abstract: Positioned between Beethoven and Liszt in the golden period, Carl Czerny (1791-1857) played a significant historical role in the area of piano pedagogy. Many pianists are familiar with and have played Czerny’s études, or technical exercises. However, few delve into Czerny’s piano works for performance, including eleven piano sonatas and more than 180 works titled variations. The project at hand examines three of Carl Czerny’s variation works for piano: Opus 33 (on a theme of Rode), Opus 281 (on a theme from Bellini’s Norma, in its solo piano version), and Opus 292 (on an original theme). These works are explored from both compositional and performance perspectives. After a brief biography of Czerny that places his variations into the context of his compositional output, the three variation sets are given analytical description. A chapter on the “Rode Variations” focuses on the technical and musical challenges for the pianist. An important conclusion reached is that these somewhat-neglected works might be attractive to pianists looking to expand their repertoire. / Dissertation/Thesis / Variations brillantes sur un thême original, Opus 292 / Carl Czerny Introduction, variations et presto finale sur un Thème favori de l’Opéra Norma de Bellini, Opus 281 / Rode Variations, Opus 33 / Doctoral Dissertation Music 2020

<p>Medverkande: Erik Wallin, Violin och Albert Dahllöf, Piano</p><p>Korngolds Violinkonsert i D-Dur op.35 sats 1, Moderato Nobile</p>

O Quarteto de cordas em sol menor de Claude Debussy é uma obra marcada por importantes dicotomias. Composta em 1893, ela se encontra permeada de elementos harmônicos e formais ligados à tradição tonal e ao final do século XIX, particularmente ao compositor César Franck. Ao mesmo tempo, a peça utiliza procedimentos que são observados apenas em obras maduras do compositor, nas quais o tonalismo se encontra pouco presente, e análises que dependam exclusivamente de elementos tonais mostramse pouco eficientes para o Quarteto. Essa relação entre tradição e inovação é investigada nesta pesquisa, que traz como enfoque duas características diretamente relacionadas: a maneira como Debussy utiliza elementos repetidos nesta peça, assunto pesquisado por Sylveline Bourion, e aspectos relativos à forma cinética, elemento descrito por Richard Parks. Uma comparação entre o primeiro movimento do Quarteto e o primeiro movimento da Sonata para flauta, viola e harpa, peça do final da carreira de Debussy, é oportuna para que sejam observados elementos formais semelhantes aplicados em contextos diferentes. / Claude Debussy\'s String quartet in G minor is a work characterized by important dichotomies. Written in 1893, the piece is permeated by harmonic and formal elements attached to the tonal tradition and to the end of the 19th century, and specially to the composer César Franck. At the same time, the Quartet uses procedures observed only in Debussy\'s mature works, in which the presence of tonalism is weak, and analyses that rely exclusively on tonal elements are proven to have little efficiency regarding this piece. The relation between tradition and innovation is examined in this research, which focuses on two related characteristics: the way in which Debussy uses repeated elements in this piece, a matter also examined by Sylveline Bourion, and aspects related to the kinetic form described by Richard Parks. A comparison between the Quartet\'s first movement and the first movement from the Sonata for flute, viola and harp, composed at the end of Debussy\'s career, is useful for observing similar formal elements applied in different contexts.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender os processos composicionais contidos no Op. 199, Les Guitares bien Tempérés, de Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco (1895-1968). Este ciclo de 24 prelúdios e fugas é a maior obra original para duo de violões e, vindo de um compositor não-violonista, contextualizam-se, aqui, pontos importantes de sua formação, de seus intérpretes e de seu período. Algumas perguntas se destacam no percurso da pesquisa: quem foi este compositor? Quais foram os fatos mais marcantes de sua formação musical? Por que esta obra é tão importante para a formação de duo de violões? Qual é o perfil bibliográfico que se encontra para a produção deste trabalho? E, principalmente, como se pode descrever o estilo desta obra? Fundamentando-se em referenciais teórico-metodológicos (STEBLIN, 1982; LARUE, 1992; OTERO, 1999; entre outros), o trabalho parte dos sentidos tradicionais do Prelúdio e da Fuga e de como o compositor se relaciona com eles. Mostra como resultados da pesquisa os parâmetros musicais, que permeiam a obra como um todo (macroestrutura) e dialogam entre as partes (média e microestrutura), entrecruzando os elementos contribuintes (som, harmonia, melodia e ritmo) e outros desdobramentos (tonalidades, texturas, intensidades, harmonias, melodias, andamentos, expressões e afetos/humores). Desse modo, a pesquisa levou à compressão de diversos processos composicionais contidos na obra. / The aim of this work is to understand the compositional techniques employed by Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco (1895-1968) in his Op. 199, Les Guitares bien Tempérés. This cycle of 24 Preludes and Fugues for two guitars is known as the largest original work for guitar duo and, coming from a non-guitarist composer, elucidates various aspects of his background and the performance of his works. Some of the most important questions addressed include: Who is Castelnuovo-Tedesco? What were the highlights of his musical training? Why is this work so important to the guitar duo ensemble? What kind of bibliographic references are available on this work? And, most importantly, how can the style of this work be described? This work in based on theoretical-methodological references (STEBLIN, 1982; LARUE, 1992; OTERO, 1999; among others), it begins with a discussion of the composer\'s approach to the traditional definitions of Prelude and Fugue. The results of this research highlight the musical guidelines that permeate the work both as a whole (macrostructure) and in parts (middle and microstructure), crossing contributing elements (sound, harmony, melody and rhythm), and other details (keys, textures, dynamics, harmonies, tempos, expressions and affections/humor). Thus, this research has led to the understanding of multiple compositional processes contained in the work.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender os processos composicionais contidos no Op. 199, Les Guitares bien Tempérés, de Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco (1895-1968). Este ciclo de 24 prelúdios e fugas é a maior obra original para duo de violões e, vindo de um compositor não-violonista, contextualizam-se, aqui, pontos importantes de sua formação, de seus intérpretes e de seu período. Algumas perguntas se destacam no percurso da pesquisa: quem foi este compositor? Quais foram os fatos mais marcantes de sua formação musical? Por que esta obra é tão importante para a formação de duo de violões? Qual é o perfil bibliográfico que se encontra para a produção deste trabalho? E, principalmente, como se pode descrever o estilo desta obra? Fundamentando-se em referenciais teórico-metodológicos (STEBLIN, 1982; LARUE, 1992; OTERO, 1999; entre outros), o trabalho parte dos sentidos tradicionais do Prelúdio e da Fuga e de como o compositor se relaciona com eles. Mostra como resultados da pesquisa os parâmetros musicais, que permeiam a obra como um todo (macroestrutura) e dialogam entre as partes (média e microestrutura), entrecruzando os elementos contribuintes (som, harmonia, melodia e ritmo) e outros desdobramentos (tonalidades, texturas, intensidades, harmonias, melodias, andamentos, expressões e afetos/humores). Desse modo, a pesquisa levou à compressão de diversos processos composicionais contidos na obra. / The aim of this work is to understand the compositional techniques employed by Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco (1895-1968) in his Op. 199, Les Guitares bien Tempérés. This cycle of 24 Preludes and Fugues for two guitars is known as the largest original work for guitar duo and, coming from a non-guitarist composer, elucidates various aspects of his background and the performance of his works. Some of the most important questions addressed include: Who is Castelnuovo-Tedesco? What were the highlights of his musical training? Why is this work so important to the guitar duo ensemble? What kind of bibliographic references are available on this work? And, most importantly, how can the style of this work be described? This work in based on theoretical-methodological references (STEBLIN, 1982; LARUE, 1992; OTERO, 1999; among others), it begins with a discussion of the composer\'s approach to the traditional definitions of Prelude and Fugue. The results of this research highlight the musical guidelines that permeate the work both as a whole (macrostructure) and in parts (middle and microstructure), crossing contributing elements (sound, harmony, melody and rhythm), and other details (keys, textures, dynamics, harmonies, tempos, expressions and affections/humor). Thus, this research has led to the understanding of multiple compositional processes contained in the work.

O Quarteto de cordas em sol menor de Claude Debussy é uma obra marcada por importantes dicotomias. Composta em 1893, ela se encontra permeada de elementos harmônicos e formais ligados à tradição tonal e ao final do século XIX, particularmente ao compositor César Franck. Ao mesmo tempo, a peça utiliza procedimentos que são observados apenas em obras maduras do compositor, nas quais o tonalismo se encontra pouco presente, e análises que dependam exclusivamente de elementos tonais mostramse pouco eficientes para o Quarteto. Essa relação entre tradição e inovação é investigada nesta pesquisa, que traz como enfoque duas características diretamente relacionadas: a maneira como Debussy utiliza elementos repetidos nesta peça, assunto pesquisado por Sylveline Bourion, e aspectos relativos à forma cinética, elemento descrito por Richard Parks. Uma comparação entre o primeiro movimento do Quarteto e o primeiro movimento da Sonata para flauta, viola e harpa, peça do final da carreira de Debussy, é oportuna para que sejam observados elementos formais semelhantes aplicados em contextos diferentes. / Claude Debussy\'s String quartet in G minor is a work characterized by important dichotomies. Written in 1893, the piece is permeated by harmonic and formal elements attached to the tonal tradition and to the end of the 19th century, and specially to the composer César Franck. At the same time, the Quartet uses procedures observed only in Debussy\'s mature works, in which the presence of tonalism is weak, and analyses that rely exclusively on tonal elements are proven to have little efficiency regarding this piece. The relation between tradition and innovation is examined in this research, which focuses on two related characteristics: the way in which Debussy uses repeated elements in this piece, a matter also examined by Sylveline Bourion, and aspects related to the kinetic form described by Richard Parks. A comparison between the Quartet\'s first movement and the first movement from the Sonata for flute, viola and harp, composed at the end of Debussy\'s career, is useful for observing similar formal elements applied in different contexts.

In my thesis, Performing a Political Shift: Avant-Garde Music in Cold War Spain, I argue that towards the end of the 1950s the Spanish ultra-conservative regime of Francisco Franco started to promote avant-garde music. This music contrasted with the aesthetically conservative one that had been promoted since the end of the Civil War (1936-1939). I examine the causes of this shift and reveal for the first time that they are connected to specific trends in Spanish politics and policies. In terms of national politics, the second phase of the Spanish dictatorship, from the late 1950s until Franco’s death in 1975, was dominated by young ministers who wanted to distance themselves from previous cabinets, mostly controlled by ultra-nationalist fascist politicians. These younger politicians styled themselves as part of a ‘technocratic’ regime. Thanks to its supposed ‘objectivity’ and ‘purely musical’ ideology-free concerns, avant-garde music sat well with these technocrats’ views of modern Spain, that is, a country benefitting from ‘objective’, ideology-free progress. On an international level, the defeat in the 1940s of Mussolini and Hitler, Franco’s main allies, had resulted in isolation for Spain. In order to break this isolation, the Spanish regime started to make a sustained effort at the end of the 1950s to establish diplomatic relations with other Western countries. These relations resulted in cultural, economic and military agreements with European democracies and the US. I also consider why recent Spanish musicology has failed to confront the political implications of the promotion of avant-garde music under Franco. I connect this void with the Spanish transition to democracy (1975-1978), which recent historians have called an exercise in amnesia, a discourse of forgiveness meant to promote reconciliation between Spaniards. As a result of this transition, the political implications of the activities of the composers and musicologists during the Franco years have been ignored or forgotten. The results of my thesis challenge the widely accepted view of the European avant-garde as a left-leaning movement. The main contribution of my thesis is precisely its substantial consideration of the cultural and political meanings of the avant garde and its context, using Franco’s Spain as a case in point.

This study explores the interplay between theme and form in the writings of Willy Kyrklund. It investigates the relationship between the concept of “människans villkor” (the human condition), the rules of literature and the use of mathematics. Using a combined methodology of close reading, according to the principles of new criticism and hermeneutics, with narratology, this study analyses several texts covering a wide span of Kyrklund’s oeuvre. Special attention is devoted to short prose and the narrative strategies and aesthetics of short stories. Furthermore this study looks at the strategies Kyrklund employs in order to dispel the illusions of literature and direct the reader’s attention to the textuality of the text. It concludes that the interest in “människans villkor” and the constructions of literature is widely interconnected and a part of a broader interest in structures and rules. Using the short story format, Kyrklund emphasizes the structures and conditions which shape literature and human existence. This is also achieved through certain narrative strategies heavily characterized by distance. The reader is thereby invited to follow the events from a higher perspective, where the conditions, “människans villkor”, become more evident. The scepticism towards language and literature is also reflected in the praise and use of mathematics, which elevates the human mind beyond the unreliability of language and the general calamity of earthly existence. The laws of mathematics are unreachable, and mathematical language is thus used in order to portray a longing for purity and the absolute, which the human being cannot attain.

La presente tesis tiene como fin realizar un estudio de un escrito dejado sin culminar por Kant, constituyendo su último intento de escribir una obra. Ha pasado a denominársele Opus postumum. De estos pliegos, pertenecientes al llamado Nachlass1 , publicados de un modo completo entre los años 1936-38 en la edición de las obras completas de Kant, preparada por la “Academia de las ciencias” de Berlín, tomos XXI y XXII, voy a concentrarme en un aspecto particular: me dedicaré a estudiar de estos legajos particularmente su idea de sistema, un tema al cual Kant le dedicó mucha atención, en especial en los últimos legajos. / Tesis

Detta är en skriftlig reflektion inom konstnärligt självständigt arbete på kandidatnivå som behandlar ämnet nervositet. Studien påvisar att nervositet är kroppens naturliga reaktion på en hotfull situation och hur man som musiker och cellist mentalt kan arbeta med att förbereda sig inför nervösa situationer. Genom Antonín Dvořáks cellokonsert i b-moll Op. 104, sats 1 utforskas tekniska svårigheter med stycket med anknytning till nervositet och provspelningssituationer. Genom att prova ett antal metoder och tankesätt för att motverka prestationsångest samt intervjua en sakkunnig jurymedlem har frågan kring vad man kan göra för sig själv och vad som förväntas i en provspelningssituation utretts. Detta resulterade i insikten kring att mental styrka är något som går att bygga upp och påverka själv om man uppövar ett konstruktivt tänkande. Utöver detta upptäcktes också vilka parametrar som var viktigast i en provspelningssituation där tonkvalité, rytm och intonation stod i centrum. Några viktiga passager i Dvořáks cellokonsert diskuterades vidare och tekniska aspekter för att underlätta dessa framlades. Studien kan komma till nytta för unga musiker, främst cellister, i deras förberedelse inför nervösa situationer, så som provspelningssituationer, där Dvořáks cellokonsert i b-moll Op. 104 är mycket vanligt förekommande. / <p>Inspelning av Antonín Dvořáks cellokonsert i b-moll, Op. 104, sats 1. takt. 82-267 (exposition och genomföring som är standard i provspelningssammanhang). Pianist: Georg Öquist. Lokal:Sveasalen (4301), Kungl. Musikhögskolan, Valhallavägen 105, 115 91 Stockholm.</p>