Orientador: Ismael Forte Freitas Júnior / Banca: Paulo Roberto Pereira Santiago / Banca: Ellen Cristini Freitas Araújo / Resumo: Objetivo: Analisar o gasto energético (GE) e a composição corporal de adolescentes obesos sedentários pré e pós teste de esforço máximo e analisar os resultados de adolescentes obesos submetidos a treinamento concorrente. Metodologia: A amostra foi composta por dois grupos: 1) grupo sedentário (GS), composto por 70 adolescentes (31 meninos e 39 meninas; idade 13,7±1,4 anos); 2) grupo treinado (GT), composto por 16 adolescentes (10 meninos e 6 meninas; idade 14,7±1,0 anos), participantes de um programa para redução de gordura corporal. O Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) foi usado para classificação da obesidade, segundo Cole et al. (2000). A composição corporal foi analisada pela Absortiometria de Raios- X de Dupla Energia (Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry - DEXA) para estimativa da massa livre de gordura (MLG) e da massa de gordura (MG). O GE foi calculado a partir da equação de Weir (1949) [(3.941xVO2)+(1.106xVCO2)*1440], utilizando os valores de volume de oxigênio consumido (VO2) e gás carbônico produzido (VCO2), mensurados a cada 20 segundos por Calorimetria Indireta (CI) durante 20 minutos, antes (repouso - REP), durante e após (recuperação - REC) esforço máximo realizado em esteira ergométrica, com o sistema MedGraphics VO2000 no GS e no momento pré intervenção do GT, e com o sistema Parvo Medics TrueOne® 2400 no momento pós intervenção do GT. O GT participou de uma intervenção de 40 semanas de treinamento concorrente (TC), com frequência semanal de três vezes e duração de 60 minutos por sessão (aproximadamente 50% do tempo de treino aeróbio e 50% de treino resistido (musculação)). A análise estatística foi realizada no software SPSS versão 17.0 e a significância estatística foi fixada em 5%... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico baixo) / Abstract: Objective: To analyze the energy expenditure (EE) and body composition of obese sedentary before and after maximal exercise test and analyze the results of obese adolescents undergoing concurrent training. Methods: The sample comprised two groups: 1) sedentary group (SG), composed of 70 adolescents (31 boys and 39 girls, age 13.7 ± 1.4 years), 2) the trained group (TG), composed of 16 adolescents (10 boys and 6 girls, age 14.7 ± 1.0 years) participating in a program to reduce body fat. The Body Mass Index (BMI) was used for classification of obesity according to Cole et al. (2000). Body composition was analyzed by X-ray Absorptiometry Dual Energy (DEXA) to estimate fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM). EE was calculated from the Weir (1949) equation [(3.941xVO2) + (1.106xVCO2)*1440], using the values of volume of oxygen consumed (VO2) and volume of carbon dioxide produced (VCO2), measured every 20 seconds Indirect Calorimetry (IC) for 20 minutes before (rest - RES), during and after (recovery - REC) performed maximal treadmill, with the system MedGraphics VO2000 in SG and in the pre intervention TG, and the system Parvo Medics TrueOne ® 2400 after intervention in TG. The TG participated in an intervention of 40 weeks of concurrent training (CT) with three times weekly frequency and duration of 60 minutes per session (approximately 50% of the time of aerobic training and 50% of resistance training (weight training)). Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 17.0 and statistical significance was set at 5%... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

This study takes the form of exploratory and descriptive research in which children in middle childhoods’ experience of their obesity was explored and described. A case study research design was used in a qualitative approach and data was gathered through semi-structured interviews. The data analysis spiral of Cresswell was implemented in order to facilitate the research process. Empirical findings present the experiences obese children in middle childhood undergo with regard to different areas of their development. The researcher drew upon literature relating to obesity and middle childhood development in order to analyse and verify collected data in pursuit of describing children’s experience of their obesity. Emotional hideaway amongst obese children, the role of the family in an obese child’s life and the reason why obese children make the wrong food choices are some of the topics not addressed in the limited scope of this project. The possibility of exploring these final thoughts provides opportunity for future research. / Social Work / M.Diac. (Play Therapy)

Thesis (MTech (Biomedical Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2008 / Epidemiological reports have shown that South Africa, whilst a developing country, irs overweight and obesity prevalence rates in children is fast approaching those seen in the developed world. This country's population is unique in that it is made up of different ethnic groups with different socia-economic status, partly due to the past and present political environments in the country. South Africa, in particular, is faced with a rapid increasing childhood obesity of 10% among children under the age of two and 5-20% among those less than six years of age. The prevalence of obesity is increasing in children of all ages and represents the complex integration of genetic, behavioural and environmental influences. The Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase Phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) gene is located on chromosome 6q22-q23; a locus linked to obesity and diabetes, spans 83 kb of genomic DNA and contains 25 exons. Studies in humans have shown a correlation between overexpression of ENPP1 and insulin resistance, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. ENPP1 has been implicated in up to 20% of Caucasian and 50% of Black communities suffering from obesity. The overall objective of the proposed study is to assess whether ENPP1 polymorphisms contribute to childhood obesity/overweight, and their association with components of metabolic syndrome in a South African Coloured population. Subjects for this study were identified through a screening program that aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity in learners between the ages of 8 - 18 years from the Western Cape Province, South Africa. The first phase of the project was to clearly differentiate between obese subjects and controls. The cut-off points for obesity established by Cole and co-workers in 2000, and adopted by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), were used to classify the obese subjects.

According to the World Health Organisation, obesity is an epidemic of the 21st century. It is most certainly a serious risk to the health of the individual in question, markedly lowering their quality of life. The Czech Republic is the fourth most obese country in Europe, with 5-10 % of child obesity present. This paper explores the development of child obesity and its potential root causes that might contribute to it. The analysis is supported by data from a study by the State Health Institute, which was carried out over 4 phases in 18 cities in the Czech Republic. Quantitative research was used in the analytical part of this paper. The data was processed within the SPSS programme, using the method of statistical analysis of contingency tables and binary logistical regression analysis for testing previously established working hypotheses. The results of the analysis have shown that the rate of obesity grew across the four phases, except only in the youngest group of participants. An analysis of the various contributory factors to obesity has highlighted age and place of residence as being the most influential. The highest number of obese children was found in the regions of Karlovy Vary and Ustí nad Labem, which could be due to the socioeconomic and environmental factors in these areas. In...

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Thesis (MPH.) -- University of Limpopo, 2020 / Background: Overweight and obesity are abnormal excessive fat accumulations in adipose tissue to the extent that it may have adverse effects on the health and well-being of the individual. Overweight and obesity are important modifiable risk factors for many chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type2 diabetes. Food consumed away from home, fast food and sugary food leads to adolescents overweight and obesity. Overweight and obese adolescents tend to buy junk foods because they are cheap. The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated to overweight and obesity among adolescents at the Dendron High School, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Methods: A quantitative study was conducted among 340 adolescents learners at the Dendron High School. A close ended questionnaire was used to collect data from the 340 adolescents. A stratified random sampling method was used to select learners to participate in the study. This type of sampling was used because learners were in different classes and different grades. The researcher obtained a complete list of all Grade 8 to Grade 12 learners attending the Dendron High School. The researcher took a register in each grade, given every name a code, put their names in a pot and randomly selected the participants. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from the height and the weight of the participants. Data was analysed using SPSS version 23.0, which is a statistical software programme. Results: the study results revealed that the majority of adolescents, at 12 9(37.9%), were overweight, while 171 (50.3%) were obese. The results further revealed that adolescents over consumed sugary food, at 185 (54.4%), starchy food, at 283 (83.2%), fizzy drinks, at 219 (64.4%), and fast food, at 155 (90.0%). In Conclusion: There is a need for nutrition education campaigns targeted at adolescents and educators to reduce overweight and obesity. Nutrition education should be a continuous effort. Efficient and effective school policies must be implemented for provision of quality food.

Objective. As childhood obesity continues to threaten the overall health of young people, K-12 teachers are uniquely poised to advocate for, and support food and nutrition, school lunch and student health. Yet, classroom teachers are largely uninvolved in school lunch. School lunch is typically viewed as separate from the rest of the school day and not seen as an educational opportunity. The purpose of this dissertation was to develop an understanding of the role teachers could play in supporting, encouraging, and shifting the culture that surrounds school lunch in the United States. Methods. To accomplish this purpose, this dissertation had two studies. Study One utilized ten K–12 public school teachers. The data collected were from a descriptive characteristics questionnaire, theatrical data collection workshops, and individual interviews. These data provided an understanding of teachers’ attitudes and perceptions of school lunch, and if and how they currently provide food and nutrition education and support school lunch. The data provided an understanding of obstacles that keep teachers from supporting school lunch, recommendations and resources for teachers to support the school lunch program, and links between food and nutrition education to school lunch. Study Two developed an understanding of the realities, feasibility and experiences of 39 teachers from six schools while implementing a school wellness initiative in Anchorage, Alaska. The non-prescriptive wellness initiative in which the teachers operated, allocated 30 minutes for lunch and 54 minutes of physical activity each day, in which 30 of those minutes was allotted for recess. The teachers were regularly in the cafeteria. The data collected were from focus groups (one per school) to explore teachers’ experiences implementing the wellness initiative. Data Analysis. For Study One, the descriptive characteristics questionnaire was analyzed using descriptive statistics and frequencies. For Studies One and Two, the theatrical data collection workshops, individual interviews, and focus groups were transcribed, coded and analyzed for themes and domains using NVivo version 12 for Mac. Inter-rater reliability was conducted to ensure statistical agreement in the codes (k = 0.78). Results. Study One: the teachers had a general dislike of the school lunch served when they were children. As teachers, they generally disliked the school lunch as well. However, they saw the importance of the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) in providing meals for low-income students. Additionally, they thought it was very important for all students to be well-nourished to do well at school. Teachers made efforts to see that their students were fed by providing healthy snacks, modeling healthy eating in the cafeteria, and incorporating food and nutrition into their curricula. The participants believed teachers could play a greater role in school lunch by regularly discussing school lunch, eating with students, gardening and cooking with students, and/or providing positive messaging about lunch. However, there were barriers to overcome, including lack of administrative support, poor food quality, poor cafeteria culture, and a lack of adequate professional development. The teachers felt opportunities for professional development related to school lunch would provide greater self-efficacy, knowledge, and skills to overcome the barriers to playing a greater role in school lunch.Study Two: the teachers believed the wellness initiative had the best intentions for their students. Teachers found physical activity breaks to be beneficial for students and saw improvement in their students’ focus, attention, and behavior. Teachers also observed students eating more due to the extra time at lunch. Younger students benefitted the most from the extra time. However, timing and scheduling of the physical activity component was the largest barrier along with lack of administrative support in some schools. Additionally, teachers observed poor student behavior in the cafeteria as a result of the extra time. The teachers did not report eating with students or encouraging students to eat school lunch. Conclusions. Because they are growing and developing, diets that provide adequate calories and nutrient-dense food are vital for children to reach their highest potentials. Despite its negative stereotype, school lunch provides a reliable source of nutrition to food insecure children. The research suggests teachers can play a large role in school lunch and have the greatest power to act as agents of cultural change in schools but need the support of their respective schools’ administrations. School lunch-based professional development would assist teachers in accomplishing this momentous task.

Consumption of sugar, sugar-containing food and drinks, related health risks and change of life style in our population are currently addressed issues with negative consequences already observed in childhood. The aim of the diploma thesis was to study the consumption of sugar and foods containing sugar in children attending kindergarten and 1st grade of elementary school. The theoretical part was focused on an overview of knowledge about sugars, both naturally occurring and added, and health risks associated with frequent consumption of foods containing added sugars. In the practical part, the consumption of these foods in terms of quantity and various forms and its influence on the development of childhood obesity and other metabolic diseases was monitored. At the same time, other aspects of children's lifestyle that could determine children's obesity were identified. The basis of the practical part was a questionnaire survey using questions determining eating habits of children. The research showed a relationship between the BMI of children above the 75th percentile and more frequent sweets consumption and less frequent active (sports) and natural physical activities. Almost 84% of children consume sugar and sweets more often than 3 times a week, with more frequent consumption in kindergarten...

The present study assessed the relationship between the paternal use of food in a contingency manner and the physical status of the respective son. The prevalence of childhood obesity has been documented to be significant in this country (Mayer, 1968; Collipp, 1975; Forbes, 1975; Hafen, 1981). The etiology of the increasing percentages of obese children is based upon a variety of variables. Parental influence on children's eating habits and socioeconomic variables, which influence parents, appeared to be possible factors in the development of childhood obesity. / Master of Science

Investigates parental perceptions of overweight or obese children who receive services from the Women, Infants and Children (WIC) Program in San Bernardino County, California. Study design was based on a qualitative ethnographic interview technique in which a moderator guided between 6-12 individuals through a discussion of a particular topic. Results indicate that the parents interviewed were highly concerned with the health of their children and family, but do not perceive their child to be at an immediate health risk. In addition, most felt their children's weight to be "normal" in spite of any physical findings that suggested otherwise.