Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1994. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 182A-196). Also available via the Internet.

<p>Sporedni proizvodi dobijeni u procesu mlevenja žitarica, p&scaron;enične i ovsene mekinje, hidrotermički su tretirane u cilju dobijanja gelova, koji se, kao zamenjivači masti, mogu koristiti u formulacijama prehrambenih proizvoda. Optimizacija procesnih parametara (koncentracija mekinja, vreme homogenizacije i temperatura homogenizacije) proizvodnje gelova vr&scaron;ena je primenom postupka odzivne funkcije (RSM). Gelovi od p&scaron;eničnih i ovsenih mekinja, koji su pripremljeni po prethodno utvrđenim optimalnim parametrima (za p&scaron;enične mekinje: 22,0% koncentracija mekinja, vreme homogenizacije od 11,7 min i temperatura homogenizacije od 83,2&deg;C; za ovsene mekinje: 22,0% koncentracija mekinja, vreme homogenizacije od 10,0 min i temperatura homogenizacije od 95,0&deg;C), su, dalje, kao zamenjivači masti, bili inkorporirani u formulaciju keksa na različitim nivoima supstitucije masti (30%, 40% i 50%).<br />Fizičke, teksturne i senzorske karakteristike keksa sa zamenjivačima masti ispitane su u poređenju sa kontrolnim (punomasnim) keksom, te je nivo zamene od 30% izabran kao najpogodniji u smislu sniženja sadržaja masti, sa jedne strane, i ostvarenja željenih karakteristika, sa druge strane.<br />S obzirom da su proizvedeni zamenjivači masti na bazi mekinja nutritivno vredni i bogati funkcionalnim komponentama, ustanovljeno je da je dodatak ova dva funkcionalana zamenjivača masti na nivou od 30% doprineo pobolj&scaron;anju nutritivnih i funkcionalnih svojstava keksa u pogledu povećanog sadržaja prehrambenih vlakana i minerala, povoljnijeg odnosa PUFA/SFA, kao i porasta sadržaja antioksidativno delotvornih komponenti.</p> / <p>Wheat and oat brans, by-products of grain processing, were processed by hydrothermal treatments into the form of gels for partial replacement of fat in food products.<br />Response surface methodology (RSM) approach was applied to examine the effects and to optimize process parameters (bran concentration, homogenization time and homogenization temperature).<br />Wheat and oat bran gels prepared according to the previously determined optimal parameters (for wheat bran: 22.0% bran concentration, homogenization time of 11.7 min and homogenization temperature of 83.2 &deg;C; for oat bran: 22.0 % bran concentration, homogenization time of 10.0 min and homogenization temperature of 95.0 &deg;C) were further incorporated as fat substitutes into the cookie formulation at different levels of substitution (30%, 40% and 50%).<br />The physical, texture and sensory properties of cookies with fat replacers were examined in comparison with the control (full fat) cookies, and the fat replacement level of 30% was chosen as the most suitable in terms of reducing the fat, on the one hand, and achieving the desired mentioned characteristics, on the other.<br />Knowing that the produced fat replacers are nutritionally valuable and rich in functional components, it has been found that the addition of these two functional fat replacers at the level of 30% contributed to the improvement of the nutritional properties of cookies in terms of higher content of dietary fibers, minerals and more favourable ratio of PUFA/SFA, as well as higher content of antioxidant components.</p>

The effect of consumption of unprocessed and processed oat bran on calcium, magnesium, zinc, and copper intake, excretion and apparent retention in 19 adult males was determined using a metabolic balance study. The study was divided into preliminary, controlled feeding and follow-up periods of 4 weeks each. The controlled feeding period was subdivided into two 8 day balance periods. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: a basal diet low in dietary fiber; basal diet supplemented with 100 g of unprocessed oat bran; or basal diet supplemented with 100 g of processed oat bran ready-to-eat (RTE) cereal. With both oat bran treatments intakes of calcium, magnesium, and copper were increased above the current RDA, while zinc was increased, but still remained below the RDA. Urinary excretions of calcium, magnesium, and zinc were unchanged during the balance periods. Both of the bran supplemented groups were excreting significantly more fecal magnesium and zinc than the control group. Increased fecal calcium and copper excretions were seen for the processed (RTE) group over the other two treatments. Apparent retention of calcium, zinc, and copper appear to be unaffected by oat bran supplementation. Apparent magnesium retention for the control group was significantly less than the unprocessed group during balance Period 1 only. During the controlled feeding period, the unprocessed group had significantly less plasma calcium and zinc than the other two treatments. Plasma magnesium was unchanged in the fiber supplemented groups during the controlled feeding period. / Master of Science

Orientador: Sílvia Justina Papini / Resumo: Introdução: A esquizofrenia é uma doença crônica e o tratamento acontece com utilização de fármacos antipsicóticos de modo prolongado. As medicações controlam os sintomas da doença, melhoram o bem-estar do indivíduo e elevam a chance de adaptação ao meio social, em contrapartida, acarretam vários efeitos adversos, sendo a alteração dos componentes da síndrome metabólica a mais comum. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da suplementação de farelo de aveia sobre o peso corporal, circunferência abdominal e componentes da síndrome metabólica de pacientes psicóticos institucionalizados em um hospital psiquiátrico. Método: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo com intervenção em indivíduos psicóticos crônicos. A partir da medida de peso e estatura calculou-se o índice de massa corporal (IMC) para classificação do estado nutricional nos 4 momentos do estudo, início, 90 e180 dias de suplementação e 180 dias após o término da suplementação. Foram avaliados os componentes da síndrome metabólica: circunferência abdominal, glicemia de jejum, HDL-colesterol, triglicerídeos, antes e ao final da suplementação e após 180 dias sem suplementação. Resultados: Foram estudados todos os 45 moradores do local, destes, 62% eram do sexo masculino, com a média de idade de 55,5± 13,2 anos, todos há mais de cinco anos internados. Na sua totalidade faziam uso de medicação antipsicótica, 75% deles apresentaram risco cardiovascular, 46,7% eram obesos, 33,3% apresentaram colesterol total elevado, 50% hipertrigliceridem... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Introduction: Schizophrenia is a chronic disease and treatment occurs with prolonged use of antipsychotic drugs. The medications control the symptoms of the disease, improve the well-being of the individual and increase the chance of adaptation to the social environment. On the other hand, medications have several adverse effects, and the alteration of the components of the metabolic syndrome is the most common. Objective: To evaluate the effect of supplementation of oat bran on body weight, abdominal circumference and components of the metabolic syndrome of institutionalized psychotic patients in a psychiatric hospital. Method: This is a quantitative study with intervention in chronic psychotic individuals. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from the body mass index (BMI) for the classification of the nutritional status in the 4 study moments, beginning, 90 and 180 days of supplementation and 180 days after the end of the supplementation. The components of the metabolic syndrome: abdominal circumference, fasting glucose, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, before and at the end of the supplementation, and after 180 days without supplementation, were evaluated. Results: All 45 residents were studied. Of these, 62% were male, with a mean age of 55.5 ± 13.2 years, all of whom had been hospitalized for more than five years. 75% of them had a cardiovascular risk, 46.7% were obese, 33.3% had high total cholesterol, 50% had hypertriglyceridemia, 28.9% had arterial hypertension and 88... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Submitted by ELEN CRISTIANE DONÁ DE OLIVEIRA null (elendona@hotmail.com) on 2017-04-08T20:19:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Correção final 28.03 (3).pdf: 929334 bytes, checksum: 5b5215beabf519320dfaa708b08ed015 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-04-11T18:38:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_ecd_me_bot.pdf: 929334 bytes, checksum: 5b5215beabf519320dfaa708b08ed015 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-11T18:38:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_ecd_me_bot.pdf: 929334 bytes, checksum: 5b5215beabf519320dfaa708b08ed015 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-03 / Introdução: A esquizofrenia é uma doença crônica e o tratamento acontece com utilização de fármacos antipsicóticos de modo prolongado. As medicações controlam os sintomas da doença, melhoram o bem-estar do indivíduo e elevam a chance de adaptação ao meio social, em contrapartida, acarretam vários efeitos adversos, sendo a alteração dos componentes da síndrome metabólica a mais comum. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da suplementação de farelo de aveia sobre o peso corporal, circunferência abdominal e componentes da síndrome metabólica de pacientes psicóticos institucionalizados em um hospital psiquiátrico. Método: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo com intervenção em indivíduos psicóticos crônicos. A partir da medida de peso e estatura calculou-se o índice de massa corporal (IMC) para classificação do estado nutricional nos 4 momentos do estudo, início, 90 e180 dias de suplementação e 180 dias após o término da suplementação. Foram avaliados os componentes da síndrome metabólica: circunferência abdominal, glicemia de jejum, HDL-colesterol, triglicerídeos, antes e ao final da suplementação e após 180 dias sem suplementação. Resultados: Foram estudados todos os 45 moradores do local, destes, 62% eram do sexo masculino, com a média de idade de 55,5± 13,2 anos, todos há mais de cinco anos internados. Na sua totalidade faziam uso de medicação antipsicótica, 75% deles apresentaram risco cardiovascular, 46,7% eram obesos, 33,3% apresentaram colesterol total elevado, 50% hipertrigliceridemia, 28,9% apresentaram hipertensão arterial e 88,9% não apresentavam diagnóstico de síndrome metabólica no início do estudo. Em relação a suplementação com 20 gramas de farelo de aveia durante 180 dias, houve diferença estatística nos valores dos níveis de colesterol total, HDL-colesterol e triglicérides, mostrando a eficácia desta suplementação. Observou-se correlação significativa entre os valores de triglicérides séricos com IMC, circunferência abdominal, colesterol total, HDL-colesterol e glicemia, e IMC com a circunferência abdominal. Conclusão: Apesar da baixa prevalência de Síndrome Metabólica no grupo estudado, verificou-se que metade dos apresentava obesidade e 1/3 aumento da gordura abdominal, fator de risco importante para doenças cardiovasculares e que o uso de suplementação de farelo de aveia foi favorável para melhora dos níveis de colesterol total e triglicérides. Produto: Incluir na rotina alimentar diária dos pacientes a fibra alimentar. / Introduction: Schizophrenia is a chronic disease and treatment occurs with prolonged use of antipsychotic drugs. The medications control the symptoms of the disease, improve the well-being of the individual and increase the chance of adaptation to the social environment. On the other hand, medications have several adverse effects, and the alteration of the components of the metabolic syndrome is the most common. Objective: To evaluate the effect of supplementation of oat bran on body weight, abdominal circumference and components of the metabolic syndrome of institutionalized psychotic patients in a psychiatric hospital. Method: This is a quantitative study with intervention in chronic psychotic individuals. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from the body mass index (BMI) for the classification of the nutritional status in the 4 study moments, beginning, 90 and 180 days of supplementation and 180 days after the end of the supplementation. The components of the metabolic syndrome: abdominal circumference, fasting glucose, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, before and at the end of the supplementation, and after 180 days without supplementation, were evaluated. Results: All 45 residents were studied. Of these, 62% were male, with a mean age of 55.5 ± 13.2 years, all of whom had been hospitalized for more than five years. 75% of them had a cardiovascular risk, 46.7% were obese, 33.3% had high total cholesterol, 50% had hypertriglyceridemia, 28.9% had arterial hypertension and 88.9% did not Diagnosis of metabolic syndrome at the start of the study. Regarding supplementation with 20 grams of oat bran for 180 days, there was a statistical difference in the levels of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, showing the efficacy of this supplementation. A significant correlation was observed between serum triglyceride levels with BMI, waist circumference, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and glycemia, and BMI with waist circumference. Conclusion: Despite the low prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in the studied group, it was verified that half of them presented obesity and 1/3 increase of abdominal fat, an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and that the use of oat bran supplementation was favorable for Improved levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides. Product: Include dietary fiber in the daily diet of patients.

Gastrointestinal microflora has been shown to have a bi-directional relationship with the host immune system. A variety of fermentable carbohydrate polymers largely pass through the small intestine, providing fermentable substrates for gut microflora. Dietary fibre supplementation may provide a strategy for manipulating the intestinal bacterial profile, changing the interaction with the mucosal immune system, thereby modulating the host immune system. We used a BBc rat animal model to evaluate the effects of oat bran and wheat bran dietary fibre on the immune system. Previous collaborative efforts have shown that these dietary fibres can change the intestinal microflora, with wheat bran fibre showing a greater ability to influence colonic microbial community diversity. We have shown that dietary wheat bran fibre led to reduced IL-4 levels in the liver and T lymphocyte numbers in the Mesenteric Lymph Node and may be involved in reduced IgA levels in the cecal contents. In addition, IgA in the cecal contents was decreased while MLN B cell numbers increased in response to dietary wheat bran fibre. It was observed that neither wheat bran or oat bran treatments exerted any pro-inflammatory effects, with oat bran actually improving antioxidant status. These results suggest that both oat and wheat bran fibre treatments induce changes in the intestinal microflora, and that the microflora changes due to wheat fibre are associated with immunomodulatory effects on the host. This type of dietary fibre supplementation could ultimately provide a potential strategy for promoting health through microflora-associated effects on the immune system.