Avhandling--Stockholm, 2003. / Bibliogr. 305-335. Index. Résumé en anglais.

OSIRIS, a Canadian built instrument on-board the Swedish-led remote sensing satellite, Odin, consists in part of three single lens imagers that measure near infrared light from atmospheric scattering and emission. A full calibration of the imaging system is required to remove all instrument dependent effects that modify the observations. <p>This work presents the characterization and calibration of the OSIRIS imaging system in an attempt to produce observations that are instrument independent measurements of the atmospheric brightness. The required product is the number of photons per second emitted, or scattered, from the atmosphere that are within the sampling wavelength range and incident on the detector area in the instrument field of view. <p>A major portion of the present work involves understanding the dark current production mechanisms and the development of a technique to characterize the dark current and manufacturer imposed electronic offsets. It is demonstrated that with a current set of dark calibration images, the developed algorithm effectively removes the dark current and electronic offsets over a wide operating temperature range. The relative calibration of pixels is presented in terms of the electronic gain, or flat field response, and the angular look direction. It is apparent that a change in the relative pixel gain occurred between pre-flight calibration and the first in-flight images. However, it is shown that with a recalculation of the flat field response using in-flight images, an acceptable gain calibration is obtained. The angular look direction of the pixels is determined from the results of two separate in-flight experiments. The characterization and removal of the stray light signal is shown to be effective. <p>Finally, the absolute calibration of the instrument is presented. While several issues remain to be addressed, the comparison with a simple atmospheric brightness model provides a first order verification of the results.

OSIRIS, a Canadian built instrument on-board the Swedish-led remote sensing satellite, Odin, consists in part of three single lens imagers that measure near infrared light from atmospheric scattering and emission. A full calibration of the imaging system is required to remove all instrument dependent effects that modify the observations. <p>This work presents the characterization and calibration of the OSIRIS imaging system in an attempt to produce observations that are instrument independent measurements of the atmospheric brightness. The required product is the number of photons per second emitted, or scattered, from the atmosphere that are within the sampling wavelength range and incident on the detector area in the instrument field of view. <p>A major portion of the present work involves understanding the dark current production mechanisms and the development of a technique to characterize the dark current and manufacturer imposed electronic offsets. It is demonstrated that with a current set of dark calibration images, the developed algorithm effectively removes the dark current and electronic offsets over a wide operating temperature range. The relative calibration of pixels is presented in terms of the electronic gain, or flat field response, and the angular look direction. It is apparent that a change in the relative pixel gain occurred between pre-flight calibration and the first in-flight images. However, it is shown that with a recalculation of the flat field response using in-flight images, an acceptable gain calibration is obtained. The angular look direction of the pixels is determined from the results of two separate in-flight experiments. The characterization and removal of the stray light signal is shown to be effective. <p>Finally, the absolute calibration of the instrument is presented. While several issues remain to be addressed, the comparison with a simple atmospheric brightness model provides a first order verification of the results.

The goal of this project is to understand the realities of how magic was perceived during a Christianized Iceland, specifically during the medieval era when sagas and poems were recorded in Iceland. I accomplish this through literary analysis in conjunction with previous research on runic inscriptions and Old Norse mythology. I reveal that there is much more to be uncovered about the realities of paganism in medieval Iceland, and that the authors of Icelandic sagas had a large misunderstanding of pre-Christian paganism and magic. This argument is manifested through close readings of major Icelandic works, such as Hávamál, Volsunga saga, and Egils saga, coupled with other, minor works. In the first chapter, through understanding the usage of literary devices like metaphor and irony, I look at the inaccurate ways runes were portrayed in Hávamál and Egils saga as a means to separate Iceland from paganism while still retaining their cultural relevance. In chapter two, through the usage of queer theory, I elaborate on how characters in Hávamál, Egils saga, and Volsunga saga perpetuate negative stereotypes about practitioners of magic. Through these discoveries, this thesis calls into question the views of Icelandic saga writers as misunderstanding pagan magic, and further diversifies the discourse around medieval Icelandic literature as a whole. This project is done in hopes to educate Norse neo-pagans on the nuances surrounding the literature they hold so close to their pagan practices.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:51:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lara.pdf: 763931 bytes, checksum: ad900beabace23b47c5373832696ac94 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research proposes a study about the intersection between personal life and professional life in the work of the Odin Teatret actresses, Else Marie Laukvik, Iben Nagel Rasmussen, Julia Varley and Roberta Carreri. Were raised during the trajectory of each of the four actresses, moments where interference of personal life in professional life culminated in the creation of new methods of creation and training. One of the axes of this study was to think that the new methods created by the four actresses would allow to locate the space within each group and to identify different ways to practice understanding of the theater. Through analysis of the space established by every actress in the group, discusses gender relations involving these actresses do theater. Purpose of this study was also to bring to public the research of the actresses in an attempt to analyze his work to bring up discussions on the presence of women in theater history / Esta pesquisa propõe um estudo sobre intersecções entre vida pessoal e vida profissional no trabalho das atrizes do Odin Teatret, Else Marie Laukvik, Iben Nagel Rasmussen, Roberta Carreri e Julia Varley. Foram levantados durante a trajetória de cada uma das quatro atrizes, momentos onde interferências da vida pessoal na vida profissional culminaram na criação de novas metodologias de criação e treinamento. Um dos eixos deste estudo foi pensar que as novas metodologias de criadas pelas quatro atrizes possibilitariam localizar o espaço de cada uma delas dentro do grupo bem como identificar diferentes maneiras de compreensão da prática teatral. Através da análise do espaço estabelecido por cada uma das atrizes no grupo, discute relações de gênero que envolvem o fazer teatral destas atrizes. Também foi propósito deste trabalho trazer à público a pesquisa das atrizes do grupo, numa tentativa de analisando seu trabalho trazer à tona discussões sobre a presença das mulheres na história do teatro

À l’aube du XXe siècle, le metteur en scène russe Vsevolod Meyerhold nourrit une réflexion féconde sur le théâtre et plus particulièrement sur le jeu de l’acteur. La traduction en Europe occidentale des écrits de ce réformateur donne la possibilité au metteur en scène contemporain Eugenio Barba d’en revisiter la pensée et d’en reconsidérer l’héritage. Ainsi, notre étude se propose de montrer dans quelle mesure l’approche du jeu meyerholdien peut servir de référence pour les pratiques actuelles d’Eugenio Barba. Malgré les années qui les séparent, une mise en confrontation nous permettra de relever les points communs et les différences de leur démarche. Hommes érudits en culture théâtrale, ils n’ont de cesse de réinterroger le jeu, notamment par l’intérêt qu’ils accordent à diverses traditions, telle la commedia dell’arte, les masques ou encore les sources asiatiques. Nous analyserons comment chacun en puise les principes nécessaires en vue d’un enrichissement du jeu (voix, diction, mouvement, gestuel, corps). Il sera intéressant de saisir la portée d’un tel renouveau du jeu de l’acteur, et de voir dans quelle perspective celui-ci contribue à donner une identité à leur théâtre. / At the dawn of the 20th century, Russian stage director Vsevolod Meyerhold fruitfully reflected on theatre and particularly on acting. The translation of this reformer’s writings in Western Europe enabled contemporany stage director Eugenio Barba to revisit its depths and reconsider its heritage. Thus this thesis aims to show how the Meyerholdian approach to acting can be used as a reference for Eugenio Barba’s current practices. Despite the years that separate the two individuals, comparing them will allow us to identify the similarities and differences in their processes. These two theatre scholars have kept on questioning acting, especially through their interests in various traditions, such as commedia dell’arte, masks or other Asian sources. We will analyze how each of them used those sources to draw necessary principles to enrich acting (through movement, gesture, body, voice, diction). It will be interesting to understand the impact of such an acting revival and to see in which perspective it helps give an identity to their theatre.

A presente pesquisa, de cunho teórico-prático, apresenta o registro dos procedimentos de preparação técnica e montagem do diretor e atores do Odin Teatret segundo a ótica da Antropologia Teatral e persegue as noções de presença cênica e autonomia do ator. A partir da vivência da tradição de seus atores e documentação realizada em campo sobre treinamento e criação por eles difundidos, são selecionadas, descritas e experimentadas técnicas aplicadas na preparação pré-expressiva e em uma composição cênica pessoal. Na revisão de literatura, estabelece o diálogo com a linhagem de diretores-pedagogos do século XX, como Stanislavski e Grotowski e com estudiosos e críticos da Antropologia Teatral. Na aproximação com o conceito de presença, traz Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht para introduzir as noções de dramaturgia usadas por Eugenio Barba. Os registros e análises se valem de pressupostos da pesquisa qualitativa por meio da autoetnografia para sua organização. A identificação dos procedimentos mapeia as aplicações atualizadas das tradições do Odin Teatret. Por fim evidencia o percurso de personalização dos estímulos, sua aplicação pedagógica e o processo de montagem de materiais na dramaturgia da atriz-pesquisadora. Por meio de seus agentes, a pesquisa permitiu apurar as noções que perseguia sobre o trabalho técnico e o processo de autonomia do ator / This research, of a theoretical-practical nature, introduces the register of the technical preparations\' proceedings and production of the Odin Teatret director and actors, from the viewpoint of the Theatre Anthropology, and it pursuits the notions of scenic presence and the actors\' autonomy. Based on the experience of its actors\' tradition, and on a documentation held in fieldwork, about training and creation widespread by them, applied techniques are selected, described and experimented in the pre-expressive preparation and in a personal-scenic composition. In the literature review, it establishes a dialogue with the lineage of directors-pedagogues from the 20th Century, such as Stanislavski and Grotowski, and with scholars and critics of the Theatre Anthropology. In the approximation of the presence concept, it brings Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht to introduce dramaturgy notions used by Eugenio Barba. The registers and analysis rely on assumptions of the qualitative research using autoethnography to its organization. The identification of the proceedings maps the updated applications of the Odin Teatret\'s traditions. Lastly, it evidences the course of stimuli personalization, its pedagogical application and the material production process in the actress-researcher\'s dramaturgy. By its agents, the research allowed to ascertain the notions it searched about the technical work and the actor\'s autonomy process

A presente pesquisa, de cunho teórico-prático, apresenta o registro dos procedimentos de preparação técnica e montagem do diretor e atores do Odin Teatret segundo a ótica da Antropologia Teatral e persegue as noções de presença cênica e autonomia do ator. A partir da vivência da tradição de seus atores e documentação realizada em campo sobre treinamento e criação por eles difundidos, são selecionadas, descritas e experimentadas técnicas aplicadas na preparação pré-expressiva e em uma composição cênica pessoal. Na revisão de literatura, estabelece o diálogo com a linhagem de diretores-pedagogos do século XX, como Stanislavski e Grotowski e com estudiosos e críticos da Antropologia Teatral. Na aproximação com o conceito de presença, traz Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht para introduzir as noções de dramaturgia usadas por Eugenio Barba. Os registros e análises se valem de pressupostos da pesquisa qualitativa por meio da autoetnografia para sua organização. A identificação dos procedimentos mapeia as aplicações atualizadas das tradições do Odin Teatret. Por fim evidencia o percurso de personalização dos estímulos, sua aplicação pedagógica e o processo de montagem de materiais na dramaturgia da atriz-pesquisadora. Por meio de seus agentes, a pesquisa permitiu apurar as noções que perseguia sobre o trabalho técnico e o processo de autonomia do ator / This research, of a theoretical-practical nature, introduces the register of the technical preparations\' proceedings and production of the Odin Teatret director and actors, from the viewpoint of the Theatre Anthropology, and it pursuits the notions of scenic presence and the actors\' autonomy. Based on the experience of its actors\' tradition, and on a documentation held in fieldwork, about training and creation widespread by them, applied techniques are selected, described and experimented in the pre-expressive preparation and in a personal-scenic composition. In the literature review, it establishes a dialogue with the lineage of directors-pedagogues from the 20th Century, such as Stanislavski and Grotowski, and with scholars and critics of the Theatre Anthropology. In the approximation of the presence concept, it brings Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht to introduce dramaturgy notions used by Eugenio Barba. The registers and analysis rely on assumptions of the qualitative research using autoethnography to its organization. The identification of the proceedings maps the updated applications of the Odin Teatret\'s traditions. Lastly, it evidences the course of stimuli personalization, its pedagogical application and the material production process in the actress-researcher\'s dramaturgy. By its agents, the research allowed to ascertain the notions it searched about the technical work and the actor\'s autonomy process

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal. / Pour respecter les droits d'auteur, la version électronique de cette thèse ou ce mémoire a été dépouillée, le cas échéant, de ses documents visuels et audio-visuels. La version intégrale de la thèse ou du mémoire a été déposée au Service de la gestion des documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

<p>Water vapour is the most important greenhouse gas and plays a fundamental role in the climate system and for the chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere. This thesis presents observations of water vapour in the middle atmosphere with a particular focus on the mesosphere. The majority of these observations presented in this thesis have been performed by the Swedish satellite Odin, providing global observations since 2001. Further observations come from the Hygrosonde-2 campaign in December 2001 based on balloon and rocket-borne measurements. A general overview of Odin's water vapour measurements in the middle atmosphere is given. The optimisation of the mesospheric water vapour retrieval is presented in detail.</p><p>The analysis of the observations has focused mainly on different dynamical aspects utilising the characteristic of water vapour as a dynamical tracer in the middle atmosphere. One application is the mesospheric part of the semi-annual oscillation (SAO). The observations reveal that this oscillation is the dominant pattern of variability between 30°S and 10°N in the mesosphere up to an altitude of 80 km. Above 90 km the SAO is dominating at all latitudes in the tropics and subtropics. It is shown that the SAO exhibits a distinct phase change between 75 km and 80 km in the tropical region.</p><p>This thesis also presents the first satellite observations of water vapour in the altitude range between 90 km and 110 km, extending the observational database up into the lower thermosphere. In the polar regions water vapour exhibits the annual maximum during winter time above 95 km, mainly caused by upwelling during this season. This behaviour is different from that observed in the subjacent part of the mesosphere where the annual maximum occurs during summer time.</p><p>The Hygrosonde-2 campaign provided a high resolution measurement of water vapour in the vicinity of the polar vortex edge. This edge prevents horizontal transport causing different water vapour characteristics inside and outside the polar vortex. The observations show that this separating behaviour extends high up into the mesosphere. Small scale transitions in the Hygrosonde-2 profile between conditions inside and outside the vortex coincided with wind shears caused by gravity waves.</p>