The aim of the thesis was to introduce the standard ITU-T G.989. Introduction deals with passive network architecture, which clarifies the basic functional elements that occur in optical networks. Been described active components and the very principle of data transfer in the distribution network. Next section is devoted to new technologies that are defined for the latest generation of passive networks NG-PON2. There have been a principle of data transmission in such networks and their advantages and disadvantages. I described the principle of data transmission in such networks and their advantages and disadvantages. The practical part deals with creating a functional network of NG-PON2 also using optical amplifiers. Another suggestion was using a digital CATV transmission of QAM modulation under optical networks on a dedicated wavelength of 1550 nm. Also simulate the coexistence of this new standard with previous PON technologies. Finally, the work consisted in implementing the Miller’s code into OptSim v5.2 environment, which compared the transmission characteristics of each line of codes with this Miller’s code. All practical simulations were designed and simulated in program OptSim v5.2.

台灣有線電視早期因業者惡性競爭，採大量增加頻道、降價促銷方式爭取訂戶，形成獨特的「大碗公」收視文化，民眾支付六百元月租費，即可收看約一百個基本頻道。有線電視頻道雖多，但消費者事實上無力收視，卻仍需為其付費，同時無法選擇符合個人需求的頻道內容。在「大碗公」收視文化下，消費者收視權益難以保障，頻譜無法有效利用則造成社會資源浪費。 近年來消費者意識抬頭，反應希望收看較少的頻道並支付較少費用；為回應消費者擇其所好之收視需求，政府方面提倡實施「分組付費制度」。分組付費制度可落實使用者付費觀念，有助於業者提高市場運作績效、杜絕私接戶，並可保護青少兒收視環境。 過去業者曾經實施分級付費，然而並不成功；其後，政府方面亦提出數種分組付費模式，但截至目前各界仍未達成共識。分組付費立意良善，未能推動實為可惜，因此研究者針對產、官、學進行深度訪談，探討分組付費過去失敗因素、目前面臨問題、各界對分組付費之態度，試圖匯整不同意見，探討分組付費未來可能實施之方式。 研究結果發現，現階段分組付費面臨諸多問題。「大碗公」收視文化使消費者欠缺「使用者付費」精神；加上消費者對於目前有線電視滿意度頗高，推動新制動力不足。此外數位機上盒裝機意願低，亦影響分組付費之推動。業者方面，分組付費將使系統業者收視費之收益降低、購片成本提高；頻道業者廣告收益大幅減少，宣傳行銷成本上升，因此業者反對實施。政府方面認為現階段推動分組付費確有一定困難，但為維護消費者收視權益，未來仍應繼續推動。學者專家則呈現市場開放與加強管制的兩極意見。 雖然分組付費議題目前仍然缺乏共識，但研究者由研究過程中釐清現階段分組付費面臨問題，可供未來研究者針對問題擬定解決方案。研究者亦發現，分組付費並非孤立之政策，其與產業結構、數位化…等議題息息相關，建議未來可由結構面進行探討，同時思考有線電視數位化、相關法規之研議修訂…等議題。此外，為促使有線電視費率合理化，建議相關單位積極輔導其他媒體平台，促成市場公平競爭機制，並擬定具體之數位化政策，提供有線電視業者誘因與獎勵，以較有彈性的角度來思考分組付費問題。 / Because of the serious competition, during early developing time, Taiwan’s CATV system operators provided lots of channels and greatly lowered the CATV price to promote channel services. This promotion strategy has run for years and formed a very unique CATV environment in Taiwan. CATV consumers only have to pay NTD. 600 per month, then they can watch about 100 basic channels nowadays. Although CATV consumers can watch so many channels, they don’t really have so much time watching them all but still have to pay for them. Besides, the CATV bundling price doesn’t allow consumers to choose the channels they really need and want. On the social resource perspective, the CATV bundling pricing strategy keeps CATV channels from being used effectively and brings a waste. In recent years, consumers’ awareness of their rights is getting stronger. Consumers begin to find out the possibilities of paying fewer CATV price and watch fewer channels. In order to respond to the need of consumers, the government advocated CATV channel tiering policy. Channel tiering brings several advantages: consumers can be more active and own more choices; the CATV industry can work more effectively and system operators can prevent those who access CATV services illegally. Also, the advanced technology and hardware of channel tiering can prevent juveniles from watching inappropriate CATV programs. In the past, some CATV system operators tried to implement channel tiering, but it was not successful. The government also advocated several kinds of channel tiering models, but until now, there is still no consensus. CATV channel tiering is basically a good policy for consumers, and it’s a pity that this policy can’t be successfully execute. Therefore, by in-depth interview, the researcher of this study collects opinions from managers of CATV industry, government members and professors to discuss the failure reasons of channel tiering, the problems of execute channel tiering nowadays and different attitude toward this issue. Furthermore, the researcher tries to integrate different opinions to find out possible executive ways of channel tiering in the future. According to the research findings, CATV channel tiering faces many complicated problems now. First, because of the “bowling CATV culture”, Taiwan’s CATV consumers lack for the spirit of “user-payer” principle. Besides, they are pretty satisfied with the CATV services now and have no intention to push a new policy. Furthermore, consumers’ intentions to order digital CATV services and the distribution of DSTB are pretty low, and this situation barriers to the implementation of channel tiering, too. As to the CATV industry, the implementation will affect both CATV systems and channels, so the CATV industry objects to this policy. In order to preserve the rights of consumers, the government members hold that CATV channel tiering policy should execute in the future although it faces many difficulties now. They suggest the government should find an appropriate way and keep pushing this policy. The opinions from professors are very divergent. Some consider that the government should open the CATV market and give the industry more freedom, but some consider that the government should regulate more strictly. Although there is still no consensus on CATV channel tiering, the researcher has some findings during the research process. CATV channel tiering is a very complicated policy which relates to lots of other policies, laws and issues. Therefore, the researcher advices that the channel tiering issue should be considered together with other issues like digital policies, the problems of CATV industry structure and so on. Furthermore, in order to make the CATV service price more reasonable, the government should encourage more medium to provide services equivalent to CATV channel services, give consumers more choices, and build an equally competitive market. To summarize, the research advices that channel tiering issue is not a single policy and we should rethink it in a more flexible way.

Abstract In this thesis, we use a high power 1550 nm DFB laser and a Ti:LiNbO3 Mach-Zehnder modulator to construct an externally modulated trensmitter for CATV lightwave system. We use two methods to reduce the problem caused by stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) effect in externally modulated AM video system by using high-frequency phase modulation and low-frequency dithering techniques. In this experiment, the SBS threshold can be increased by 6 dB. We also design a automatic gain control (AGC) circuit with a 10 dB dynamic range in our transmitter. After addition with a home-made predistortion linearized circuit, the system performance of this transmitter in a 20 km single-mode fiber link carrying 60 NTSC channels can be achieved with a CNR¡Ù46~52 dB¡BCSO¡Ø-68~-73 dBc¡BCTB¡Ø-59~-63 dBc. As the number of channels increased from 60 to 80, we can obtain CNR¡Ù46~51 dB, CSO¡Ø-65.5~-71 dBc, and CTB¡Ø-55~-60.4 dBc. According to preceding description, we know that our trensmitter can carry 60 ~ 80 NTSC channels.

There is a growing demand for the high quality TV programs such as High Definition TV (HDTV). The CATV network is often a suitable solution to address this demand using a CATV modem delivering high data rate digital signals in a cost effective manner, thereby, utilizing a complex digital modulation scheme is inevitable. Exploiting complex modulation schemes, entails a more sophisticated modulator and distribution system with much tighter tolerances. However, there are always distortions introduced to the modulated signal in the modulator degrading signal quality.<p> In this research, the effect of distortions introduced by the RF band pass filter in the modulator will be considered which cause degradations on the quality of the output Quadrature Amplitude Modulated (QAM) signal. Since the RF filter's amplitude/group delay distortions are not symmetrical in the frequency domain, once translated into the base band they have a complex effect on the QAM signal. Using Matlab, the degradation effects of these distortions on the QAM signal such as Bit Error Rate (BER) is investigated.<p> In order to compensate for the effects of the RF filter distortions, two different methods are proposed. In the first method, a complex base band compensation filter is placed after the pulse shaping filter (SRRC). The coefficients of this complex filter are determined using an optimization algorithm developed during this research. The second approach, uses a pre-equalizer in the form of a Feed Forward FIR structure placed before the pulse shaping filter (SRRC). The coefficients of this pre-equalizer are determined using the equalization algorithm employed in a test receiver, with its tap weights generating the inverse response of the RF filter. The compensation of RF filter distortions in base band, in turn, improves the QAM signal parameters such as Modulation Error Ratio (MER). Finally, the MER of the modulated QAM signal before and after the base band compensation is compared between the two methods, showing a significant enhancement in the RF modulator performance.

There is a growing demand for the high quality TV programs such as High Definition TV (HDTV). The CATV network is often a suitable solution to address this demand using a CATV modem delivering high data rate digital signals in a cost effective manner, thereby, utilizing a complex digital modulation scheme is inevitable. Exploiting complex modulation schemes, entails a more sophisticated modulator and distribution system with much tighter tolerances. However, there are always distortions introduced to the modulated signal in the modulator degrading signal quality.<p> In this research, the effect of distortions introduced by the RF band pass filter in the modulator will be considered which cause degradations on the quality of the output Quadrature Amplitude Modulated (QAM) signal. Since the RF filter's amplitude/group delay distortions are not symmetrical in the frequency domain, once translated into the base band they have a complex effect on the QAM signal. Using Matlab, the degradation effects of these distortions on the QAM signal such as Bit Error Rate (BER) is investigated.<p> In order to compensate for the effects of the RF filter distortions, two different methods are proposed. In the first method, a complex base band compensation filter is placed after the pulse shaping filter (SRRC). The coefficients of this complex filter are determined using an optimization algorithm developed during this research. The second approach, uses a pre-equalizer in the form of a Feed Forward FIR structure placed before the pulse shaping filter (SRRC). The coefficients of this pre-equalizer are determined using the equalization algorithm employed in a test receiver, with its tap weights generating the inverse response of the RF filter. The compensation of RF filter distortions in base band, in turn, improves the QAM signal parameters such as Modulation Error Ratio (MER). Finally, the MER of the modulated QAM signal before and after the base band compensation is compared between the two methods, showing a significant enhancement in the RF modulator performance.

The objective of the thesis is to provide a view of the situation in high-speed Internet connection in the Czech Republic. At the beginning we present a history of internet and describes in particular the most frequently used technology of high-speed connectivity to the Internet. This is followed by a comparison of the current supply and demand in a market of Internet connection in the Czech Republic. This study not only compare technological aspects, but takes into consideration the economic situation, government regulations and changes from 2009 as well. Finally, there is a summarization and an evaluation of the results and a reflection on possible future on a market of high-speed connection in Czech republic.

The master’s thesis is focused on the theoretical and practical issues of optical access networks. The first chapter of the thesis deals with the concept of the access networks known as FTTx. The second and third chapters focus on the principles and standardization of the active optical network AON P2P and the passive optical network TDM PON. The fourth chapter of the thesis focuses on the network WDM PON, wavelength multiplexes, solution concept and the LG-Ericsson EA 1100 platform. The fifth chapter of the thesis deals with the infrastructure of the optical paths for optical access networks. The sixth chapter of the thesis presents custom design of the headend for reception, processing and distribution of television broadcasting. Two custom access network solutions (AON P2P and WDM PON) for the town Bystřice nad Pernštejnem are presented in the seventh chapter. Case studies include the design of the optical paths infrastructure, central office infrastructure, end-user infrastructure, CAPEX/OPEX economic analysis and basic simulation in OptSim.

科技的發展日新月異，數位影音壓縮、網際網路與行動通訊等的技術突破,讓在有線電視、電信網路與行動通訊系統上所能提供相同的服務變的簡單，跨業競爭因此越來越明顯，而數位匯流代表了這個整合的趨勢，然而科技時代進步如此快速，但政府的法令卻遲遲無法跟上時代的潮流演進，因此造成了有線電視產業的封閉與發展停滯不前，甚至造成與電信產業競爭的不公平。 因此本研究的研究目的是探討數位匯流法立法後對有線電視產業的衝擊與因應策略為何?以及新的商業獲利模式為何? 研究方法則是參考Afuah A (2004)經營模式理論為研究架構，先從營運環境的方向來看產業的主要變化因子分別為何，這些因子將如何影響公司，公司又該如何修正自己的定位並調整價值活動、策略資源及成本變化的評估，如此一來才能在這產業快速的變化中維持或創造更高的公司利潤績效。 本研究主張，數位匯流法立法後若在2017年實施分組付費，將會影響有線電視業者的每月營收，同時當頻道上架平台更自由及同業新進業者進入競爭後，有線電視的收視戶將開始出現外流的問題，然而新的立法雖然會產生破壞但也能創造出新的商機，有些新的商機需要雙向網路的機上盒才能達到，因此有線電視業者應全面佈建雙向機上盒同時大幅改善其基礎網路的品質與頻寬，將自己定位為匯流平台並多投入更多的創新應用以拓展新的財源。 / The rapid development of technology breakthrough, like digital video compression, Internet and mobile communications that makes CATV, telecom network and mobile communications operators to provide the same service becomes simple and easy also causing more and more cross-industry competition is obvious. However, it represents the digital convergence intergartion is the trend in the near future. The age of technology advances so quickly, but the government decree has as yet unable to keep up with the trend of the evolution of the times resulting in the CATV industry its the development of stagnation or even resulting an unfair competition with telecommunications industry. Therefore, purpose of this study is to investigate the impact on the cable industry after digital convergence Legislation. 1. What are the CATV operator’s coping strategies? 2. And what their profitable new business model will be? Research method is a reference Afuah A (2004) theory of the business model for the study of architecture, starting with the direction of the major changes in the operating environment in terms of the respective industry factors, these factors will affect how the company, how should revise their position and adjust value activities, resources and strategies to assess changes in cost, this way in order to maintain or create higher profits in the performance of rapid change in this industry. The study argued that the digital convergence Legislation if it is established in 2017 and implement packet charge that will affect the monthly revenue of CATV operators, meanwhile when the channel contents can cross to different platform more freedom and new operators enter the competition. Cable TV subscribers will begin outflow, however, although the new legislation will cause damage but can also create new business opportunities, new business opportunities require to deploy two-way network set-top box to achieve, so the cable companies should be fully provisioned two-way set-top boxes and enchance their infrastructure quality and bandwidth, then positioning itself as a plateform of digital convergence. put more and more innovative applications to expand new sources of income.