Texte remanié de: Ph. D. th.--Sydney--New South Wales university. / Bibliogr. p. 211-223. Index.

In the following thesis, I draw on these parallel ideas in works of Heidegger and Oakeshott, in order to develop two contrasting frameworks termed "the meditative idiom" and "the calculative idiom." My aim is to establish how these idioms can signal sweeping and mutually exclusive frameworks or mindsets by means of which human beings approach projects generally and literary projects in particular. Heidegger and Oakeshott present their accounts of various types of thinking and idioms in reference to the experience of literature in the context of living. My efforts to combine their frameworks continue in this same vein. This thesis focuses on what occurs when a person interacts with literature through the meditative or the calculative idioms. Drawing on Susan Sontag's essay Against Interpretation, I argue that when someone approaches literature with the aim of interpretation, they are working within the calculative idiom. This approach contrasts with the way events unfold in the meditative idiom or, better, the way this approach allows them to unfold and reveal themselves of themselves. Allowing as much is inherent to Heidegger's concept of aletheia as an "unconcealing." In this connection I claim that the meditative idiom prevents literature from becoming vitiated through interpretation. Along with consulting Heidegger, Oakeshott and Sontag, I draw upon other philosophers in attempt to elucidate what occurs during an interaction with literature.

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This study is an application of the political theory of Michael Oakeshott aimed at enhancing understanding of the South African state. Oakeshott posits that the modern state is comprised of two separate modes of association, namely societas and universitas. Universitas refers to an association to attain a specific substantive purpose, while societas is an association based on common submission to the recognition of, and adherence to, prescribed formal laws. Each tends towards self‐destruction when the character of a given state is reflected by that mode of association exclusively. The presence of both modes of association in tension with each other produces a stable state. The South African state has been shown to reflect a dominantly universitas character, but, since a monopolar state cannot exist, it follows that the societas understanding of the state must also be present. In this study, the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Act 108 of 1996, is assessed to determine whether it reflects a societas understanding of the state. Two formal conditions for a societas are identified in the work of Oakeshott, namely a system of rules and norms, and the recognition of this system as being authoritative. These formal conditions are employed as a benchmark against which to test the character of the South African Constitution. / Dissertation (MPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / tm2015 / Philosophy / MPhil / Unrestricted

The thesis focuses on the conservative canon and analyses the validity of exceptionalist claims of conservative thinking through a deconstructive reading of conservatism. The comparison of classical and radical conservatisms provides the grounds for this analysis. After the introductory chapter, the second chapter of this thesis focuses on the general characteristics of the conservative ideology. It consists of three sub-sections. The first of these presents the characteristics of classical conservatism, while the second turns to consider radical conservatism. Then, in the third sub-section, a discussion of the similarities and differences between these two conservatisms leads to a proposed definition of a core of the conservative canon. Here, it is argued that the epistemological and ontological imperfection of individuals can be regarded as the definitive core, or as the precept which the justification of conservative policies relies upon. The third chapter then focuses on the views of a number of significant figures in the development of political thought on ideology, which is used by these thinkers as a critical tool. A narrative of the historical developments in the analyses of ideology and ideologies is presented in this chapter. In the last part of the chapter, Derridian thinking is introduced. The fourth chapter problematises conservative exceptionalism, or the belief that there is a fundamental difference between conservatism and other ideologies. This chapter is founded upon the analyses of the previous two chapters, using the Derridian reading and referring to the characteristics and commonalities of the conservative canon presented. In this chapter, radicalism is argued to be a persistent theme in conservative thinking, and conservatism is claimed to be founded upon its impossibility.

Submitted by Marilene Donadel (marilene.donadel@unioeste.br) on 2019-03-27T21:57:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael_Faro_2018.pdf: 729878 bytes, checksum: 30ca733e782aaa94d6ecf7c5debfa0ca (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-27T21:57:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael_Faro_2018.pdf: 729878 bytes, checksum: 30ca733e782aaa94d6ecf7c5debfa0ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-12-19 / Michael Oakeshott presents the essence of his conservative thinking in an essay entitled On Being Conservative. The study objective was to analyze how conservatism is expressed in the author´s ideas, starting from a brief analysis from what constituted conservative thinking in general, following through how the way that conservative principles appear in the Oakeshott work. It is about a bibliographical review that intends to understand and present the main elements of conservative thinking based on the approach of an author who has been read and divulged in Brazil, because it was able to show that psychologically human beings express conservative dispositions that could, in their view, justify a specific type of political conservatism: to broaden liberalism in the economy, keeping, however, conservative values and traditions in terms of customs and behaviors, that is, a posture that can be defined as liberal conservatism. / Michael Oakeshott apresenta a essência de seu pensamento conservador em um ensaio intitulado On Being Conservative. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar como o conservadorismo se expressa nas ideias desse autor, partindo de uma breve análise do que constituiu o pensamento conservador em geral, seguindo para o modo como os princípios conservadores aparecem na obra de Oakeshott. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica que pretende compreender e apresentar os principais elementos do pensamento conservador a partir da abordagem de um autor que vem sendo lido e divulgado no Brasil, pois foi capaz de mostrar que psicologicamente os seres humanos expressam disposições conservadoras que poderiam, na sua visão, justificar um tipo de conservadorismo político específico: ampliar o liberalismo na economia mantendo, contudo, valores e tradições conservadoras em termos de costumes e comportamentos, quer dizer, uma postura que pode ser definida como conservadorismo liberal.

Proefschrift Universiteit van Amsterdam. / Met lit. opg. - Met samenvatting in het Engels.

D.Litt. et Phil. / This study focuses on the political theory of Michael Oakeshott in whose work we find a comprehensive and coherent theoretical understanding of the modern state and government. The modern state, according to Oakeshott, possesses a dual character because it entails a synthesis between what he calls an enterprise association understanding of the state and a civil association understanding. Both of these co-exist in the modern appreciation of the state, with the one ameliorating the excesses of the other. Oakeshott believes this duality provides the best possible framework for a theoretical appraisal of the modern state. Based on this framework the unique character of an individual state, such as South Africa, can be assessed in terms of the position of its contingent understanding in relation to these two different views. In his consideration of this hybrid character of the state, Oakeshott notes that the rationalistically inclined enterprise association view currently seems to dominate within the field of politics. Such a dominance, if pushed too far, would undermine the coherence of the modern state, whose stability depends on the continued coexistence of both a civil and an enterprise understanding. In this study, the post-1994 ANC government in South Africa will be appraised in light of Oakeshott’s understanding of the modern state. The question as to the dominance, or not, of an enterprise association view of the state and government within the ANC will be assessed. Consideration will be given to the ANC’s understanding of its role and function as government and of its view of the broader association called the South African state. Here I will assess the role and influence of historical circumstances, and also, those key ideas that give intellectual organisation to ANC politics and inform both the responsibilities that the ANC feels it has to fulfil and the goals that it sets for itself and for the society at large. Finally, the implications of the identified enterprise character of the ANC government will be assessed in terms of its impact on the broader South African state and society.