Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-04-18T18:31:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 mateusdelimafilomeno.pdf: 952346 bytes, checksum: 0eb883e1ceabb6c297f58be445761d84 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-04-19T13:28:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mateusdelimafilomeno.pdf: 952346 bytes, checksum: 0eb883e1ceabb6c297f58be445761d84 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-19T13:28:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mateusdelimafilomeno.pdf: 952346 bytes, checksum: 0eb883e1ceabb6c297f58be445761d84 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018 / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo discutir as comunicações cooperativas híbrida e não híbrida aplicadas a sistemas de comunicação de dados em banda larga e em ambientes residenciais. Nesse sentido, o modelo de canal com retransmissor único em dois estágios é investigado para sistemas de comunicação em banda larga através da rede de energia elétrica. Este modelo de canal cooperativo é formado pela concatenação de dois canais com retransmissor único, cobrindo enlaces de comunicação de dados com até dois saltos. Além disso, um modelo de canal híbrido com retransmissor único, utilizando rede elétrica e ar, é analisado para sistemas de comunicação de dados em banda larga em que enlaces de até um salto são considerados. Expressões de taxas de dados alcançáveis ergódicas são derivadas para os modelos de canais cooperativos híbridos e não híbridos, a fim de compará-los. Devido às características de canais e ruído das redes de energia elétrica, os resultados numéricos são baseados em um conjunto de dados constituído por estimativas de canais e medições de ruído cobrindo a faixa de frequência de 1, 7 a 100 MHz e diferentes posições do nó retransmissor. Para os canais sem fio, o modelo HIPERLAN/2 com a mesma largura de banda é utilizado, considerando uma freqüência central de 5 GHz, enquanto o ruído aditivo é considerado branco gaussiano. Com relação aos sistemas de comunicação através da rede energia elétrica, mostra-se que o modelo de canal com retransmissor único em dois estágios é a melhor opção quando o enlace da fonte ao destino encontra-se severamente degradado (por exemplo, alta atenuação de sinal devido à longa distância entre nós fonte e destino e/ou presença de ruído de alta potência). Quando a degradação do canal não é acentuada, o modelo de canal de dois saltos é mais apropriado. Acerca dos sistemas híbridos, constata-se que, quando o retransmissor está no meio do caminho entre fonte e destino, o modelo de canal híbrido com retransmissor único apresenta o melhor desempenho em termos de taxa de dados alcançável ergódica, enquanto o modelo de canal híbrido de um salto oferece os melhores resultados para outros casos. / This dissertation aims to discuss hybrid and non-hybrid cooperative communications applied to in-home broadband data communication systems. In this sense, the two-stage single-relay channel model is investigated for in-home broadband power line communication systems. This cooperative channel model consists of the concatenation of two single-relay channels, covering data communication links with up to two hops. Moreover, a hybrid power line/wireless single-relay channel model is analyzed for broadband data communication systems, considering one-hop links. Ergodic achievable data rate expressions are derived for both hybrid and non-hybrid cooperative channel models in order to compare them. Due to channel and noise characteristics of electric power grids, numerical results are based on a data set constituted by power line channel estimates and additive noise measurements covering the frequency band from 1.7 up to 100 MHz and different relay positions. For wireless channels, the HIPERLAN/2 model with the same bandwidth is used, but at a central frequency of 5 GHz, while the additive noise is considered to be Gaussian white. Regarding only power line communication systems, it is shown that the two-stage single-relay channel model is the best option when the source-to-destination link is severely degraded (e.g., high signal attenuation due to the long distance between source and destination nodes and/or high-power noise presence). When the channel degradation is not severe, the two-hop channel model is more appropriate. Concerning hybrid systems, it is observed that, when the relay is halfway between source and destination nodes, the hybrid single-relay channel model presents the best performance in terms of ergodic achievable data rate, while the hybrid one-hop channel model yields the best results for other cases.

The goal is to design data concentrator for Smart Grids. Data Concentrator provides the interface between the server systems of distribution companies and end devices, which are electricity meters, water meters, gas meters and other equipment. There are hardware and software design solutions and there is also discussed creating its own distribution of Linux.

This diploma thesis analyzes the PLC communications in various scenarios. The first part of the thesis describes the principle of narrowband and broadband communication and the analysis of electrical lines. The next part describes the NS-3 framework, simulation scenarios for establishment the effect of branches and other parameters on the baud rate. The last part determines the minimum number of repeaters and their location on the extended topology.

My thesis is devoted to the topic of symbols in media messages. I choose this topic mainly because I work in media communication, specifically in the field of public relations, and that is why I wanted to focus on the area that is close to me not only professionally. Symbols are one of the signs whose meaning depends on the cultural or social context and the value system. My intention is with the help of various methods of semiotic analysis to show how media messages are full of symbols and that we are often not aware of their meaning and affect on us. Media messages are all around us, and thus we are confronted with them every day. It is important to be aware of their meaning because they are part of our cultural environment and thus they affect us backward.

Ce travail est une étude de caractérisation de différents composants du réseau basse tension (BT) français dans la bande de fréquence utilisée par les courants porteurs en ligne en bande étroite entre 9 kHz et 500 kHz. L’objectif est de permettre une compréhension approfondie de la propagation du signal CPL dans le réseau BT français. L’approche ascendante est choisie. Elle consiste en la caractérisation du réseau à partir de la caractérisation de chaque composant le constituant. Deux composants essentiels du réseau BT ont été caractérisés : les câbles d’énergie et les installations des clients. Dans la première partie, différentes technologies de câbles de distribution et de branchement ont été caractérisées expérimentalement. Deux modèles ont été choisis, un premier modèle dit ligne simple (LS) qui ne prend pas en compte le couplage et un deuxième modèle dit ligne couplée (LC) plus complet qui prend en compte le couplage inductif et capacitif entre les lignes de transmission des câbles. Dans la deuxième partie, on s’est intéressé à l’obtention des impédances d’entrée des installations des clients vues par le réseau BT. Ces impédances ont été obtenues à partir de la caractérisation du câble électrique domestique ainsi que celle de différents appareils domestiques parmi les plus présents dans les installations. Pour ces différentes caractérisations, trois méthodes expérimentales ont été conçues et mises au point. Une étude paramétrique a été réalisé pour évaluer l’influence des longueurs des câbles ainsi que les valeurs des impédances connectées aux extrémités des lignes de transmission de ces câbles sur l’atténuation, le couplage et l’impédance d’accès. / This work presents the characterization of different components of the French Low Voltage (LV) network in the frequency band used by the narrowband power line communication (PLC) between 9 kHz and 500 kHz. The aim of this work is to provide a deeper understanding of the propagation of the PLC signal in the French LV network. For this, the bottom-up approach is used. This approach consists in LV network characterization starting from the characterization of each component of this LV network. Two essential components of the LV network have been characterized: energy cables and customer installations. In the first part, different distribution and connection cable technologies have been experimentally characterized.Two models have been chosen: a first model called LS consisting on the characterization of cables without taking into account the coupling and a second one more complete called LC which, takes into account the inductive and capacitive coupling between the transmission lines of the cables. In the second part, the work focused on obtaining the input impedance of the customer installations seen by the LV network. These impedances were obtained from the characterization of the domestic electrical cable as well as various domestic appliances among the most present in the installations. Finally, the results of both parts allowed to make a parametric study of the influence of cable lengths and the impedance values connected to the ends of the transmission lines of these cables on attenuation, coupling and access impedances.

Le déploiement d'une infrastructure de supervision permet une gestion plus intelligente des réseaux de distribution d'électricité comparé à un renforcement traditionnel pour répondre aux nouveaux enjeux de la maitrise de l'énergie (Consommations, EnR, VE, ...). Pour acheminer les données, les Courants Porteurs en Ligne (CPL) possèdent un atout majeur. En effet, cette technologie permet de superposer un signal de plus haute fréquence au signal électrique 50/60 Hz. Toutefois, le support de transmission est difficile et non maîtrisable. Ces travaux de recherche ont pour objectif d'apporter une contribution à cette problématique par l'élaboration d'une plateforme de simulation des réseaux pour des fréquences allant jusqu'à 1 MHz dans un but de transmission de données. Des éléments clés des réseaux sont traités de façon séparés puis assemblés pour estimer les performances des CPL « Outdoor » actuels. La variation du comportement des réseaux en fonction du temps et de la fréquence, en particulier des perturbations en tête d'installation clients sur 24h est étudiée. Les transformateurs entre les réseaux HTA et BT sont modélisés sous la forme d'un « modèle à constantes localisées » et d'un « modèle boite noire ». Les deux modèles sont appliqués sur un transformateur H61 100 kVA. Par la suite, une modélisation des câbles de distribution est proposée sous forme d'un « modèle cascadé ». Celle-ci est appliquée sur un câble souterrain BT. Chaque modèle est obtenu à l'aide de mesures d'impédances, et validé par des mesures de transmissions. Pour compléter, une étude préliminaire sur les communications radio mobile est réalisée pour la supervision des réseaux de distribution. / Establishing a supervisory infrastructure allows a better smart management than an expensive strengthening of distribution network to respond to new constraints at the energies control (Consumption, REN, EV ...). To transmit data, Power Line Communication (PLC) technologies present an advantage in this context. In fact, it enables a superposition of High Frequency (HF) signals on electrical signal 50/60 Hz. However, electric networks have not been developed to this application because of difficult propagation conditions. This research work makes a contribution to develop a simulation platform in objective to transmit data to 1 MHz. In first time, each network element is studied singly and in second time, together, to estimate "Outdoor PLC" transmission performance. The first element studied is the networks variation in function of frequency and time. Several 24h disturbance measurements on LV customers are presented. The second element is the transformers which established connection between Medium Voltage (MV) and Low Voltage (LV). The proposed modeling method is based on a "lumped model" and a "black box model". These models are applied to a 100 kVA H61 transformer most commonly used by French distribution system operator in rural and suburban networks. The third element is the power line used in MV and LV networks. The proposed modeling method is based on a "cascaded model" from the theory of transmission line. This model is applied to one power line used in LV underground network. Each model is obtained from various impedance measurements. To complete, an introductory study on mobile radio communication is performed to remote network distribution.

This master’s thesis is dealing with remote measuring systems and their utilization in power engineering. In the first part there are described requirements on an autonomous measuring system and description of AMM and AMR systems. Communicating and data flows working on accurately defined communicating layers are also depicted in this part. The attention is devoted to the possibility of data processing and functions of devices offered by these attributes. In the following part there are described reasons for utilization of remote measuring systems in power engineering and the main advantages of connection of more devices into one unit. After finding of required parametres and functions of systems, a suggestion of terminal device is created in the same way. The suggestion is described in the measuring part with A/D converter, processing in microprocessor, measuring and evaluating alogorithms and attributes of communication of bus used. The last part is devoted to utilization of remote analysis in small power stations in dispersed production. Formation of deformation of voltage, harmonic analysis of signal and its application for data processing are described there. Described analysis was tested on data acquired from a cogeneration unit.

PLC - power line communication is not new. It has been known for many years. But It never be used in massive scale. There were only sporadic applications, for example ripple control system HDO used in the Czechoslovakia. PLC currently experiencing a renaissance thanks to the advent of Smart Grid. PLC offering relatively low bit rates and relatively unreliable transmission, but these disadvantages compensates very low costs to build a communication infrastructure and it offers specific functionalities for Smart Grid. The question is whether the declared parameters will be met in the real world. This thesis tries to find an answer.

Ces dernières années, le développement des réseaux de communication indoor et outdoor et l'augmentation du nombre d'applications conduisent à un besoin toujours croissant de transmission de données à haut débit. Parmi les nombreuses technologies concurrentes, les communications par courant porteur en ligne (CPL) ont leur place en raison des infrastructures déjà disponibles. La motivation principale de cette thèse est d'augmenter le débit et la robustesse des systèmes CPL à porteuses multiples afin qu'ils puissent être utilisés efficacement dans les réseaux domestiques et pour la domotique. Le thème de ce travail de recherche est d'explorer différentes approches de modulation et de codage de canal en liaison avec plusieurs schémas d'allocation et d'optimisation des ressources. L'objectif est ici d'améliorer les capacités des CPL et d'être concurrent face aux autres solutions de communication à haut débit et de faire face efficacement aux inconvénients inhérents au réseau d'alimentation. Un certain nombre de stratégies d'allocation des ressources et d'optimisation sont étudiées pour améliorer les performances globales des systèmes CPL. La performance d'un système de communication est généralement mesurée en termes de débit, de marge de bruit et de taux d'erreur binaire (TEB) de la liaison. La maximisation de débit (RM) est étudiée pour les systèmes OFDM (en anglais orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) et LP-OFDM (en anglais linear precoded OFDM) sous la contrainte de densité spectrale de puissance (DSP). Deux contraintes différentes de taux d'erreur ont été appliquées au problème RM. La première contrainte est la contrainte de TEB crête où toutes les sous-porteuses ou séquences de précodage doivent respecter le TEB cible. Avec la deuxième contrainte, contrainte de TEB moyen, différentes sous-porteuses ou séquences de précodage sont affectées par des valeurs différentes de TEB et une contrainte de TEB moyen est imposée sur le symbole complet OFDM ou LP-OFDM. Les algorithmes d'allocation sont également proposés en prenant en compte les gains de codage de canal dans le processus d'allocation des ressources. En outre, un nouveau schéma de minimisation de TEB moyen est introduit qui minimise le TEB moyen de systèmes pour un débit donné et un masque imposé de DSP. Pour l'allocation des ressources dans un système à porteuses multiples, il est généralement supposé que l'état du canal (CSI) est parfaitement connu par l'émetteur. En réalité, les informations de CSI disponibles au point d'émission sont imparfaites. Aussi, nous avons également étudié des schémas d'allocation des ressources dans le cas de systèmes OFDM et LP-OFDM en prenant compte, et de manière efficace, les impacts des estimations bruitées. Plusieurs chaînes de communication sont aussi développées pour les systèmes OFDM et LP-OFDM.