Water vapour is the most important greenhouse gas and plays a fundamental role in the climate system and for the chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere. This thesis presents observations of water vapour in the middle atmosphere with a particular focus on the mesosphere. The majority of these observations presented in this thesis have been performed by the Swedish satellite Odin, providing global observations since 2001. Further observations come from the Hygrosonde-2 campaign in December 2001 based on balloon and rocket-borne measurements. A general overview of Odin's water vapour measurements in the middle atmosphere is given. The optimisation of the mesospheric water vapour retrieval is presented in detail. The analysis of the observations has focused mainly on different dynamical aspects utilising the characteristic of water vapour as a dynamical tracer in the middle atmosphere. One application is the mesospheric part of the semi-annual oscillation (SAO). The observations reveal that this oscillation is the dominant pattern of variability between 30°S and 10°N in the mesosphere up to an altitude of 80 km. Above 90 km the SAO is dominating at all latitudes in the tropics and subtropics. It is shown that the SAO exhibits a distinct phase change between 75 km and 80 km in the tropical region. This thesis also presents the first satellite observations of water vapour in the altitude range between 90 km and 110 km, extending the observational database up into the lower thermosphere. In the polar regions water vapour exhibits the annual maximum during winter time above 95 km, mainly caused by upwelling during this season. This behaviour is different from that observed in the subjacent part of the mesosphere where the annual maximum occurs during summer time. The Hygrosonde-2 campaign provided a high resolution measurement of water vapour in the vicinity of the polar vortex edge. This edge prevents horizontal transport causing different water vapour characteristics inside and outside the polar vortex. The observations show that this separating behaviour extends high up into the mesosphere. Small scale transitions in the Hygrosonde-2 profile between conditions inside and outside the vortex coincided with wind shears caused by gravity waves.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal / Pour respecter les droits d'auteur, la version électronique de cette thèse ou ce mémoire a été dépouillée, le cas échéant, de ses documents visuels et audio-visuels. La version intégrale de la thèse ou du mémoire a été déposée au Service de la gestion des documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

The middle atmosphere is a very important part of the Earth system. Until recently, we did not realize the importance of the structure of this vaporous shell and of the fundamental role it plays in both creating and sustaining life on the planet. Thanks to the development and improvement of new sounding methods and techniques, our knowledge of the composition of the atmosphere has become more detailed than ever before. We have also learned how to reveal complex interactions between different species and how they react to the incoming solar radiation. The middle part of the Earth’s atmosphere serves as a host for the Polar Mesospheric Clouds. These clouds consist of a thin layer of water-ice particles, only exsisting during the summer months and only close to the poles. There are indications that the occurrence of Polar Mesospheric Clouds may be linked to climate change. It has been pointed out that the first sightings coincide with the industrial revolution. Satellite observations have shown that Polar Mesospheric Clouds have become brighter and possibly more widely distributed during the 20th century. The clouds might therefore be suited as indicators of the variability of the climate - a good reason for studying this night-shimmering phenomena. The clouds can also be used as a proxy for middle atmospheric dynamics. In order to fully utilize Polar Mesospheric Clouds as tracers for atmospheric variability and dynamics, we need to better understand their local properties. The Optical Spectrograph and Infra-Red Imager System (OSIRIS) is one of two instruments installed on the Odin satellite. The optical spectrograph of this instrument observes sunlight scattered by the atmosphere and thus the Polar Mesospheric Clouds. This thesis deals with a tomographic technique that can reconstruct both horizontal and vertical structures of the clouds by using observations from various angles of the atmospheric region. From this information, microphysical properties such as particle sizes and number densities are obtained. The tomographic technique presented in this thesis also provides a basis for a new satellite concept - MATS. The idea behind the MATS satellite mission is to analyze wave activity in the atmosphere over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, based on the scientific heritage from Odin/OSIRIS and the tomographic algorithms presented in this thesis. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper3: Submitted. Paper 4: Manuscript.</p>

No description available.

Thesis (M.A.)--Kent State University, 2007. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed July 3, 2008). Advisor: Jeffrey Wattles. Keywords: social self; self-other dialectic; pure experience; I-Me; I-Thou; sunyata; kenosis; basho; absolute nothingness; George H. Mead; Nishida Kitaro; Steve Odin. Includes bibliographical references (p. 65).

Submitted by MARILYN CLARA NUNES null (marilynclara@gmail.com) on 2017-08-09T03:27:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação de Marilyn Clara Nunes- IA Unesp.pdf: 8251631 bytes, checksum: 8bbacba580f88ab061d708d12d4bf645 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-08-11T14:29:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nunes_mc_me_ia.pdf: 8251631 bytes, checksum: 8bbacba580f88ab061d708d12d4bf645 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-11T14:29:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nunes_mc_me_ia.pdf: 8251631 bytes, checksum: 8bbacba580f88ab061d708d12d4bf645 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Partindo da minha formação enquanto atriz junto ao Odin Teatret, e de todos os estudos que as(os) integrantes desse grupo têm realizado acerca do vocabulário da atriz e do ator, busquei conectar teoria e prática, retomando o treinamento que é desenvolvido nessa tradição. Logo no início da pesquisa, o princípio da oposição, por sua recorrente presença nos exercícios e também nos escritos, mostrou-se relevante dentro do processo formativo desse grupo, especialmente no que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento da presença e criação cênicas. Debrucei-me sobre o conceito deste princípio e suas formas de manifestação, levando-me a subdividi-lo em outros quatro: a contraposição, a resistência, a pré-ação e a introversão e extroversão, e ainda, a relacioná-lo com outros estudos, tais como: a mímica moderna de Decroux, a biomecânica de Meyerhold e a expressividade corpórea de Delsarte. Também levei a oposição para dentro da minha cultura, através da Capoeira Angola e do samba brasileiro. Enquanto que, para seu trato em contexto de formação da atriz e do ator, trouxe sua explanação através dos exercícios conduzidos pelas atrizes Julia Varley, Iben Nagel Rasmussen, Roberta Carreri e pelo ator Jan Ferslev, do Odin Teatret, sem deixar, contudo, de abordar o contexto desse trabalho, permeado pela vivência com o grupo em sua sede, na Dinamarca. Tendo esta pesquisa, prioritariamente, um caráter prático e artístico, houve a sua materialização através da criação da demonstração de trabalho O oposto, possibilitando reviver a experiência prática com um viés pedagógico. Além de exercícios e das influências históricas, através das personagens e cenas dos espetáculos Estrelas e O Pesadelo da Borboleta, bem como da própria demonstração de trabalho O oposto, dirigidos por Varley, apresentei a incorporação da oposição na criação cênica, que, através dos exemplos dados, mostrou ser uma ferramenta útil para a atriz e ator, permeando exercícios e criação de espetáculos. / Starting from my training as an actress with Odin Teatret, and all the studies that the members of this group have done on the actress and the actor’s vocabulary, I sought to connect theory and practice, returning to the training that is developed in this tradition. At the beginning of the research, due to its recurrent presence in the exercises and in the writings, the principle of opposition presented itself as relevant within this formative process, especially with regard to the development of scenic presence and creation. I focused on this principle concept and its manifestation forms, leading me to subdivide it into four others: counterposition, resistance, pre-action and introversion and extraversion, and also to relate it to other studies, such as: the Decroux’s Modern Mime, Meyerhold’s biomechanics and Delsarte’s corporeal expressiveness. I also brought the opposition into my culture, through Capoeira Angola and Brazilian samba. While, for its use inside the actress and the actor’ training, I exposed the exercises conducted by the actresses Julia Varley, Iben Nagel Rasmussen, Roberta Carreri and the actor Jan Ferslev, from Odin Teatret. However, it did not fail to address the context of this work, which was filled up by living with the group at its headquarters in Denmark. Having this research, as a matter of priority, a practical and artistic approach, its materialization came with the creation of the word demonstration The opposite, making possible to relive the practical experience with a pedagogical bias. In addition to the exercises and the historical influences, through the characters and scenes of the performance Stars and The Butterfly Nightmare, and the work demonstration The opposite, all directed by Varley, I presented the incorporation of the opposition in the creation, which proved to be a useful tool in the actress and actor’s formation.

No description available.

During stormy nights, be careful if you're out on your own, because you might encounter Odin, the hunter of the night, and he may decide to force you along with his phantom armyacross the sky. Cursed by the christian God for breaking his laws, Odin hunts the creatures ofdarkness. A motif in folklore appearing all across Europe it has been discussed many timesover by many different scholars in regard to its origin and potential connection topre-christian mythologies. This essay discusses and explains the Wild Hunt’s status in 1800sSwedish culture and how the drastically changing society of that time changed the Wild Hunt.Using archival material discussing the Wild Hunt this is mainly using memory theory andfolkloristic narrative analysis as the method. This essay aims to understand the history of theWild Hunt, and understand what purpose it served for the people who lived with it, focusingon the individual memories of the Hunt that may have been forgotten by time. A lot ofdiscussions regarding the Hunt centres on its connection to norse asatru, however while thisessay will bring this up, that is not the focus, as it is something that has been discussed bymany other scholars before. The Wild Hunt itself was a bright example of living culture, howstories change and adapt and how different parts are remembered throughout culture. In theend it seems like urbanisation is what led to the fall of the Wild Hunt in Sweden as the naturalphenomena that may have inspired it were no longer present in the modern cities

<p>The results presented in this PhD thesis are mainly based on measurements collected by the advanced sub-mm radiometer (SMR) aboard the Odin satellite in 2002-2007. The primary data are series of temperature and ozone profiles in the middle atmosphere up to 68 km. These data are used to estimate global properties of planetary wave propagation in both horizontal and vertical directions. As good-quality retrievals from Odin are not available above 68 km, additional data sources have been considered in order to extend coverage of planetary wave properties to higher levels. These sources are temperature observations at 85-90 km obtained by the ground-based meteor radars located in the polar region in the Northern Hemisphere in Scandinavia at Esrange and at Andenes, and in Canada at Resolute Bay and at Yellowknife. Also, the series of ozone profiles from the ground-based Kiruna mm-wave radiometer, KIMRA, are used in order to compare the wave properties in ozone fields measured globally by Odin and locally by KIMRA.</p><p>The main task of this PhD thesis is to study the 5-day planetary wave characteristics in the Earth’s atmosphere. The influence of waves on the atmospheric circulation causes, for example, substantial local departures from radiative equilibrium, observed in the winter stratosphere and close to the summer mesopause. Seasonal variations of the 5-day planetary wave properties and physical phenomena related to these variations are also studied in this thesis.</p><p>During winter, planetary waves propagate freely in the vertical direction, and maximal wave amplitudes are found in the extratropical stratosphere. The Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter periods of 2002-2003 and 2005 have been examined and a comparison has been carried out between the planetary wave properties in temperature and ozone variations. In general, the results show an expected in-phase behavior between the temperature and ozone fields in the lower stratosphere (due to dynamic effects) and an out-of-phase pattern in the upper stratosphere (which is expected as a result of photochemical effects).</p><p>Earlier theoretical and experimental studies have shown that, despite unfavourable summertime wind conditions, 5-day planetary waves can be registered not only in the stratosphere but also at higher altitudes in the mesosphere. The NH summers of 2003-2005 and 2007 have been considered and results have confirmed the existence of 5-day planetary waves up to the mesopause level (85-90 km). The results demonstrate that, for different periods, the possible source of the observed waves could be located at lower altitudes in both hemispheres with successive propagation into the summer mesosphere, or the waves could be generated in-situ as a result of the baroclinic instability of summer easterly jet.</p>

The results presented in this PhD thesis are mainly based on measurements collected by the advanced sub-mm radiometer (SMR) aboard the Odin satellite in 2002-2007. The primary data are series of temperature and ozone profiles in the middle atmosphere up to 68 km. These data are used to estimate global properties of planetary wave propagation in both horizontal and vertical directions. As good-quality retrievals from Odin are not available above 68 km, additional data sources have been considered in order to extend coverage of planetary wave properties to higher levels. These sources are temperature observations at 85-90 km obtained by the ground-based meteor radars located in the polar region in the Northern Hemisphere in Scandinavia at Esrange and at Andenes, and in Canada at Resolute Bay and at Yellowknife. Also, the series of ozone profiles from the ground-based Kiruna mm-wave radiometer, KIMRA, are used in order to compare the wave properties in ozone fields measured globally by Odin and locally by KIMRA. The main task of this PhD thesis is to study the 5-day planetary wave characteristics in the Earth’s atmosphere. The influence of waves on the atmospheric circulation causes, for example, substantial local departures from radiative equilibrium, observed in the winter stratosphere and close to the summer mesopause. Seasonal variations of the 5-day planetary wave properties and physical phenomena related to these variations are also studied in this thesis. During winter, planetary waves propagate freely in the vertical direction, and maximal wave amplitudes are found in the extratropical stratosphere. The Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter periods of 2002-2003 and 2005 have been examined and a comparison has been carried out between the planetary wave properties in temperature and ozone variations. In general, the results show an expected in-phase behavior between the temperature and ozone fields in the lower stratosphere (due to dynamic effects) and an out-of-phase pattern in the upper stratosphere (which is expected as a result of photochemical effects). Earlier theoretical and experimental studies have shown that, despite unfavourable summertime wind conditions, 5-day planetary waves can be registered not only in the stratosphere but also at higher altitudes in the mesosphere. The NH summers of 2003-2005 and 2007 have been considered and results have confirmed the existence of 5-day planetary waves up to the mesopause level (85-90 km). The results demonstrate that, for different periods, the possible source of the observed waves could be located at lower altitudes in both hemispheres with successive propagation into the summer mesosphere, or the waves could be generated in-situ as a result of the baroclinic instability of summer easterly jet.