Abstract In this paper, we build up the DRA (Distributed Raman Amplifier) by using four pump LDs (1460nm, 1470nm, 1480nm, 1490nm) with 25km LEAF (Large Effect Area Fiber) to transmission and compared the performance with system that just have EDFA. For the long distant system, we use EDFA and DRA to transmit 80km LEAF. In order to increase the system power budget it is necessary to use the two optical amplifiers in the same time. For the experimental results, we find that use the Raman amplifier with 25km LEAF may have degradations of CNR, CSO, CTB with 1~2 dB, 2 dB and 2~3 dB compared to Back-to-Back configuration, consider the reasons for the CSO and CTB degradations are due to the fiber dispersion and nonlinearly effect (SPM) in transmission process, and the pumps generate the high Raman spontaneous emission and source spontaneous emission are the main reasons to degrade CNR. We try to find the pump laser which effects signal noise largest (1460 nm LD) and turned off it, then CNR have about 0.5~1.0 dB improved. In the long distant transmission pass through 80km LEAF, the performances of CNR, CSO, CTB have serious decay. Because of the ASE generated from EDFA and Raman spontaneous emission and source spontaneous emission generated form Raman amplifier accumulate each other to made the CNR decay. For the long distance fiber dispersion and fiber nonlinear effect (SPM) also made CSO, CTB have degradations in the system, the CNR is about 45.2~47.3 dB, CSO is about 72.3~75.9 dBc , CTB is about 67.4~71 dBc. For this result, we know that DRA is not suitable applied in analog CATV system for the serious degradation of CNR. The study may give a reference to discuss Raman amplifier in the analog CATV system in the future.

In this dissertation, we investigate the designs and applications of fiber Bragg grating-based optical add-drop/cross-connect multiplexing systems for WDM long-distance trunk and ring networks, multiple AM-VSB signals transmission systems, and wideband optical amplifiers in metropolitan area network. In fiber Bragg grating-based optical add-drop/cross-connect multiplexing systems, the utilization of multi-port circulator and fiber Bragg gratings can hugely reduce the crosstalk and compact the configurations. Furthermore, we propose the utilization of Mach-Zehnder fiber Bragg grating-based devices with the associated mechanical Optical switches to construct large-dimension fixed and reconfigurable optical add-drop/cross-connect multiplexing system without the needs of additional WDM multiplexers and demultiplexers. In multiple AM-VSB signals transmission systems, we demonstrate the transmission of AM-VSB CATV video signal at 1.55-mm and 155-Mb/s data signal at 1.3-mm over a multi-mode fiber local area network (MMF-LAN) link. On the other hand, we not only demonstrate the possibility of optical circulator with optical bandpass filter, and MUX/DEMUX configurations, but also discuss the transmission distance of extension and the elimination of crosstalk for bi-directional transmission systems of multiple AM-VSB CATV signals. The system demonstration confirms the feasibility of multiple AM-VSB signals over the existing MMF-LAN and bi-directional transmission systems. For the application of wideband optical amplifiers in metropolitan area network, we also present erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) for hybrid WDM systems, and the dispersion-compensated gain-clamped 90 nm wideband optical amplifier in 10 Gb/s DWDM transmission systems. These designs, demonstrations, and results will be useful for WDM long-distance trunk and ring networks applications.

ABSTRACT Traditionally, voice, data, and graphics have to be transmitted via different media/channels, resulting in the separate developments of various industries such as telecommunication, cable TV, etc. in the past years. Nowadays, with the help from advance technology, the boundaries of those industries have gradually become vague which brings in the possible competition among those individual industries. In addition, the new developments also provide increasing chances for consolidation as well as a new trend for cross-boundary co-operations among those traditional industries. Since the pass of ¡§ Law of Cable TV ¡¨ in July 1993, five big conglomerates groups are gradually formed in Taiwan¡¦s Telecom Sector after a series of competition and integration. Started in 1997, The Ministry of Transportation and Communication completed the liberalization of Taiwan¡¦s telecommunication market after publishing the regulations governing the fixed-network communication business in 1999 and established the fundamental law regulation for cross-business between fixed network and telecommunication sectors. Despite regulations has provided the legitimate base for a new age for telecom industry, the most crucial and timely thing for the cable TV system operators is how to run the business in the new telecom industry in order to break-through the existing limitations for cable TV business which includes construction of infrastructure, money raising, human resources management, etc. Since the open up of Taiwan¡¦s fixed network market, ¡§Last-mile network construction¡¨ is a common issue faced by new fixed-line network providers when they compete with Chunghwa Telecom Co. Ltd for its fully integrated connection with end users. Nevertheless, ¡§The Last Mile¡¨ issue could be mitigated for cable TV system operators given that on 1) they are closer to users in regional operations; 2) they have partially completed a dual-direction cable service system; and 3) they have the right to construct drainage system for lay out cable line . With these three advantages, the local cable operators could form business alliance with new fixed-line network firms to provide solutions to ¡§the last mile¡¨ issue. In this thesis, the author We chooses the local cable operators in Kaoshiung City as examples and has interviewed four companies in order to have an understanding of their synergy and difficulties incountered by those cable operators when entering into the new telecom industry and forming business alliance with new fixed-line network firms. By the end, the author provides three suggestions including 1) to speed up their construction for dual-direction cable service system, 2) to consolidate ¡§ independent local cable systems¡¨, and 3) to form strategic alliances with fixed-line network firms. The alliance between cable operators and fixed-line network firms will not only motivate cable operators to build up dual-direction cable service system but also to enhance their experience and train talented staff in telecom sector through the help from fixed-line network firms. In addition, it will also provide an easy access for fund raising to support their business expansions. As a result, we expect a more and more thorough national network system to bring in good benefits to the whole country.

The importance of human resource management (HRM) increases with each passing day. In the past, organizations only focused on the coordination and the integration between HRM and other management functions. Nowadays, with a more broad and holistic angle, we usually elevate HRM in enterprise from the strategic point of view. The role it plays in the organization becomes more active rather than passive and it puts more emphasis on the intensive cooperation between HRM and business strategies. The studies of HRM strategy in Taiwan only focus on the high-tech industry. Therefore, this study will aim at Cable TV (CATV) system industry and investigate the influence of HRM strategy by organizational life cycle and business strategy. The purpose of this study is to know how the CATV systems obtain the employees they need by recruiting and education training in digital convergence. And then we can further understand the HRM strategy in organization and its relationships with organizational life cycle and business strategy. This research adopted case study and targeted three domestic CATV firms. This study also described and explained the status of HRM in CATV system industry by case comparison and then induced the conclusions and research propositions. The results were as follow: 1. The organizations will adopt different business strategic types when they are in different stage of organizational life cycle. 2. CATV will increase the varieties of their product line in order to earn more revenues as the stage of life cycle goes. 3. The stage of the development in organizational life cycle will be affected by parent company. 4. The organizations will adopt different HRM strategy types when they are in different stage of organizational life cycle. 5. No matter at what stage of life cycle, CATV will take internal training seriously. 6. Employee turnover rate of CATV is very low, and the source of recruitment is seldom from external. 7. The HRM strategy tends to be accumulation type. However, it will shift to facilitation type when they develop new services. 8. There is a ¡§Fit¡¨ relationship between business strategy and HRM strategy; however, it changes because of parent company¡¦s effect.

This dissertation study describes and presents an alternative method for delivering digital video, the MPEG-4 compression format, through the use of an analog cable network for direct viewing on television sets. The purpose of the study is to propose this technology as an alternative to the present cable network technologies in Uruguay and elsewhere in South America. Delivery standards that might be used over such a CATV network include DVB-C (digital video broadcast for cable), and IP (internet protocol) networks. The study compares the current technologies to determine which would be the best way to provide such delivery over CATV networks. It is the argument of this study that the delivery of MPEG-4 format streaming video is no different than the delivery of any type of digital signal: in order for the signal to be delivered, it must pass through a transmission medium such as fiber-optic cable, twisted-wire pair, coaxial cable, etc. The dissertation makes the case that MPEG-4 is a feasible alternative technology which should be considered for new CATV applications in this region. This study is from a technical point of view, when it comes to implementation there are other elements that should be taken into account.

從世界各國有線電視的源起不難發現，有線電視脫胎自地方共同天線。發展地方共同天線原本是為了改善地方收視不良的情況，各國有線電視至今大都沿襲此一地方性格。而我國當然也不例外，根據調查發現，1969年花蓮出現國內第一個社區共同天線；非法「第四台」的鼻祖陳錦池則於1970年在台北市石牌地區架設有線錄影帶播放系統。1990年 6月，高雄第一民主電視台為「突破國民黨壟斷三台新聞」的局面，推出自製的地方新聞，首開「第四台」自製新聞節目風氣。 而今，台灣有線電視蓬勃發展，國內電視生態丕，三台強勢媒體壟斷局面逐漸式微，其中電視新聞正面臨有史以來最震憾的考驗，三台晚間新聞的收視率已經較三年前下滑超過20％以上。反觀，有線電視新聞頻道的平均收視率卻持續上昇。 由於三台新聞長久以來背負著政黨包袱，因此飽受報導角度不夠客觀、立論不夠公正的批判。自有線電視逐漸興起後，各地系統業者開始自製強調本土的地方新聞，頻道經營者致力成為「華人的CNN」 ，國際新聞網絡也進駐分食新聞大餅，三者無一不企圖呈現新聞事件的多面向或開拓觀眾國際視野，一場新聞市場爭奪戰就此熱鬧展開。身處關鍵性要角的龐大電視新聞觀眾是如何看待這場爭戰？而其人口特質與消費需求又為何？實待業者與學界深入探究台灣有線電視新聞觀眾的消費特質，尤其台北市已齊身國際都會且是我國政經中樞，本地民眾的媒介消費行為將成為未來規劃亞太營運中心的重要指標，所以，本研究特以台北市民眾收看有線電視新聞的情形做為探討焦點。在傳播理論領域中「使用與滿足」是閱聽人研究的主流。其主要論點依據是，閱聽人會主動求取資訊滿足特定需求，並了解自己的需要，知道使用何種媒介去獲得滿足。因此，本研究係以「使用與滿足」為理論基礎檢測： 台北市民眾收看有線及無線電視新聞之動機與滿足及其差異；觀眾人口特質對有線電視新聞收視動機、滿足程度、收視行為及涉入程度之影響；並試圖瞭解台北市民眾收看有線電視新聞的動機與所獲得的滿足關聯性，進而歸納出觀眾收視動機與滿足類型，以提供有線電視新聞節目（頻道）業者製播線纜新聞之參考依據。 本次調查分析發現：1.高學歷的年輕中產階層是台北市有線電視新聞的主要觀眾群。支持新黨比率較高，但並未大幅超前其他政黨；在選舉原則上，近八成受訪者傾向選人的自主原則；在每日使用媒介新聞資訊的時間上，無論在報紙、廣播或電視媒介，每日接觸時間都在一小時以下，但在自主時間較充裕的情況下，受訪者有增加收視有線電視新聞的傾向；他們最常收看的有線電視新聞是TVBS新聞及中天頻道新聞，收視習慣以不固定，有時間就看、及晚間收看比率最多；收視原因大多認為有線電視新聞報導尺度較寬、處理較客觀；最想在有線電視新聞中看到的新聞類別，是有關生活及公共政策的資訊且有偏好政治議題的傾向。2.收看電視新聞的 動機偏向是「資訊探索」而非「逸樂消遣」，另外在收看有線電視新聞時則增加「政治守望」的收視動機，並認為有線電視新聞比無線電視（三台）新聞較能夠提供有用的資訊以為選舉時參考。3.台北市民眾收看有線電視新聞與無線電視（三台）新聞的動機與滿足有差異且收視有線電視新聞的動機與滿足高於收視無線電視（三台）新聞的動機與滿足。4.收看有線電視新聞的特定動機越強，其相對應 的滿足程度也就越高。5.本研究出現女性觀眾收看有線電視新聞時的「政治守望」動機高過男性的現象，尤其，想藉由收看有線電視新聞以了解政府官員的動態，並將各項政治資訊做為選舉時參考依據。6.男性收視程度高於女性的收視程度。7.年齡、語言、職業、選舉原則、婚姻狀況的不同，收視有線電視新聞的涉入程度也會有差異。8.閱讀報紙與收視有線電視新聞兩者之間並未存有關聯性；但收看無線電視新聞與收看有線電視新聞兩者間達到極顯著正相關。

This dissertation examines data transfers along the existing lines of cable TV. PLC equipment has been selected as the focus of this examination. The essay examines the question of Multicarrier modulation and focuses more specifically onto the problem of OFDM modulation, which is being used by the selected equipment. It further describes the process of integration of PLC equipment into the cable TV network, modifications of the CATV and the basic topology of the created data networks. The essay also offers a closer look onto a PLC modem and Head End from Corinex that have been used in the implementation of a data network in a selected rural settlement. The author has also raised the issue of the problems connected with cable wires connected with this particular type of data transfers and the solutions of some of the encountered problems. The characteristics of this network have then been measured during normal operation of the created network. Measurements have been carried out in order to determine the transfer speed on a physical and transfer level, the SNR of specific connections and the signal attenuation. The measurements have confirmed the suitability of the used PLC equipment for the purposes of data transfer along the cable TV lines as far as data speed and signal strength was concerned. A map of the particular cable TV lines and the PLC equipment has been included in the attachment.

Diplomová práce se zabývá problematikou rozvoje širokopásmového připojení (broadbandu) k Internetu v České republice. Snaží se odpovědět na otázky nízké penetrace domácností Internetem u nás a překážek jejího rozvoje. Práce ve své úvodní části obsahuje analýzu v Česku nejrozšířenějších dostupných možností připojení k Internetu a jednotlivých nabízených služeb včetně formulace nutných podmínek na trhu pro rozvoj broadbandu v ČR. Na tuto analýzu navazuje kapitola trendů v oblasti broadbandu, tedy pohled na plány významných subjektů v Česku i ve světě, na současnou do jisté míry latentní poptávku po službách využívajících broadband infrastrukturu a projektované zákaznické potřeby. Z této analýzy vyplývají důležité závěry, které jsou následně využity pro formulaci doporučení v podobě klíčových faktorů úspěchu firem působících na broadband trhu. Další text práce se rovněž zabývá současným stavem GTS Novera a dívá se i na její veřejně dostupné plány dalšího rozvoje. Načerpané teoretické znalosti jsou následně použity ke zpracování samotného přínosu práce, jímž je case studie zasíťování modelového pražského sídliště broadband infrastrukturou a navržení reálného technicko-ekonomicko-obchodního modelu pro společnost GTS Novera k realizaci byznys plánu v těchto konkrétních podmínkách. Následně jsou tyto výsledky zasazeny do rámce studie návratnosti investice s návrhem nových služeb pro další rozvoj společnosti GTS Novera.

本研究利用Miles and Snow與Porter之分類，針對有線電視頻道業者進行研究，主要研究重點為： 　　1. 研究事業策略型態與績效的關係。 　　2. 研究事業策略型態與行銷作為的關係。 　　3. 研究事業策略型態、行銷作為與績效的關係。 　　4. 以台灣有線電視頻道業者為例，驗證上述三者關係，並瞭解目前業界行銷作為的實施情形、有效性與未來的計畫。 　　將回收之問卷經過統計分析之後發現： 　　1. 擴張者在銷售額成長率及市場成長率上績效較其他二者為佳，獲利率則不顯著。 　　2. 各策略型態業者在大部份的行銷作為上有顯著差異，分別是：節目頻道數、製作技術複雜度、節目品質、服務品質、研究發展支出水準、自製節目比例、向前垂直整合程度、廣告費用、促銷費用、公共關係費用及客戶服務。 　　3. 在節目品質、服務品質、研究發展支出水準、行銷研究支出水準上，不論任一策略型態皆與績效成正相關。 　　4. 擴張者配合較高的節目品質、服務品質、研究發展支出水準、價格水準、行銷研究支出時，其績效較佳。 　　5. 差異化防衛者配合較高的節目品質、服務品質、研究發展支出水準、向前垂直整合程度、行銷研究支出時，其績效較佳。 　　6. 低成本防衛者配合較高的向前垂直整合程度、行銷研究支出時，其績效較佳。

The concept of cable television, originally called community antenna television (CATV), began in the 1940's. The information and services provided by cable operators have changed drastically since the early days. Cable service providers are no longer simply providing their customers with broadcast television but are providing a multi-purpose, two-way link to the digital world. Custom programming, telephone service, radio, and high-speed internet access are just a few of the services offered by cable service providers in the 21st century. At the dawn of the internet the dominant mode of access was through telephone lines. Despite advances in dial-up modem technology, the telephone system was unable to keep pace with the demand for data throughput. In the late 1990's an industry consortium known as Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. developed a standard protocol for providing high-speed internet access through the existing CATV infrastructure. This protocol is known as Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) and it helped to usher in the era of the information superhighway. CATV systems use different parts of the radio frequency (RF) spectrum for communication to and from the user. The downstream portion (data destined for the user) consumes the bulk of the spectrum and is located at relatively high frequencies. The upstream portion (data destined to the network from the user) of the spectrum is smaller and located at the low end of the spectrum. This lower frequency region of the RF spectrum is particularly prone to impairments such as micro-reflections, which can be viewed as a type of multipath interference. Upstream data transfer in the presence of these impairments is therefore problematic and requires complex signal correction algorithms to be employed in the receiver. The quality of a receiver is largely determined by how well it mitigates the signal impairments introduced by the channel. For this reason, engineers developing a receiver require a piece of equipment that can emulate the channel impairments in any permutation in order to test their receiver. The conventional test methodology uses a hardware RF channel emulator connected between the transmitter and the receiver under test. This method not only requires an expensive RF channel emulator, but a functioning analog front-end as well. Of these two problems, the expense of the hardware emulator is likely less important than the delay in development caused by waiting for a functional analog front-end. Receiver design is an iterative, time consuming process that requires the receiver's digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms be tested as early as possible to reduce the time-to-market. This thesis presents a digital implementation of a DOCSIS-compliant channel emulator whereby cable micro-reflections and thermal noise at the analog front-end of the receiver are modelled digitally at baseband. The channel emulator and the modulator are integrated into a single hardware structure to produce a compact circuit that, during receiver testing, resides inside the same field programmable gate array (FPGA) as the receiver. This approach removes the dependence on the analog front-end allowing it to be developed concurrently with the receiver's DSP circuits, thus reducing the time-to-market. The approach taken in this thesis produces a fully programmable channel emulator that can be loaded onto FPGAs as needed by engineers working independently on different receiver designs. The channel emulator uses 3 independent data streams to produce a 3-channel signal, whereby a main channel with micro-reflections is flanked on either side by adjacent channels. Thermal noise normally generated by the receiver's analog front-end is emulated and injected into the signal. The resulting structure utilizes 43 dedicated multipliers and 401.125 KB of RAM, and achieves a modulation error ratio (MER) of 55.29 dB.