In this dissertation, we investigate the designs and applications of fiber Bragg grating-based optical add-drop/cross-connect multiplexing systems for WDM long-distance trunk and ring networks, multiple AM-VSB signals transmission systems, and wideband optical amplifiers in metropolitan area network. In fiber Bragg grating-based optical add-drop/cross-connect multiplexing systems, the utilization of multi-port circulator and fiber Bragg gratings can hugely reduce the crosstalk and compact the configurations. Furthermore, we propose the utilization of Mach-Zehnder fiber Bragg grating-based devices with the associated mechanical Optical switches to construct large-dimension fixed and reconfigurable optical add-drop/cross-connect multiplexing system without the needs of additional WDM multiplexers and demultiplexers. In multiple AM-VSB signals transmission systems, we demonstrate the transmission of AM-VSB CATV video signal at 1.55-mm and 155-Mb/s data signal at 1.3-mm over a multi-mode fiber local area network (MMF-LAN) link. On the other hand, we not only demonstrate the possibility of optical circulator with optical bandpass filter, and MUX/DEMUX configurations, but also discuss the transmission distance of extension and the elimination of crosstalk for bi-directional transmission systems of multiple AM-VSB CATV signals. The system demonstration confirms the feasibility of multiple AM-VSB signals over the existing MMF-LAN and bi-directional transmission systems. For the application of wideband optical amplifiers in metropolitan area network, we also present erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) for hybrid WDM systems, and the dispersion-compensated gain-clamped 90 nm wideband optical amplifier in 10 Gb/s DWDM transmission systems. These designs, demonstrations, and results will be useful for WDM long-distance trunk and ring networks applications.

No description available.

The last decade witnessed a wild growth of the Internet traffic, promoted by bandwidth-hungry applications such as Youtube, P2P, and VoIP. This explosive increase is expected to proceed with an annual rate of 34% in the near future, which leads to a huge challenge to the Internet infrastructure. One foremost solution to this problem is advancing the optical networking and switching, by which abundant bandwidth can be provided in an energy-efficient manner. For instance, with Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology, each fiber can carry a mass of wavelengths with bandwidth up to 100 Gbits/s or higher. To keep up with the traffic explosion, however, simply scaling the number of fibers and/or wavelengths per fiber results in the scalability issue in WDM networks. One major motivation of this dissertation is to address this issue in WDM networks with the idea of waveband switching (WBS). This work includes the author's study on multiple aspects of waveband switching: how to address dynamic user demand, how to accommodate static user demand, and how to achieve a survivable WBS network. When combined together, the proposed approaches form a framework that enables an efficient WBS-based Internet in the near future or the middle term. As a long-term solution for the Internet backbone, the Spectrum Sliced Elastic Optical Path (SLICE) Networks recently attract significant interests. SLICE aims to provide abundant bandwidth by managing the spectrum resources as orthogonal sub-carriers, a finer granular than wavelengths of WDM networks. Another important component of this dissertation is the author's timely study on this new frontier: particulary, how to efficiency accommodate the user demand in SLICE networks. We refer to the overall study as the resource management in multi-granular optical networks. In WBS networks, the multi-granularity includes the fiber, waveband, and wavelength. While in SLICE networks, the traffic granularity refers to the fiber, and the variety of the demand size (in terms of number of sub-carriers).

A interligação de várias redes de telecomunicação ampliou a cobertura, mas tornou a operabilidade entre elas complexa, principalmente por causa da arquitetura resultante, formada por várias camadas. Estas camadas lidam com protocolos e taxas de transmissão diferentes e com sinais elétricos e ópticos. Diante desse cenário, a alternativa usual de expandir os recursos proporcionalmente ao crescimento da demanda é inviável devido ao elevado custo. Assim, soluções eficientes que agregam os benefícios das tecnologias ópticas e eletrônicas na arquitetura de nós e no gerenciamento de tráfego tornaram-se uma necessidade importante no projeto, expansão e gerenciamento de redes de telecomunicação. Os nós que permitem a comutação de tráfego na camada óptica e eletrônica e a agregação de tráfego em várias granularidades têm sido empregados para fazer o melhor uso possível dos recursos disponíveis nas redes. Esses nós são conhecidos na literatura como MG-OXCs. Nessa pesquisa, foi proposta uma abordagem dos nós MG-OXCs de uma e três camadas com a inclusão de recursos como conversão de comprimento de onda e agregação de tráfego. Também foi proposto um método de cálculo do custo desses nós baseado no volume de utilização das portas. Posteriormente foram inseridos fatores de degradação do sinal óptico para a análise da camada física de redes com os nós MGOXCs. Adicionalmente, para o gerenciamento de tráfego, foi proposto um esquema de escolha de comprimentos de onda chamado de canal específico e um esquema de monitoramento baseado na intensidade de tráfego. A meta principal é a redução da probabilidade de bloqueio de solicitação de conexão. Em redes ópticas, os modelos de nós propostos conseguem diminuir o número de portas dos nós comutadores tradicionais além de realizar a comutação de tráfego de conexões de diferentes valores de largura de banda. O esquema do canal específico consegue melhorar a utilização da largura de banda dos comprimentos de onda e diminui a probabilidade de bloqueio e o esquema do monitoramento diminui o número de conexões bloqueadas devido ao aumento dos recursos. Resultados numéricos apresentados demonstram a potencialidade dos algoritmos propostos para gerenciar recursos e rotear o tráfego das redes de telecomunicação. / Integrating telecommunication networks has enlarged the coverage, but has made operations more complex, mainly because of the architecture, formed by various layers. These layers deal with different protocols and transmission rates, as well as electrical and optical signals. The usual alternative of expanding the resources proportionally to the demand is impractical due to the high cost. Therefore, efficient solutions which add to the benefits of optical and electronic technology in node architecture and traffic management are essential in the design, expansion and management of telecommunications networks. The nodes that enable traffic switching in the optical and electronic layer and traffic grooming have been used to make the best use of the available resources in the networks. These nodes are known as MG-OXCs. In this research, an approach based on MG-OXCs was proposed with one and three layers, which include the wavelength conversion and traffic grooming. Additionally, a method to calculate the node costs based on their use of ports was proposed. The work also considered optical signal impairments in order to analyze the network physical layer with MG-OXCs nodes. For the purpose of traffic management, a scheme which sets specific wavelengths for different bandwidths and a scheme which monitors the flow of traffic were proposed. The main aim is to reduce the blocking probability of connection requests. In optical networks, the node models proposed are able to reduce the number of ports used in usual optical cross connects and switch the traffic connections using different bandwidths. The scheme of setting specific wavelengths for different bandwidths improves the bandwidth use and the blocking probability. The scheme which monitors the flow of traffic achieves blocking probability reduction due to the increase in resources. The numerical results presented show the feasibility of the proposed algorithms to manage resources and switch traffic in telecommunication networks.

A interligação de várias redes de telecomunicação ampliou a cobertura, mas tornou a operabilidade entre elas complexa, principalmente por causa da arquitetura resultante, formada por várias camadas. Estas camadas lidam com protocolos e taxas de transmissão diferentes e com sinais elétricos e ópticos. Diante desse cenário, a alternativa usual de expandir os recursos proporcionalmente ao crescimento da demanda é inviável devido ao elevado custo. Assim, soluções eficientes que agregam os benefícios das tecnologias ópticas e eletrônicas na arquitetura de nós e no gerenciamento de tráfego tornaram-se uma necessidade importante no projeto, expansão e gerenciamento de redes de telecomunicação. Os nós que permitem a comutação de tráfego na camada óptica e eletrônica e a agregação de tráfego em várias granularidades têm sido empregados para fazer o melhor uso possível dos recursos disponíveis nas redes. Esses nós são conhecidos na literatura como MG-OXCs. Nessa pesquisa, foi proposta uma abordagem dos nós MG-OXCs de uma e três camadas com a inclusão de recursos como conversão de comprimento de onda e agregação de tráfego. Também foi proposto um método de cálculo do custo desses nós baseado no volume de utilização das portas. Posteriormente foram inseridos fatores de degradação do sinal óptico para a análise da camada física de redes com os nós MGOXCs. Adicionalmente, para o gerenciamento de tráfego, foi proposto um esquema de escolha de comprimentos de onda chamado de canal específico e um esquema de monitoramento baseado na intensidade de tráfego. A meta principal é a redução da probabilidade de bloqueio de solicitação de conexão. Em redes ópticas, os modelos de nós propostos conseguem diminuir o número de portas dos nós comutadores tradicionais além de realizar a comutação de tráfego de conexões de diferentes valores de largura de banda. O esquema do canal específico consegue melhorar a utilização da largura de banda dos comprimentos de onda e diminui a probabilidade de bloqueio e o esquema do monitoramento diminui o número de conexões bloqueadas devido ao aumento dos recursos. Resultados numéricos apresentados demonstram a potencialidade dos algoritmos propostos para gerenciar recursos e rotear o tráfego das redes de telecomunicação. / Integrating telecommunication networks has enlarged the coverage, but has made operations more complex, mainly because of the architecture, formed by various layers. These layers deal with different protocols and transmission rates, as well as electrical and optical signals. The usual alternative of expanding the resources proportionally to the demand is impractical due to the high cost. Therefore, efficient solutions which add to the benefits of optical and electronic technology in node architecture and traffic management are essential in the design, expansion and management of telecommunications networks. The nodes that enable traffic switching in the optical and electronic layer and traffic grooming have been used to make the best use of the available resources in the networks. These nodes are known as MG-OXCs. In this research, an approach based on MG-OXCs was proposed with one and three layers, which include the wavelength conversion and traffic grooming. Additionally, a method to calculate the node costs based on their use of ports was proposed. The work also considered optical signal impairments in order to analyze the network physical layer with MG-OXCs nodes. For the purpose of traffic management, a scheme which sets specific wavelengths for different bandwidths and a scheme which monitors the flow of traffic were proposed. The main aim is to reduce the blocking probability of connection requests. In optical networks, the node models proposed are able to reduce the number of ports used in usual optical cross connects and switch the traffic connections using different bandwidths. The scheme of setting specific wavelengths for different bandwidths improves the bandwidth use and the blocking probability. The scheme which monitors the flow of traffic achieves blocking probability reduction due to the increase in resources. The numerical results presented show the feasibility of the proposed algorithms to manage resources and switch traffic in telecommunication networks.

Orientador: Gustavo Souza Pavani. / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia da Informação.

Orientador: Gelio Mendes Ferreira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia da Informação, 2011