Un nombre croissant de sources de données interconnectées sont publiées sur le Web. Cependant, leur schéma peut êtreincomplet ou absent. De plus, les données ne sont pas nécessairement conformes au schéma déclaré. Ce qui rend leur exploitation complexe. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une approche d’extraction automatique et incrémentale du schéma d’une source à partir de la structure implicite de ses données. Afin decompléter la description des types découverts, nous proposons également une approche de découverte des patterns structurels d’un type. L’approche procède en ligne sans avoir à télécharger ou à parcourir la source. Ce quipeut être coûteux voire impossible car les sources sont interrogées à distance et peuvent imposer des contraintes d’accès, notamment en termes de temps ou de nombre de requêtes. Nous avons abordé le problème de l’annotationafin de trouver pour chaque type un ensemble de labels permettant de rendre compte de sonsens. Nous avons proposé des algorithmes d’annotation qui retrouvent le sens d’un type en utilisant des sources de données de références. Cette approche s’applique aussi bien pour trouver des noms pertinents pour les typesdécouverts que pour enrichir la description des types existants. Enfin, nous nous sommes intéressés à caractériser la conformité entre les données d’une source et le schéma qui les décrit. Nous avons proposé une approche pour l'analyse et l'amélioration de cette conformité et nous avons proposé des facteurs de qualité, les métriques associées, ainsi qu'une extension du schéma permettant de refléter l'hétérogénéité entre les instances d'un type. / An increasing number of linked data sources are published on the Web. However, their schema may be incomplete or missing. In addition, data do not necessarily follow their schema. This flexibility for describing the data eases their evolution, but makes their exploitation more complex. In our work, we have proposed an automatic and incremental approach enabling schema discovery from the implicit structure of the data. To complement the description of the types in a schema, we have also proposed an approach for finding the possible versions (patterns) for each of them. It proceeds online without having to download or browse the source. This can be expensive or even impossible because the sources may have some access limitations, either on the query execution time, or on the number of queries.We have also addressed the problem of annotating the types in a schema, which consists in finding a set of labels capturing their meaning. We have proposed annotation algorithms which provide meaningful labels using external knowledge bases. Our approach can be used to find meaningful type labels during schema discovery, and also to enrichthe description of existing types.Finally, we have proposed an approach to evaluate the gap between a data source and itsschema. To this end, we have proposed a setof quality factors and the associated metrics, aswell as a schema extension allowing to reflect the heterogeneity among instances of the sametype. Both factors and schema extension are used to analyze and improve the conformity between a schema and the instances it describes

No description available.

<p>Cilj. Cilj disertacije je razvoj pro&scaron;irive softverske platforme za upravljanje kurikulumom u internacionalizovanom visokom obrazovanju koja doprinosi razvoju zajedničkog jezika u istraživanju kurikuluma, a da se pri tome ne ograniče lokalne zajednice prakse istraživanja kurikuluma pozicionirane u nacionalno-specifične obrazovne kontekste, odnosno da se pokaže da je moguće primeniti postojeće međunarodne standarda, pro&scaron;irene eventualnim dodatnim zahtevima, u visoko&scaron;kolskom sistemu Republike Srbije.<br />Metodologija. Kao osnova za modeliranje metapodataka kojima se opisuju kurikulumi u internacionalizovanom visokom obrazovanju kori&scaron;ćeni su međunarodni standardi MLO-AD i MLO ECTS IP/CC za predstavljanje obrazovnih prilika. Za predstavljanje metapodataka kori&scaron;ćene su OWL ontologije. Za razvoj sistema kori&scaron;ćena je iterativna metoda razvoja softvera, a implementacija je izvr&scaron;ena kori&scaron;ćenjem programskih jezika Java i Python, XML tehnologije, tehnologije veb servisa i tehnologije Semantičkog Veba. Verifikacija modela metapodataka i sistema za upravljanje kurikulumom je izvr&scaron;ena na realnom studijskom programu akreditovanom na na Fakultetu tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu.<br />Rezultati. U ovoj disertaciji ostvareni su sledeći rezultati:<br />Predložen je model podataka za upravljanje kurikulumom u internacionalizovanom visoko&scaron;kolskom obrazovanju baziran na konceptu obrazovne prilike kao osnovne jedinice za upravljanje kurikulumom, uz oslonac na standardne modele metapodataka za predstavljanje obrazovnih prilika u Evropskoj oblasti visokog obrazovanja.<br />Predložena je ma&scaron;inski čitljiva reprezentacija modela putem sintakse dovoljno ekspresivne za implementaciju modela i sama implementacija modela u obliku OWL ontologije.<br />Predložena je formalna, ma&scaron;inski čitljiva reprezentacije obrazovnih ciljeva koja omogućuje proveru konzistentnosti kurikuluma.<br />Predložena je softverska arhitektura platforme čija je prednost mogućnost jednostavnog pro&scaron;irivanja novim servisima, uključujući i integraciju sa drugim sistemima.<br />Ograničenja istraživanja/implikacije. Osnovno ograničenje teorijskog okvira kojim se razvoj platforme pozicionira u internacionalizovano istraživanje kurikuluma je &scaron;to postojeća praksa upravljanja kurikulumom jo&scaron; uvek odstupa od proklamovanih smernica. Implikacija je ograničena mogućnost da korisnici u punoj meri koriste platformu. Ograničenja predloženog modela odnose se na potrebu njegovog pro&scaron;irivanja zarad zadovoljavanja specifičnih potreba krajnjih korisnika. Implikacija je potreba da se ulože dodatni napori za zadovoljavanje specifičnih potreba korisnika. Ograničenja u delu ma&scaron;inski čitljive reprezentacije su direktna posledica postojećih ograničenja tehnologija Semantičkog Veba u domenu semantičke ekspresivnosti i performansi. Implikacije su ograničena mogućnost kontekstualno zavisnog opserviranja kurikuluma i ograničena mogućnost praktičnog kori&scaron;ćenja reprezentacije modela zbog problema performansi aplikacija Semantičkog Veba.<br />Praktične implikacije. Krajnja namena ovog modela je unapređivanje semantičke interoperabilnosti u Areni Evropskog Visoko&scaron;kolskog obrazovanja putem tehničkog mapiranja informacija o kursevima i drugim obrazovnim prilikama na interoperabilnu specifikaciju obrazovnih prilika. Platforma ima sledeće moguće praktične primene:<br />Ogla&scaron;avanje kurseva.<br />Posredovano prijavljivanje (brokerski servis) za uče&scaron;će u obrazovnim prilikama,<br />Poređenje obrazovnih prilika (u odnosu na referentne repere i međusobno),<br />Evaluacija i kontrola kvaliteta akademskih obrazovnih prilika,i<br />Praćenje studentskog postignuća (Transcript of Records, ToR).<br />Originalnost/vrednost. Originalan doprinos nauci je sledeći.<br />Artikulisanje teorijskog okvira istraživanja kojim se razvoj platforme za upravljanje kurikulumom u internacionalizovanom visokom obrazovanju pozicionira u internacionalizovano istraživanje kurikuluma i koncept obrazovne prilike usvaja kao osnovna jedinica za upravljanje kurikulumom.<br />Predlog modela podataka za upravljanje kurikulumom u internacionalizovanom visoko&scaron;kolskom obrazovanju baziran na konceptu obrazovne prilike kao osnovne jedinice za upravljanje kurikulumom, uz oslonac na standardne modele metapodataka za predstavljanje obrazovnih prilika u Evropskoj oblasti visokog obrazovanja.<br />Predlog ma&scaron;inski čitljive reprezentacije modela putem sintakse dovoljno ekspresivne za implementaciju modela i sama implementacija modela u obliku OWL ontologije.<br />Predlog formalne, ma&scaron;inski čitljive reprezentacije obrazovnih ciljeva koja omogućuje proveru konzistentnosti kurikuluma.<br />Predlog softverske arhitekture platforme baziran na predloženom modelu i tehnologijama Semantičkog Veba.<br />Prototipska implementacija i njena primena na studiji slučaja realnog akreditovanog studijskog programa predstavljaju verifikaciju i potvrdu praktične vrednosti predloženog modela i softverske arhitekture platforme.</p> / <p>Purpose &ndash; The aim of the dissertation is the development of extensible software platform for managing internationalized curriculum in higher education. The platform contributes to the development of shared curriculum study language which does not limit the local educational practices. The solution proposed in this dissertation is in accordance with the national- specific educational context as well as existing international standards and is fully applicant to the higher education system of the Republic of Serbia .<br />Design/methodology/approach &ndash; The platform is based upon the international standards MLO -AD and MLO ECTS IP / CC that represent learning opportunities. The standards are implemented as OWL ontologies. The system was developed by using iterative software development methods , and the implementation is done by using Java and Python programming language , XML technologies, Web services and Semantic Web technologies. The verification of the metadata model and the system in whole is carried out on an accredited degree program in the Faculty of Technical Sciences in Novi Sad.<br />Findings. In this dissertation, following results were achieved:<br />&bull; The data model for managing curriculum in internationalized higher education based upon the concept of learning opportunities and relying on the standardized metadata model for representing the learning opportunities in the European higher education area was proposed.<br />&bull; The machine readable representation of the model was adopted. The syntax is expressive enough for the implementation of the model. The model was implemented as a set OWL ontologies.<br />&bull; The formal, machine readable representation of educational objectives which allows formal curriculum evaluation and consistency check is proposed.<br />&bull; The extensible platform for managing curriculum in the internationalized higher education is proposed.<br />Research limitations / implications &ndash; The main limitation of the theoretical framework that is the basis of the platform is that existing educational practice often is not consistent with the contemporary findings of the curriculum theory. The implication of this fact is limited ability for users to make full use of the platform. Limitations of the proposed model are related to the need for its extensions that should satisfy the specific needs of the end users. The implication of this limit is the need to make additional efforts to meet the specific needs of the users. Limitations concerning the machine-readable representations of the model are a direct consequence of the limitations of existing Semantic Web technologies in the domain of semantic expressiveness and performance. The implications are limited possibility of contextually dependent observation of the curriculum and the limited possibility of practical use of the model representation due to the performance problem present in the Semantic Web applications.<br />The practical implications. The main purpose of this model is to improve semantic interoperability in the European higher education area through the mapping of the information on courses and other educational opportunities onto the interoperable specification of learning opportunities . The platform has the following practical applications:<br />&bull; Course advertising.<br />&bull; Mediated enrollment (brokerage services) to learning opportunities,<br />&bull; Comparison of learning opportunities (relative to the reference benchmarks and each other),<br />&bull; Evaluation and quality control of academic learning opportunities , and<br />&bull; Monitoring of student achievement (Transcript of Records, ToR) .<br />Originality/value &ndash;The scientific contribution of this dissertation are following:<br />&bull; Articulating the theoretical framework necessary for the development of the platform for curriculum management in internationalized higher education.<br />&bull; Development of the data model based upon the concept of the learning opportunities.<br />&bull; Proposing the machine-readable representation of the model through syntax expressive enough for the implementation of the model and the actual implementation of the model in the form of OWL ontologies.<br />&bull; Proposing a formal, machine-readable representation of educational objectives, which allows curriculum consistency check.<br />&bull; Proposing the software platform based on the proposed model and the Semantic Web technologies.<br />The proposed platform was verified by implementing a prototype and applying it to the case study of an accredited degree program held at the Faculty of Novi Sad.</p> / null

As Lógicas de Descrição são usadas como base para a linguagem OWL, padrão para representação de ontologias na web. No entanto, conhecimento não é estático e, com tal dinamismo, o estudo de revisão de crenças e sua correta e adequada aplicação tornam-se muito importantes. Neste trabalho, pretendemos desenvolver uma ferramenta para revisão de ontologias como um plug-in para o Protégé, o editor de ontologias mais utilizado atualmente. / Description Logics are the basis for OWL language, which is the standard to represent ontologies on the web. However, knowledge is usually not satic and its dynamics brings the importance of belief revision and its correct and proper application. In this work, we intend to develop a tool for revising ontologies as a plug-in for Protégé, the most used ontology editor nowadays.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:26:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Verlani Hinz.pdf: 1544192 bytes, checksum: cf6c659e0f4abe594675df0afce948c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-06 / Nowadays the interest for the theme ontologies has steadily increased, as it aims at to capture consensual knowledge between people and applications, allowing reusing and sharing information. With this purpose, mechanisms are demanded to guarantee semantic interoperability, that is, the identification and compatibility of information. The present study proposes to development the algorithms to interoperability among ontologies. Hence, it intends to obtain more semantic flexibility and to reach better levels of description in the information that characterize the context of a computational environment. Initially, a basic but deep study, was done about the ways of interoperability among ontologies and its applications in different environments. Formality of specification as grammatical of graphs and matrix of adjacencies to represent ontologies and the use of parsers for conversion of code OWL in representation of matrices had also been studied. The patterns Dublin Core and FOAF, were studied and used in order to address the issue of reconciliation of vocabularies. For verification of the applicability of the measure, it was shown to an example of dynamic interoperability of ontologies and an algorithm that can be applied in several scenes / Recentemente, tem crescido o interesse sobre o tema Ontologias, pois estas objetivam capturar conhecimento consensual entre pessoas e aplicações, permitindo o reuso e compartilhamento de informações. Para estes propósitos, são necessários mecanismos que garantam a interoperabilidade semântica e compatibilidade de informações. O presente trabalho propõe desenvolver algoritmos para interoperabilidade entre ontologias, utilizando operadores relacionais. Para isso, inicialmente foi feito um estudo básico, mas aprofundado, sobre as formas de interoperabilidade entre ontologias e sua aplicação em diferentes ambientes. Foram estudados também formalismos de especificação como gramática de grafos e matriz de adjacências para representar ontologias, assim como, a utilização de parsers para converter ontologias no formato OWL em representação de matrizes. Os padrões Dublin Core e FOAF, foram estudados e utilizados a fim de tratar a questão da conciliação de vocabulários. Como verificações da aplicabilidade da medida foram demonstrados dois exemplos de interoperabilidade dinâmica de ontologias aplicadas a domínios específicos

As Lógicas de Descrição são usadas como base para a linguagem OWL, padrão para representação de ontologias na web. No entanto, conhecimento não é estático e, com tal dinamismo, o estudo de revisão de crenças e sua correta e adequada aplicação tornam-se muito importantes. Neste trabalho, pretendemos desenvolver uma ferramenta para revisão de ontologias como um plug-in para o Protégé, o editor de ontologias mais utilizado atualmente. / Description Logics are the basis for OWL language, which is the standard to represent ontologies on the web. However, knowledge is usually not satic and its dynamics brings the importance of belief revision and its correct and proper application. In this work, we intend to develop a tool for revising ontologies as a plug-in for Protégé, the most used ontology editor nowadays.

No description available.

Cette thèse présente une application et des extensions des principes et des technologies relatives au Web sémantique pour la construction d'un portail dédié à la gestion des connaissances en cancérologie. OWL, langage de représentation d'ontologies, est notamment employé pour la représentation des connaissances contenues dans les référentiels, sortes de protocoles de décision médicaux. Les inférences associées à OWL sont utilisées pour l'aide à la décision dans le cadre de l'application des référentiels. Mais les connaissances contenues dans les référentiels ne permettent pas de prendre en compte toutes les situations et nécessitent d'être adaptées pour certains cas particuliers. Pour cette raison, nous proposons une extension des technologies du Web sémantique afin de permettre la représentation de connaissances d'adaptation et l'implémentation d'un mécanisme de raisonnement à partir de cas (RÀPC) intégré à l'infrastructure du Web sémantique. Par ailleurs, dans des domaines complexes tels que la cancérologie, coexistent différents points de vue, c'est-à-dire différentes façons de considérer les connaissances du domaine et différentes façons de les utiliser. La notion d'ontologie ne permet pas de prendre en compte cette multiplicité de points de vue. Pour cette raison, nous avons étudié les formalismes de représentation des connaissances intégrant de façon explicite la notion de point de vue. Nous nous appuyons sur le langage C-OWL afin d'établir une représentation multi-points de vue des connaissances contenues dans les référentiels en accord avec les technologies du Web sémantique. Sur la base de cette représentation multi-points de vue en C-OWL, un mécanisme de RÀPC décentralisé est défini. Celui-ci exploite les multiples points de vue pour distribuer le RÀPC en différents processus. Les relations existant entre les points de vue sont quant à elles utilisées pour l'échange de connaissances et la collaboration entre ces différents processus. Au travers de l'application en cancérologie, la représentation multi-points de vue montre ainsi des apports concernant les difficultés inhérentes à l'ingénierie des connaissances (acquisition, évolution), la mise en oeuvre du mécanisme de RÀPC (utilisation de plusieurs cas, combinaison de points de vue) et le « passage à l'échelle » des mécanismes de raisonnements pour le Web sémantique, RÀPC compris.

Some mechanisms to enable an effective transition from domain models to web service descriptions are developed. The introduced domain modeling support provides verification and correction on the customization part. An automated mapping mechanism from the domain model to web service ontologies is also developed. The proposed approach is based on Feature-Oriented Domain Analysis (FODA), Semantic Web technologies and ebXML Business Process Specification Schema (ebBP). Major contributions of this work are the conceptualizations of a feature model for web services and a novel approach for knowledge-based elicitation of domain-specific outcomes in order to allow designing and deploying services better aligned with dynamically changing business goals, stakeholders&#039 / concerns and end-users&#039 / viewpoints. The main idea behind enabling a knowledge-based approach is to pursue automation and intelligence on reflecting business requirements into service descriptions via model transformations and automated reasoning. The proposed reference variability model encloses the domain-specific knowledge and is formalized by using Web Ontology Language (OWL). Adding formal semantics to feature models allows us to perform automated analysis over them such as the verification of model customizations through exploiting rule-based automated reasoners. This research was motivated due to the needs for achieving productivity gains, maintainability and better alignment of business requirements with technical capabilities in engineering service-oriented applications and systems.

Dans cette thèse, nous étudions plusieurs modèles de collaboration entre l’ingénierie logiciel et le web sémantique. À partir de l’état de l’art, nous proposons une approche d’utilisation de l’ontologie dans la couche de métier d’une application. L’objectif principal de notre travail est de fournir au développeur des outils pour concevoir la matière déclarative une couche de métier "exécutable" d’une application afin de simuler son fonctionnement et de montrer ainsi la conformité de l’application par rapport aux exigences du client au début du cycle de vie du logiciel. Un autre avantage de cette approche est de permettre au développeur de partager et de réutiliser la description de la couche de métier d’une application dans un domaine en utilisant l’ontologie. Celle-ci est appelée "patron d’application". La réutilisation de la description de la couche de métier d’une application est un aspect intéressant à l'ingénier logiciel. C’est le point-clé que nous voulons considérer dans cette thèse. Dans la première partie de notre travail, nous traitons la modélisation de la couche de métier. Nous présentons d’abord une approche fondée sur l’ontologie pour représenter les processus de métiers et les règles de métiers et nous montrons comment vérifier la cohérence du processus et de l’ensemble des règles de métier. Puis, nous présentons le mécanisme de vérification automatique de la conformité d’un processus de métier avec un ensemble de règles de métier. La deuxième partie de cette thèse est consacrée à définir une méthodologie, dite de personnalisation, de création une application à partir d'un "patron d’application". Cette méthode permettra à l'utilisateur d'utiliser un patron d'application pour créer sa propre application en évitant les erreurs de structures et les erreurs sémantiques. Nous introduisons à la fin de cette partie, la description d’une plateforme expérimentale permettant d’illustrer la faisabilité des mécanismes proposés dans cette thèse. Cette plateforme est réalisée sur un SGBD relationnel. / In this thesis, we study several models of collaboration between Software Engineering and Semantic Web. From the state of the art, we propose an approach to the use of ontology in the business application layer. The main objective of our work is to provide the developer with the tools to design, in the declarative manner, a business "executable" layer of an application in order to simulate its operation and thus show the compliance of the application with the customer requirements defined at the beginning of the software life cycle. On the other hand, another advantage of this approach is to allow the developer to share and reuse the business layer description of a typical application in a domain using ontology. This typical application description is called "Application Template". The reuse of the business layer description of an application is an interesting aspect of software engineering. That is the key point we want to consider in this thesis. In the first part of this thesis, we deal with the modeling of the business layer. We first present an ontology-based approach to represent business process and the business rules and show how to verify the consistency of business process and the set of business rules. Then, we present an automatic check mechanism of compliance of business process with a set of business rules. The second part of this thesis is devoted to define a methodology, called personalization, of creating of an application from an "Application Template". This methodology will allow the user to use an Application Template to create his own application by avoiding deadlock and semantic errors. We introduce at the end of this part the description of an experimental platform to illustrate the feasibility of the mechanisms proposed in the thesis. This platform s carried out on a relational DBMS.Finally, we present, in a final chapter, the conclusion, the perspective and other annexed works developed during this thesis.