「人民幣」（RMB）有著相當特殊的背景因素，基於歷史背景不同，經濟體制不同，與西方國家的貨幣（如美元、歐元）發展差異很大；未來人民幣是否可能成為重要的國際儲備貨幣，甚至可能會威脅到美元的世界領導地位？而「離岸中心」（Offshore Financial Center），則是在規劃人民幣國際化過程中，一個相當關鍵的階段，除了可以增加人民幣的交易，也能夠促進人民幣於在岸與離岸市場之間的使用與流通的龐大商機。 本研究首先由貨幣市場的歷史回顧與發展現況進行探討，接著針對人民幣的現行體系、各離岸中心運作模式等逐一分析，藉由分析人民幣離岸中心業務與營運，來了解過去、現在及未來的發展方向，並且對於人民幣離岸中心目前所遇到的問題給予建議。最後針對台灣，探討目前策略定位與未來發展人民幣離岸中心之成功要素。 本研究結論為，以長期來說，根據IMF國際貨幣基金組織的報告指出：人民幣是最有潛力在國際上被廣泛使用的貨幣，基於中國龐大的經濟規模、多元化的貿易結構、總體經濟穩定以及高經濟成長率，而人民幣未來也將會成為主要的國際貨幣。因此，台灣爭取成為人民幣離岸中心，已經是刻不容緩的事，未來更可順勢發展成為國際金融中心。期望本研究能提供給本國與外商金融業者之策略發展，並提出建議供主管機關相關政策制定參考之用。 關鍵字：人民幣、離岸中心、貨幣 / "Renminbi" (RMB) has a very special background, based on the historical matter, the different economic system matter, and that varies greatly in comparison with the Western countries' currencies (such as the US dollar, Euro). Does the RMB likely to become an important international reserve currency in the future? Is it possible that threat to US dollar's leader role in the world? Moreover, the "Offshore Financial Center" is in a very critical stage of internationalization for the RMB, not only to enlarge the volume of RMB transactions, but also to promote the RMB in between the onshore and offshore markets for business and circulation enormous opportunities. In this study, starts from the historical review of currency markets and discuss the present state of development, follows by the current system of the RMB, as well as the operating model of the other offshore financial centers to benchmark, by analyzing the RMB offshore centers' business and operations, to understand in the past, present and future direction of development. To come out the solutions currently given to the problems encountered, and make recommendations for the offshore RMB center. Further to Taiwan, to discuss the current and future development of strategic positioning for the best practice of becoming the offshore RMB financial center. In conclusion, as for the long-term, according to IMF working paper: the RMB holds the most potential to become widely used internationally, due to China's large economic size, diversified trade structure and network, macroeconomic stability, and high growth rates which can be expected that the RMB will become a major international currency. Therefore, the development of offshore RMB financial center is already an urgent matter for Taiwan. The success of it can further become the international financial center in the next step. In the end, we hope this study can provide the great views to local and foreign financial institutions, and make some recommendations of relevant policy to government authority for reference purposes. Keywords: RMB, Renminbi, Offshore Financial Center, Currency

The role of tax havens in the global issue of tax evasion has been illustrated by numerous studies. In 2009, a major international initiative has been launched by G20 and OECD with a purpose to put an end to offshore tax evasion. Yet the outcomes of this tax haven crackdown are often contested. This thesis brings new findings to the empirical research that has been done on the field of crackdown's evaluation. First, I confirm the results of earlier academic papers and I find a negative impact of information exchange treaties on the value of funds placed in tax havens. Second, I extend the existing research shifting the attention to deposits in non-havens, concluding that also the money from tax havens placed on non-havens' bank accounts disappear after signing a treaty. In the final part of the thesis, I - for the first time in literature - link the data on cross-border deposits with a measure of financial secrecy. I find that a decrease in secrecy score corresponds to a decline in deposits on a sample of all countries and non-havens. All my findings suggest that weakening the financial secrecy is associated with a significant outflow of cross-border deposits.

Offshore jurisdictions have become popular among corporations around the globe. They provide opportunities to reduce taxes by registering companies there. The Russian large firms have joined the trend, but exploit offshore schemes in different ways. They incorporate offshore companies with their subsidiaries operating in Russia. The main purpose is to protect assets from hostile capture by other businesses or even the government. Thus, businessmen stay hidden as end beneficiaries behind the offshore companies’ chain. The offshorization in the country has its enormous scale. Up to 90% of the largest companies are involved in offshore patterns. The government makes some efforts to force companies to come back to the country, but they are not effective. To succeed, corporations should experience the improved business climate and have an opportunity to defend themselves in fair courts. It is the government’s responsibility to make such appealing conditions. As a result, nowadays, Russia suffers not only from less tax collection, but also from losing control over strategically important enterprises and even industries. Thus, the phenomenon threatens to the country's national security.