The efficacies of two tranquilizers and a placebo in reducing tension and related complaints were studied at three clinics over a period of six weeks. There was a considerable amount of missing data in this drug trial. The purposes of this project were: (1) To estimate the missing values by the regression technique and (2) to analyse the data by the multivariate analyses of variance method A significant time trend in changes of severity during the six-week period was found in all three clinics. The predominant trend was linear. But quadratic and cubic trends were also found in some clinics. As far as effectiveness of tranquilizers was concerned there was no conclusive answer. In two clinics, the tranquilizers were not proved to be better than the placebo. In the third clinic, however the 2 active drugs were significantly different from the placebo. This inconsistant result of drug effects among the 3 clinics might be due to (1) non-random allocation of subjects to the clinics and (2) the fact that a large proportion of subjects failed to complete the study / Thesis / Master of Science (MS)

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No description available.

A sample of 170 sources from the IRAS Point Source Catalog (PSC) having / b / ≥ 40°, 100μm flux F₄ ≥ 2.5 Jy, and upper limit fluxes at 12, 25 and 60μm was studied on POSS and ESO photographic plates. 151 of these sources are identified as 'infrared cirrus,' thirteen as galaxies, and one as a planetary nebula; four sources lie in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), and the remaining source is Saturn. Accurate infrared fluxes were obtained for 29 cirrus sources, the galaxies, and the planetary nebula. The colors of the cirrus sources support the hypothesis that the radiation is coming from a mixture of large, cool grains and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), with large variation in relative abundances. Optical colors and surface brightness were obtained for one cirrus cloud using data from the CCD Transit Instrument on Kitt Peak.

Dans cette thèse, la recherche se concentre sur le re-calibrage des observations historiques de Phoebe, le 9ème satellite de Saturne, et l'amélioration de son orbite sur la base des données re-calibrés. La précision de calcul de l'orbite dépend de la qualité du modèle théorique (erreur interne) et de la précision des observations utilisées pour ajuster le modèle (erreur externe). Phoebe est loin de sa planète et des satellites majeurs. Le modèle théorique n'est pas très compliqué et l'erreur interne est bien connu et généralement bonne. Toutefois, l'erreur externe est en général inconnue et est la principale cause de l'erreur globale. Comme la luminosité de Phoebe est faible (Vmag = 16,5), il n'y a pas beaucoup d'observations faites dans le temps passé. La précision de son orbite n'est pas aussi bonne que celles des autres grands satellites de Saturne. Un modèle plus adéquat du mouvement du satellite devrait être construit non seulement sur la base des observations de haute-précision, mais aussi sur des données couvrant une période aussi longue que possible. Les observations de Phoebe sur plus de cent ans ont été calibré avec différents catalogues. Il y a quelques incohérences dans les données d'observation obtenues à partir de différents auteurs à différentes époques. De nombreuses observations ont été publiées dans différents formats; elles ne peuvent pas être utilisées directement pour ajuster le modèle dynamique; elles doivent être converties dans un format de données unifié et être corrigées pour des erreurs systématiques, avec les dernières constantes astronomiques dans le système de référence. Les premières observations de Phoebe ont une mauvaise précision et ne collent pas bien aux modèles. A cette époque, les catalogues utilisés ne contenaient pas assez d'étoiles avec une précision suffisante, donc il n'y avait pas beaucoup de étoiles du catalogue sur la plaque. En raison de la précision insatisfaisante des catalogues à l'époque, les positions des étoiles de référence ne sont pas très précises. Cela influe sur la position de Phoebe. Dans le présent travail, nous introduisons une méthode permettant, même si nous ne disposons pas des vraies plaques, de réduire les positions des satellites naturels avec des catalogues astrométriques modernes, tels que UCAC ou GAIA dans le futur. Après la re-calibration des données d'observation historiques, la réduction des observations a été effectuée et la nouvelle éphéméride de Phoebe on a été dérivée. La représentation synthétique au mouvement orbital de Phoebe à partir des éphémérides a été réalisée. / In this thesis, the research focuses on the recalibration of historical observations of Phoebe, the 9th satellite of Saturn, and its orbit improvement based on the re-calibrated data. The accuracy of orbit predictions depends on the theoretical model's quality (internal error) and on the quantity and accuracy of the observations used to fit the model (external error). Phoebe is far away from its planet and other major satellites, so that the theoretical model is not very complicated and the internal error is well known and generally good. However, the external error is generally unknown and is the main cause of the global error. Since the brightness of Phoebe is faint (Vmag=16.5), not so many observations have been made in the past time. The accuracy of its ephemeris is not as good as those of other major satellites of Saturn. A most adequate model of satellite motion should be built not only based on high-accurate recent observations but also on data over a period of time as long as possible. The observations of Phoebe over one hundred years have been calibrated with different catalogs. There are some inconsistencies in observational data obtained from different authors at different epochs. Many observations have been published in different formats; they cannot be used directly to fit the dynamical model, should be re-input into unified data format, and be corrected for systematic differences, with the latest astronomical constants and reference frame. The earliest observations of Phoebe have bad accuracy and not fit the models very well. At that time, the catalogues they used did not contain enough stars with a precise accuracy, so there were not many catalogue stars on the plate. Because of the unsatisfactory precision of the old catalogues at the epoch, the positions of the reference stars were not very precise. This brings today inaccuracy on the position of Phoebe. In the present work, we introduce a method, even if we do not have real plates, to reduce the positions of the natural satellites with modern astrometric catalogues, such as UCAC or GAIA in the future. After the re-calibration of historical observation data, reduction of observations has been completed and the new ephemeris Phoebe was derived. Then the synthetic representation of Phoebe's orbital motion from the ephemeris was provided.

Large stellar surveys are revealing the chemodynamical structure of the Galaxy across a vast spatial extent. However, the many millions of low-resolution spectra observed to date have not yet been fully leveraged. In chapters 2 and 3, we employ data-driven spectroscopic models to the low-resolution LAMOST survey (𝑅 = 1800). In chapter 2, we employ The Cannon, a data-driven approach for estimating chemical abundances, to obtain detailed abundances, using the GALAH survey as our reference. We deliver five (for dwarfs) or six (for giants) estimated abundances representing five different nucleosynthetic channels, for 3.9 million stars, to a precision of 0.05 - 0.23 dex. Using wide binary pairs, we demonstrate that our abundance estimates provide chemical discriminating power beyond metallicity alone. We show the coverage of our catalogue with radial, azimuthal and dynamical abundance maps, and examine the neutron capture abundances across the disk and halo, which indicate different origins for the in-situ and accreted halo populations. LAM- OST has near-complete Gaia coverage and provides an unprecedented perspective on chemistry across the Milky Way. Stars with unusual levels of enrichment in a particular element are of great interest, but often pose a problem for data-driven methods. In chapter 2, we present a simple method, for the de- tection of 𝑋-enriched stars, for arbitrary elements ?, even from blended lines. Our method does not require stellar labels, but instead directly estimates the counterfactual unrenriched spectrum from other unlabelled spectra. We apply this method to the 6708 Å Li doublet in LAMOST DR5, identifying 8,428 Li-enriched stars seamlessly across evolutionary state. We comment on the ex- planation for Li-enrichement for different subpopulations, including planet accretion, nonstandard mixing, and youth. The Galactic disk exhibits complex chemical and dynamical substructure thought to be induced by the bar, spiral arms, and satellites. In chapter 4, rather than calculating spectroscopic quantities, we use them to understand the Milky Way. We explore the chemical signatures of bar resonances in action and velocity space and characterize the differences between the signatures of corotation and higher-order resonances using test particle simulations. Thanks to recent surveys, we now have large datasets containing metallicities and kinematics of stars outside the solar neighborhood. We compare the simulations to the observational data from Gaia EDR3 and LAMOST DR5 and find weak evidence for a slow bar with the “hat” moving group (250 km s⁻¹ ≲ 𝑣_𝜑i ≲ 270 km s⁻¹) associated with its outer Lindblad resonance and “Hercules” (170 km s⁻¹ ≲ 𝑣_𝜑 ≲ 195 km s⁻¹) with corotation. While constraints from current data are limited by their spatial footprint, stars closer in azimuth than the Sun to the bar’s minor axis show much stronger signatures of the bar’s outer Lindblad and corotation resonances in test particle simulations. Future datasets with greater azimuthal coverage, including the final Gaia data release, will allow reliable chemodynamical identification of bar resonances. Finally, in chapter 5, we present KORG, a new package for 1D LTE (local thermal equilib- rium) spectral synthesis, which computes theoretical spectra from the near-ultraviolet to the near- infrared, and implements both plane-parallel and spherical radiative transfer. It is compatible with automatic differentiation libraries, and easily extensible, making it ideal for statistical inference and parameter estimation applied to large data sets. We outline the inputs and internals of KORG, and compare its output spectra to those produced by other codes. We use five example wavelength regions across 3660 Å – 15050 Å to show that the residuals between KORG and the other codes are no larger than that between existing codes themselves. We show that KORG is 1–100 times faster than other codes in typical use.

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We present cosmological parameter constraints obtained from galaxy clusters identified by their SunyaevZel'dovich effect signature in the 2500 square-degree South Pole Telescope Sunyaev Zel'dovich (SPT-SZ) survey. We consider the 377 cluster candidates identified at z > 0.25 with a detection significance greater than five, corresponding to the 95% purity threshold for the survey. We compute constraints on cosmological models using the measured cluster abundance as a function of mass and redshift. We include additional constraints from multi-wavelength observations, including Chandra X-ray data for 82 clusters and a weak lensing-based prior on the normalization of the mass-observable scaling relations. Assuming a spatially flat Lambda CDM cosmology, we combine the cluster data with a prior on H-0 and find sigma(8)= 0.784. +/- 0.039 and Omega(m) = 0.289. +/- 0.042, with the parameter combination sigma(8) (Omega(m)/0.27)(0.3) = 0.797 +/- 0.031. These results are in good agreement with constraints from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) from SPT, WMAP, and Planck, as well as with constraints from other cluster data sets. We also consider several extensions to Lambda CDM, including models in which the equation of state of dark energy w, the species-summed neutrino mass, and/or the effective number of relativistic species (N-eff) are free parameters. When combined with constraints from the Planck CMB, H-0, baryon acoustic oscillation, and SNe, adding the SPT cluster data improves the w constraint by 14%, to w = -1.023 +/- 0.042.