teilw. zugl.: @Cambridge, Univ., Diss., 2004. / Literaturverz. S. [593] - 613.

Univ., Diss.--Cambridge, 2004. / Literaturverz. S. [593] - 613.

Mémoire (M.P.M.O.)-- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1993. / Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

L'objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer à améliorer le calcul de la valorisation des obligations d'entreprise, notamment en essayant de tirer des leçons de la récente crise économique et financière. Afin d'atteindre cet objectif, nous proposons une approche basée sur les spreads de crédit. Nous commençons, dans un premier chapitre, par une analyse des principaux modèles de valorisation existants, que nous reformulons du point de vue des spreads et que nous simulons numériquement. Nous montrons que, malgré les caractéristiques attrayantes des modèles de type structurel, ceux ci comportent plusieurs lacunes qui peuvent être trompeuses surtout en contexte de crise. Dans les deuxième et troisième chapitres, nous mettons l'accent sur les spreads empiriques, que nous analysons pendant les crises des subprimes et de la zone euro. Par l'intermédiaire : (i) d'une analyse descriptive, (ii) d'analyses en composantes principales, ainsi que (iii) d'analyses par régressions statistiques, nous parvenons à mettre la lumière sur plusieurs facteurs qui affectent les mouvements des spreads et qui ne sont pas pris en compte par les modèles existants. Parmi ces facteurs, nous montrons : (i) que la vague de sauvetage des banques pendant la crise a eu un effet considérable sur les spreads de crédit, et (ii) que la taille d'une firme a également un effet sur ses spreads. Sur la base de ces résultats empiriques, nous proposons dans un quatrième chapitre une contribution à la modélisation structurelle des obligations d'entreprise, qui prend en compte la possibilité des firmes de négocier un sauvetage en cas de détresse. À l'aide de ce modèle, nous parvenons, d'une part, à reproduire les observations empiriques de spreads plus faibles pour des probabilités de sauvetage plus élevées (comme c'est le cas pour les grandes banques), et d'autre part, à combler plusieurs lacunes des modèles existants, tels que les simples mécanismes de faillite, ou les faibles spreads de crédit pour les courtes maturités. / The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the improvement of the valuation of corporate bonds, particularly by drawing some lessons from the recent economic and financial crisis. In order to achieve this goal, we propose an approach based on corporate bonds' credit spreads. We start, in the first chapter, by analyzing the main existing valuation models, which we reformulate from the standpoint of credit spreads and which we simulate numerically. We show that, despite the attractive features that the structural models have, the latter exert contain several shortcomings which may be misleading especially in a crisis context. In the second and third chapters, we focus on the empirical credit spreads, which we analyze during the subprime crisis and the Eurozone crisis periods. By the means of : (i) a descriptive analysis, (ii) principal component analyses, and(iii) statistical regression analyses, we manage to shed light on a number of factors which affect the movements of the spreads and have not been addressed by the existing models. Among these factors, we show that : (i) the wave of bailouts that occurred during the crisis has had an important effect on the spreads, and (ii) the size of a firm is connected with its spreads. Based on these empirical results, we propose in the fourth chapter a contribution to the modeling of corporate bonds which accounts for the possibility of firms to negotiate a rescue plan in case of distress. This model allows us, on the one hand, to reproduce the empirical observations of lower credit spreads for higher probabilities of receiving a bailout (as it is the case for large banks), and on the other hand, to tackle several drawbacks of the existing models, such as the simple bankruptcy mechanisms or the low credit spreads for short maturities.

The thesis explores whether, prior to the nineteenth century regime of legislative intervention which anglicised the law relating to contracts of sale for goods, the Scots common law underlying contracts of sale developed in a unitary fashion. Did the same principles apply regardless of whether the subject of the sale was corporeal moveable, corporeal immoveable or incorporeal? This question is analysed through a case study of the common law contractual implied warranty of soundness, and its application to the three types of property mentioned above. While this study does not provide a definitive answer on its own, it does give us a preliminary indication as to whether the law was unified or not. The thesis relies primarily on Scots case law and academic writings, employing historical and doctrinal methodologies. The study is supplemented by comparative law from France, Germany, South Africa and England. Roman law, and the works certain Ius Commune writers, are also referenced. The thesis can be divided into four parts. The first part explores whether academic texts on the contract of sale dating prior to the legislative intervention took a unified approach in their discussion. This establishes whether scholars from this period viewed the contract of sale as unified; and aids the analysis in subsequent chapters. The second part examines the warranty’s substantive framework in the context of its development, in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, through case law featuring corporeal moveable property. The third part looks at the warranty’s use in contracts of sale for corporeal immoveable property. Here, I establish that: 1) there was no consensus as to whether or not the warranty applied to this type of property; and 2) the warranty was not utilised by buyers of this type of property in practice. I identify a combination of factors which prevented buyers of latently defective corporeal immoveable property from invoking the warranty. The final part of the thesis examines the warranty’s actual and theoretical application to contracts of sale for incorporeal property. It establishes that the warranty would be relevant to some, but not all, types of incorporeal property.