Thesis (M.F.A.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 1988. / Typescript.

Abstract The thesis is concerned with the development of gravure-offset-printing and low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technologies for the miniaturisation of electronic devices and components. The development work has been verified by several applications. Several aspects of gravure-offset-printing have to be optimised in order to make it suitable for fine-line printing and these have been addressed in the study with a focus on the printing inks and plates. Gravure-offset-printing inks were developed from commercial thick-film pastes. The effects of different ink characteristics on some properties of conductor lines, such as line width and resistivity, were studied. The dependence of the conductor lines on the quality of the engravings in the printing plates was also studied. The narrowest line widths obtained were about 30 μm with an accuracy of ±5 μm. Various LTCC compositions and processing steps involved in the production of integrated electronic devices, and the properties of several fabricated devices are discussed. The devices include inductors, band-pass filters and resistors for the 1–2 GHz frequency range. Miniaturisation has been the main focus of attention. For example, the integration of high-permittivity tapes in addition to low-permittivity tapes has made the miniaturisation of filter structures possible. Compatibility between these tapes during firing was found to be good. LTCC technology was further developed by adapting a modified LTCC-on-metal (LTCC-M) approach. A traditional way of guiding heat away from a component is to place a heat-sink under the component and utilise thermal vias and solder balls. In this study high- and low-permittivity tapes were attached directly on a heat-sink. Different heat-sink options were evaluated and the best performance was achieved with an AlN heat-sink which was deposited by screen-printing a Au layer on it. High-power chips were attached directly on the heat-sink through cavities in the LTCC tapes. This approach also restricted the shrinkage of the LTCC tapes. The fabricated test structures and components proved the viability of the approach although the compatibility between the pastes and tapes was not optimal.

Thesis (M.S.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 2007. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-65).

This is a study to determine the present and future status of offset printing as compared to letterpress printing in Texas, based on the opinions of qualified teachers of printing and commercial printers taken from sixteen groups of different sizes.

Esta pesquisa objetivou dentro da perspectiva antropotecnológica, analisar a transferência de tecnologia realizada a partir de política de offset no âmbito da saúde pública, chamado Plano de Expansão da Radioterapia do Ministério da Saúde. O objetivo da referida política é criar e melhorar organizações credenciadas para tratamentos oncológicos a partir da inserção de equipamento radioterápico. Esse processo é dividido em duas etapas: a inserção do equipamento radioterápico e, as compensações previstas no acordo comercial. Para atender esse propósito, buscou-se compreender as abordagens teóricas e metodológicas dos campos de estudo da antropotecnologia, transferência de tecnologia e política de offset. Neste sentido, utilizou-se a estratégia metodológica do estudo de caso, amparada pela pesquisa aplicada, com abordagem qualitativa e exploratória. Analisaram-se os ambientes externos e internos de uma determinada situação localizada no Estado do Paraná que recebeu o equipamento radioterápico. Constatou-se que as iniciativas de inserção de equipamento radioterápico do contexto do Plano de Expansão têm sofrido inúmeros enfrentamentos inseridos nas particularidades contextuais e organizacionais que afetam seu desenvolvimento e efetividade. Há desafios que exigem respostas de um conjunto de organizações envolvidas para efetivar o acordo comercial estabelecido pela política de offset, enaltecendo a primeira etapa como processo de transferência de tecnologia. Assim, a situação localizada no Estado do Paraná consolidou, de forma consistente, a inserção do equipamento radioterápico permitindo sua evidenciação como situação de referência a partir das dimensões e indicadores de análise providos da antropotecnologia e possibilitando a compreensão da transferência de tecnologia envolvida. / This research aimed, within the scope of the anthropotechnological approach, analyze the technology transfer, performed via the offset policy in the field of public health, called the Radiotherapy Expansion Plan, from the Health Ministry. The objective of this policy is to create and improve accredited organizations, concerning the oncological treatment, specifically in the insertion of radiotherapeutic equipment. This process is divided into two stages: the insertion of the radiotherapy equipment, and the compensations provided for in the commercial agreement. To meet this purpose, the research started from understanding the theoretical and methodological approaches of the fields of study of anthropotechnology, technology transfer and offset policy. In this sense, there was used the methodological strategy of the case study, supported by applied research, with a qualitative and exploratory approach. External and internal environments of a specific situation were analyzed, located in the State of Paraná, which received the radiotherapy equipment. It was verified that the initiatives of insertion of radiotherapeutic equipment in the context of the Expansion Plan have undergone numerous confrontations, inserted in the contextual and organizational particularities that affect its development and effectiveness. There are challenges that require responses from a set of organizations involved, in order to implement the trade agreement established by the offset policy, highlighting the first stage as a process of technology transfer. Thus, the situation located in the State of Paraná consistently consolidated the insertion of the radiotherapy equipment. It allowed its disclosure as a reference situation, and based on the dimensions and indicators analysis provided by anthropotechnology, made possible the comprehensionof the technology transfer involved in the process.

The aim of this work was to develop a solid knowledge on formulation effects controlling offset ink-paper coating adhesion and to identify key factors of the coating and printing process affecting it. Focus lay on comprehending the impact of pigment dispersant on ink-paper coating adhesion and ultimately on the print quality of offset prints. The work covers laboratory studies, a pilot coating trial designed to produce coated material with a span in surface chemistry and structure, and an industrial offset printing trial. The lab scale studies quantified ink-paper coating adhesion failure during ink setting with a developed laboratory procedure based on the Ink-Surface Interaction Tester (ISIT) and image analysis. Additional polyacrylate dispersant resulted in slower ink setting and reduced ink-paper coating adhesion, with a dependence on its state of salt neutralisation and cation exchange, mainly in the presence of moisture/liquid water. The industrial printing trial on pilot coated papers was designed to study how these laboratory findings affected full scale offset print quality. These trials confirmed the dispersant-sensitive effect on ink-paper coating adhesion, especially at high water feeds. Evaluation of prints from the printing trial resulted in two fundamentally different types of ink adhesion failure being identified. The first type being traditional ink refusal, and the second type being a novel mechanism referred to as ink-lift-off adhesion failure. Ink-lift-off adhesion failure occurs when ink is initially deposited on the paper but then lifted off in a subsequent print unit. In this work, ink adhesion failure by this ink-lift-off mechanism was observed to occur more often than failure due to ink refusal. Print quality evaluation of the industrial prints suggested that water induced mottle was caused by a combination of ink-surface adhesion failure, creating white spots on the print, together with variation in ink layer thickness due to emulsified ink. / <p>QC 20161019</p>

It was investigated characteristics of surfaces of offset printing plates. A method of measurement of wetting angle was improved and there were investigated the wetting characteristics of hydrophilic surfaces of offset printing plates and their dependence on dampening solution and on printed run. Experimentally investigated 16 offset printing plates. Wetting angle increases with the run. Surface roughness was investigated using profilograph. Changes of surface roughness during printing were determined and it was found that during printing quantity of bigger over 1 µm irregularities increases.

Starch in paper coatings is known to increase the risk of print mottle in lithographic offset printing. The objective of this study was to increase the understanding of this behaviour. Four phenomena that could lead to print mottle, where the presence of starch might be important, have been identified: uneven binder migration, uneven coating mass distribution, uneven deformation during calendering and differential shrinkage. The latter three were investigated in this project. Starch-containing coating colours often have high water retention. A relationship between the water retention of the coating colours and the distribution of coating thickness was found in a pilot trial. A theory is proposed, where the surface profile of the base paper beneath the blade, that governs the coat weight distribution in blade coating, is affected by moisture from the dewatering coating colours and the compressive force exerted by the blade. Drying strategies were studied to see whether they would induce porosity variations in the coating layers. There is a strong connection between the rate of evaporation and the shrinkage of the coating layer, but no porosity variations due to the choice of drying strategy were found. Shrinkage is governed by the capillary forces. At the same capillary pressure, the coating shrinks more for some binder systems, which is suggested to be due to a weaker chemical interaction between the binder and the pigment. Oxidized starch/latex coatings, stained with a fluorescent marker, had a greater standard deviation in fluorescence intensity than CMC/latex coatings caused by a difference in either porosity or latex distribution. It was shown that calendering introduces porosity variations into the coating layer that are larger for starch-containing coatings. The drying strategies appeared to have a significant effect on these porosity variations and they correlated positively with print mottle in some cases and in another case negatively. In the case of the negatively correlated, the mottle was probably caused by variations in surface porosity existing prior to the calendering.

<p>Predmet doktorske disertacije je uklanjanje neorganskih i organskih polutanata iz efluenata ofset tehnike štampe (otpadnog razvijača i otpadnog sredstva za vlaženje) u cilju minimiziranja njihovog štetnog uticaja na životnu sredinu. Uklanjanje polutanata sprovedeno je primenom elektrokoagulaciono/ flotacionog (EKF) tetmana, adsorpcionog (AD) tretmana i kombinacijom navedenih tretmana. Izvodljivost i efikasnost tretmana analizirana je ispitivanjem uticaja karakterističnih operativnih promenljivih u okviru procesa na smanjivanje količine polutanata. Mehanizmi EKF i AD tretmana definisani su na osnovu teorijskih matematičko kinetičkih modela. Za rešavanje problema odlaganja mulja nastalog nakon EKF tretmana primenjen je solidifikaciono/stabiliza-cioni tretman sa odgovarajućim imobilizacionim agensima. Razvijen je efikasan model kombinacije tretmana efluenata grafičkih procesa ofset štampe kojim je omogućena konverzija efluenata u proizvode kompatibilne sa principima i normativima životne sredine.</p> / <p>The topic of this doctoral dissertation is the removal of inorganic and organic pollutants from the offset printing effluents (waste developer and waste fountain solution) in order to minimize their damaging influence onto the environment. The removal of the pollutants has been performed by electrocoagulation/flotation (ECF) treatment, adsorption (AD) treatment and the combination of the two said treatments. Feasibility and efficacy of the treatments has been analyzed by investigating the effect of characteristic operational variables within the process on the decrease in the quantity of pollutants. The mechanisms of ECF and AD treatments have been defined on the basis of theoretical mathematical-kinetic models. For the solution of the problem of sludge disposal, originating from the ECF treatment, a solidification/stabilization treatment with immobilization agents has been applied. An efficient model that combines the offset printing effluent treatments has been developed, the one which enables the conversion of effluents into products compatible with environmental principles and norms.</p>

<p>Истраживање старења средства за влажење у реалним условима током 8-часовног радног времена у процесу офсет штампе је омогућило сагледавање критичних фактора деактивације средства за влажење и представља основ за праћење кинетике структурних и физичко-хемијских промена активних компоненти средства за влажење. Такође, истраживање обезбеђује и дефинисање могућих механизама хемијских процеса који условљавају пад активности присутних компоненти средства за влажење током процеса старења.</p> / <p>Istraživanje starenja sredstva za vlaženje u realnim uslovima tokom 8-časovnog radnog vremena u procesu ofset štampe je omogućilo sagledavanje kritičnih faktora deaktivacije sredstva za vlaženje i predstavlja osnov za praćenje kinetike strukturnih i fizičko-hemijskih promena aktivnih komponenti sredstva za vlaženje. Takođe, istraživanje obezbeđuje i definisanje mogućih mehanizama hemijskih procesa koji uslovljavaju pad aktivnosti prisutnih komponenti sredstva za vlaženje tokom procesa starenja.</p> / <p>The investigation of fountain solution aging in real condition during 8-hr<br />working shift of offset printing process allows an overview of the critical<br />factors of fountain solution deactivation and represents the basis for<br />monitoring the structural and physico-chemical changes of active<br />components of fountain solution. Also, the investigation defines the possible<br />mechanism of chemical processes which cause the decreasing of activity of<br />present components in fountain solution during aging process.</p>